Advanced biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"Can Variations in the Diet Quality Index Over Five Years Improve Renal Function and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Results from the Prospective Azar Cohort Study.","authors":"Zahra Shahveghar Asl, Faezeh Ghalichi, Elnaz Faramarzi, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Mehrdad Jamali, Zohreh Ghoreishi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_197_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_197_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with complications, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dyslipidemia. This prospective study investigated the longitudinal relationship between changes in diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and alterations in kidney biomarkers and lipid profiles among patients with T2DM over 5 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cohort of 102 patients with T2DM participated. Diet quality was evaluated at baseline and after 5 years using a validated, 130-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Concurrently, fasting blood samples were collected to measure biomarkers: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Regression models analyzed associations between changes in DQI-I scores and changes in these biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DQI-I scores demonstrated a statistically significant increase over the 5-year period. However, these improvements in diet quality showed no significant association with favorable changes in kidney biomarkers (Cr, BUN, GFR) or lipid profiles (TG, LDL, HDL, cholesterol). The findings indicate that while dietary quality improved, this did not translate into significant effects on lipid metabolism or kidney function parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite observed improvements in overall diet quality, no significant improvements in lipid profiles or kidney biomarkers were detected. These results underscore the complexity of managing T2DM and its associated complications through dietary modification alone. Future research employing larger sample sizes and extended durations is warranted to elucidate further the long-term impact of dietary changes on renal function and lipid homeostasis in T2DM populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"15 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Distribution and Upregulation of Tenascin-C mRNA Expression in the Liver of 90% Hepatectomy Rats are Related to Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure.","authors":"Xinlan Ge, Ke Pan, Qiyue Yang, Lijie Gao, Chonghui Li","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_325_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_325_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the most serious complication after extended hepatectomy, with a high perioperative mortality rate. Matricellular protein tenascin-C (TNC) has been related to blood flow change and inflammation. We aimed to explore the hepatic changes of TNC and its relationship with PHLF.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Rats were divided into seven groups: Sham operation, 90% partial hepatectomy (90PH) as a PHLF model, 85% (85PH), and 68% (68PH) hepatectomy without or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The distribution of TNC protein, the mRNA expression of TNC and other endothelial response genes, and the cellular TNC located in the rat livers were evaluated by immunostaining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and RNAscope assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TNC mRNA in the liver tissue was significantly upregulated after hepatectomy and reached the highest level in the 90PH rats compared with those in the 85PH and 68PH rats. This upregulation was closely correlated with the changes of severe liver injury, inhibited liver regeneration, and upregulation of KLF2, ET-1, eNOS, and TM-1 in 90PH rat livers. We found a robust disturbance of hepatic TNC protein distribution in 90PH rat livers with an obvious reduction in hepatic sinusoids but an increase around large blood vessels, which were consistent with the severe liver injury of the 90PH rats. It was also found for the first time that treatment with the endotoxin LPS tremendously exacerbated the above changes of TNC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distribution and expression of TNC mRNA changed dramatically and contributed to the occurrence of PHLF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"15 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodermal Activity Responses as Predictor of Physiological and Emotional Responses to Different Visual Stimuli.","authors":"Dindar S Bari","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_86_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_86_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electrodermal activity (EDA) responses are characterized by fast fluctuations in skin conductance responses (SCRs), skin potential responses (SPRs), and skin susceptance responses (SSRs) triggered by various distinct stimuli. SCRs to various visual stimuli have been investigated in some studies, but not on SSRs and SPRs. This study evaluated the three EDA (SCRs, SSRs, and SPRs) scores to various visual (emotional) stimuli.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>EDA responses following five different visual stimuli were recorded from 40 healthy participants (20 male and 20 female) aged in the range 18-25 years (mean 19.75 years) simultaneously recorded at the same skin site. Visual stimuli were funny, sad, scary, nature, and romantic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results indicated that the different visual stimuli caused significant (<i>P</i> < 0.005) variations in the EDA responses as a result of activation of the sympathetic nervous system and sweat secretion. In addition, the amplitudes of EDA waveforms were higher for funny and scary pictures compared to other pictures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EDA responses could be an important physiological measure, and EDA instruments might be used in diverse psychophysiological applications, including emotion recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"15 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of <i>Lavandula Angustifolia</i> on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Symptoms by Modulation of Immune Responses.","authors":"Merat Mahmoodi, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Azita Aghaei, Mahnaz Ramezani, Nahid Zainodini, Farnaz Sedghy, Fatemeh Pouya","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_511_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_511_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migration of autoreactive T cells into the brain and production of inflammatory cytokines play an undeniable role in the neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> (lavender), a medicinal plant, in an EAE model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice using the MOG35-55 peptide. Mice were divided into control and lavender-treated groups, receiving phosphate-buffered saline or lavender extract (50 or 100 mg/kg), respectively. Clinical symptoms and body weight were recorded throughout the study, and leukocyte infiltration in brain tissues was evaluated postmortem. Lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were assessed using MTT and ELISA assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lavender-treated mice showed a considerable amelioration in clinical symptoms and weight loss (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), along with reduced brain leukocyte infiltration (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Additionally, lavender extract suppressed autoreactive lymphocyte proliferation (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and decreased levels of IFN-γ (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), IL-6 (<i>P</i> < 0.01 for low dose; <i>P</i> < 0.001 for high dose), and IL-17 (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for low dose; <i>P</i> < 0.01 for high dose). Conversely, TGF-β levels increased significantly in the treated groups (<i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results cleared the immunomodulatory effects of lavender in the EAE model. Thus, this herb could be a new candidate for the reduction of damage induced by dysregulation of the immune system in MS and similar autoimmune situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"15 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12970768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147438636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Germline Pathogenic Variant of <i>TP53</i> Gene in an Iranian Pedigree with Familial Sarcoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Zahra Ebrahimi, Mehrdad Zeinalian, Mahdieh Nejadtaghi, Mohammad A Tabatabaeifar","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_73_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_73_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcomas are rare cancers that occur in mesenchymal tissues. The acknowledgment of genetic factors in these heterogeneous neoplasms could cause progress in diagnoses and targeted therapy. Sarcomas have two main categories: soft tissue and bone sarcoma. These cancers have been associated with some hereditary cancer syndrome like Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. In this research, we present a pedigree with familial sarcoma. Our proband is a young woman with osteosarcoma involving her upper jawbone. The patient had a family history of many cases of sarcoma, brain tumors, especially osteosarcoma; also, we considered the association of cancer predisposing syndrome and high rate of sarcomas in this family. By means of whole-exome sequencing, one pathogenic variant of <i>TP53</i> gene was recognized. Additional investigation like co-segregation analysis assessed the existence of this mutation in some of affected and unaffected family members and showed that probably this family is a case of familial Li-Fraumeni syndrome. This finding suggested that germline mutation of <i>TP53</i> gene play an important role in initiating and spreading sarcoma in this family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Foot and Hand Reflexology on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Pouya Zeidy, Ali Safdari, Azam Kerami, Mehdi Safarabadi","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_103_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_103_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety and pain are common challenges among patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU). This study aimed to compare the effects of hand and foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in CCU patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted between June and September 2024. Of the 131 patients assessed for eligibility, 108 were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: hand reflexology, foot reflexology, and control. Reflexology sessions were performed twice daily over three consecutive days. Anxiety was evaluated using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and pain was measured with the visual analog scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired <i>t</i>-tests, with a significance level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found among the groups regarding demographic or baseline clinical characteristics (<i>P</i> > 0.05), confirming initial group homogeneity. Following the intervention, both the hand and foot reflexology groups showed significant reductions in state and trait anxiety scores (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while the control group exhibited no significant changes. However, post-intervention pain scores did not significantly differ among the three groups (<i>P</i> = 0.563). Within-group analysis revealed a significant reduction in pain only in the hand reflexology group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hand and foot reflexology were both effective in reducing anxiety in CCU patients. Hand reflexology also demonstrated potential for reducing pain, suggesting it may serve as a useful complementary therapy in critical care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Candidate Inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2's Enzymes and Potential Disruptors of Its Structural Proteins' Interactions.","authors":"Ali Mohammadian, Mahdieh Jadaliha, Aylar Imanpour, Hamed Pourvali Moghadam, AmirHossein Jahangir","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_138_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_138_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have assessed the possible inhibitors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, experiences like that from human immunodeficiency virus have taught us that a multidrug approach will reduce the chance of viral resistance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Here, we screened 2371 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for possible inhibition of nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and expanded the work to include ligands that might interfere with the roles of structural proteins. Three different algorithms were used and suggested hits obtained using qVina were verified using Autodock Vina and leDock software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results suggest direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C might be efficient against SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drug repurposing is a promising approach for the rapid identification of potential treatments for emerging diseases such as coronavirus disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Impact of Metoclopramide versus Ondansetron on Pain Reduction Caused by Etomidate Injection in Patients under General Anesthesia.","authors":"Zahra Rahimi, Behzad Nazemroaya, Mehrdad Masoudifar, Nazanin Nazari","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_131_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_131_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Etomidate is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic commonly used for induction of general anesthesia and sedation. Preventing pain caused by etomidate injection can improve patient comfort and broaden its clinical use. This study compared the effects of metoclopramide and ondansetron on etomidate injection-related pain in patients undergoing general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial conducted at Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, from 2021 to 2022, 90 patients were randomly assigned to three groups (<i>n</i> = 30 each): metoclopramide (Group A), ondansetron (Group B), and normal saline (Group C, control). After drug administration, 0.3 mg etomidate was injected, followed by 1 mL of 2% lidocaine. Pain intensity during etomidate injection was recorded. Hemodynamic parameters-including blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂)-were measured at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes, and upon discharge from recovery. Duration of surgery and recovery were also documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group exhibited a higher mean pain score than the intervention groups. Pain intensity differed significantly between the metoclopramide and control groups (<i>P</i> = 0.001), but not between ondansetron and control (<i>P</i> = 0.762) or between metoclopramide and ondansetron (<i>P</i> = 0.675). Both metoclopramide and ondansetron effectively reduced etomidate injection pain without significant differences in hemodynamic stability or recovery duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both metoclopramide and ondansetron attenuate pain associated with etomidate injection during induction of general anesthesia, with no clear superiority of one drug over the other. Their comparable efficacy supports either as an appropriate option for preventing etomidate-related pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Efficiency of Microneedling and Tranexamic Acid Versus Microneedling and Vitamin C in the Treatment of Infraorbital Hyperpigmentation.","authors":"Nader Pazyar, Fatemeh Badakhsh, Reza Yaghoobi, Maryam Seyedtabib","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_287_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_287_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infraorbital hyperpigmentation is a common condition, and due to its multifactorial nature, it is less responsive to standard treatments. Therefore, the aim of our research was to evaluate the efficiency of microneedling and tranexamic acid with microneedling and vitamin C in the treatment of dark circles around the eyes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present research was a prospective, single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Thirty-seven female candidates who had been referred to the skin clinic of Imam Hospital of Ahvaz for treating dark circles around their eyes were included. People were divided into two groups on both sides under the eyes (right and left). For randomization, in treatment method A, microneedling and tranexamic acid were used for the right side of patient's face, microneedling and vitamin C treatment for the left side, and the opposite was considered for group B. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both methods presented dramatic advancement in all sessions compared to the baseline. There was no remarkable difference between the two groups regarding treatment methods (<i>P</i> = 0.444). The patients' consent showed no considerable difference between the two sides. Unfavorable incidents were non-permanent, with no dramatic diversity between both sides except for burning that lasted longer with microneedling and vitamin C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both tranexamic acid and vitamin C, in combination with microneedling, appear to be impressive modalities for the management of infraorbital hyperpigmentation with no remarkable side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis of the Cuboid Bone: An Unfamiliar Manifestation of a Familiar Disease.","authors":"Morteza Pourahmad, Hosein Nouri, Behrooz Ataei, Ghazaal Alavi Tabatabaei, Gholam Ali Hoghooghi, Milad Rayani","doi":"10.4103/abr.abr_268_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/abr.abr_268_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report discusses a patient with chronic ankle pain for 2 years. No respiratory symptoms were present, but her father had tuberculosis (TB) when she was four. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were elevated. Empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated. The viral panel test was negative, while the purified protein derivative (PPD) test showed >20 mm induration. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan were normal. Ankle radiograph revealed hypodense areas, osteolytic changes, and soft tissue swelling in the cuboid bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed soft tissue signal in the cuboid bone. Biopsy showed non-caseating necrotizing granulomatous reaction. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture confirmed M. tuberculosis infection. Anti-TB treatment was initiated. Skeletal TB in peripheral bones is very rare. Early-stage diagnosis can be challenging due to various potential causes, leading to irreversible complications. Thus, a high index of clinical suspicion should always be maintained. Imaging findings may be suggestive but not confirmative.</p>","PeriodicalId":94292,"journal":{"name":"Advanced biomedical research","volume":"14 ","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12885205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}