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Laboratory Course Using Zebrafish to Uncover Changing Roles of Wnt Signaling in Early Vertebrate Development. 利用斑马鱼揭示 Wnt 信号在脊椎动物早期发育中不断变化的作用的实验课程。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0070
Manuel Fiegl, Robin A Kimmel
{"title":"Laboratory Course Using Zebrafish to Uncover Changing Roles of Wnt Signaling in Early Vertebrate Development.","authors":"Manuel Fiegl, Robin A Kimmel","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2023.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Coordinated signaling pathway activity directs early patterning to set up the vertebrate body plan. Perturbations in the timing or location of signal molecule expression impacts embryo morphology and organ formation. In this study, we present a laboratory course to use zebrafish for studying the role of Wnt signaling in specifying the early embryonic axes. Students are exposed to basic techniques in molecular and developmental biology, including embryo manipulation, fluorescence microscopy, image processing, and data analysis. Furthermore, this course incorporates student-designed experiments to stimulate independent inquiry and improve scientific learning, providing an experience resembling graduate-level laboratory research. Students appreciated following vertebrate development in real-time, and principles of embryogenesis were reinforced by observing the morphological changes that arise due to signaling alterations. Scientific and research skills were enhanced through practice in experimental design, interpretation, and presentation.","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"40 11","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 3D-Printed and Freely Available Device to Measure the Zebrafish Optokinetic Response Before and After Injury. 用于测量斑马鱼受伤前后视运动反应的三维打印和免费提供的装置。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0071
Ashley Hermans, Sophia Tajnai, Allison Tieman, Sarah Young, Ashley Franklin, Mackenzie Horutz, Steven J Henle
{"title":"A 3D-Printed and Freely Available Device to Measure the Zebrafish Optokinetic Response Before and After Injury.","authors":"Ashley Hermans, Sophia Tajnai, Allison Tieman, Sarah Young, Ashley Franklin, Mackenzie Horutz, Steven J Henle","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0071","DOIUrl":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zebrafish eyes are anatomically similar to humans and have a higher percentage of cone photoreceptors more akin to humans than most rodent models, making them a beneficial model organism for studying vision. However, zebrafish are different in that they can regenerate their optic nerve after injury, which most other animals cannot. Vision in zebrafish and many other vertebrate animals, including humans, can be accessed using the optokinetic response (OKR), which is an innate eye movement that occurs when tracking an object. Because fish cannot use an eye chart, we utilize the OKR that is present in virtually all vertebrates to determine if a zebrafish has vision. To this end, we have developed an inexpensive OKR setup that uses 3D-printed and off-the-shelf parts. This setup has been designed and used by undergraduate researchers and is also scalable to a classroom laboratory setup. We demonstrate that this setup is fully functional for assessing the OKR, and we use it to illustrate the return of the OKR following optic nerve injury in adult zebrafish.</p>","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"21 2","pages":"144-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching Zebrafish Development in a STEM-Based Science Camp for Middle School Students. 在以 STEM 为基础的中学生科学营中教授斑马鱼的发育。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0082
T. Franz-Odendaal, Juan D. Carvajal-Agudelo, Sally Marchand
{"title":"Teaching Zebrafish Development in a STEM-Based Science Camp for Middle School Students.","authors":"T. Franz-Odendaal, Juan D. Carvajal-Agudelo, Sally Marchand","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2023.0082","url":null,"abstract":"Zebrafish have been used as an education tool for students of all ages and can be used in many learning environments to teach different fields of science. In this study, we focus on the biology of zebrafish. We describe an educational program within a weeklong science camp for students between 12 and 14 years old. The methodology described is based on running annual science camps over an 11-year period. In these camps, students learnt about the developmental stages of zebrafish, as well as general zebrafish biology, husbandry, ecology, behavior, and reproduction. This article describes how to provide students and educators with an educational program to explore, discover, and contribute to the ever-evolving landscape of biological understanding through active and visual learning. We describe the methodology, the evaluation, revisions to our program over time, and future directions for expansion.","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"109 1","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
β-Estradiol Supplementation Regulates Cholesterol Synthesis Independent of Unsaturated Fat Consumption in Adult Zebrafish. 补充β-雌二醇可调节成年斑马鱼的胆固醇合成,与不饱和脂肪摄入无关
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0066
Rachel V Yinger, Colin J Evangelisto, Nicholas C Tucker, Jessica M Billingsley, Samantha L St Clair
{"title":"β-Estradiol Supplementation Regulates Cholesterol Synthesis Independent of Unsaturated Fat Consumption in Adult Zebrafish.","authors":"Rachel V Yinger, Colin J Evangelisto, Nicholas C Tucker, Jessica M Billingsley, Samantha L St Clair","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a public health concern resulting in a variety of health complications, including heart disease and insulin resistance. Estrogens have been associated with a reduced risk of obesity, but this relationship remains incompletely understood. We assessed the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in mitigating complications associated with obesity by supplementing E2 in the diets of overfed zebrafish. We report that dietary E2 supplementation protects against weight gain and modulates <i>de novo</i> cholesterol synthesis in a sex-specific manner. Our studies lead us to propose a model in which E2 regulates <i>hmgcr</i> expression independently of unsaturated fat consumption. These data can be used to develop sex-specific treatments for obesity-related health conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"21 2","pages":"223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Hawaiian Ala Wai Watershed with Zebrafish. 用斑马鱼探索夏威夷阿拉威流域。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0092
Zachary Oglesby, Alanna Nicole Rillorta, Cheydon Agos, Ku'uipo Borges, Saien Cabradilla, Michael Garvin, Bryn Higuchi, Elisabeth Kamaka, Chancen Law, Matthew Liu, Grace Matsumoto, Tiffany Ng, Gemma Quiroz, Chelsea Ramiro, Jamie Saito, Malia Williams, Asia Yamada, Zane Yogi, Sidney Olson, Soaleha Shams, K. Withy, Christopher Pierret
{"title":"Exploring the Hawaiian Ala Wai Watershed with Zebrafish.","authors":"Zachary Oglesby, Alanna Nicole Rillorta, Cheydon Agos, Ku'uipo Borges, Saien Cabradilla, Michael Garvin, Bryn Higuchi, Elisabeth Kamaka, Chancen Law, Matthew Liu, Grace Matsumoto, Tiffany Ng, Gemma Quiroz, Chelsea Ramiro, Jamie Saito, Malia Williams, Asia Yamada, Zane Yogi, Sidney Olson, Soaleha Shams, K. Withy, Christopher Pierret","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2023.0092","url":null,"abstract":"The Ala Wai Canal is an artificial waterway in the tourist district of Waikiki in Honolulu, HI. Originally built to collect runoff from industrial, residential, and green spaces dedicated to recreation, the Ala Wai Canal has since experienced potent levels of toxicity due to this runoff entering the watershed and making it hazardous for both marine life and humans at current concentration, including Danio rerio (zebrafish). A community of learners at educations levels from high school to postbaccalaureate from Oahu, HI was connected through the Consortium for Increasing Research and Collaborative Learning Experiences (CIRCLE) distance research program. This team conducted research with an Investigator and team from Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, with the Ala Wai Canal as its primary subject. Through CIRCLE, research trainees sent two 32 oz bottles of Ala Wai- acquired water to a partnered laboratory at the Mayo Clinic in which zebrafish embryos were observed at differing concentrations of the sampled water against a variety of developmental and behavioral assays. Research trainees also created atlases of developmental outcomes in zebrafish following exposure to environmental toxins and tables of potential pesticide contaminants to enable the identification of the substances linked to structural defects and enhanced stress during Ala Wai water exposure experiments.","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"363 ","pages":"206-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching Fin Regeneration Using a Dominant Negative Receptor. 利用显性阴性受体进行鳍再生教学
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0062
Greta M Mahler, Barbara E Sisson
{"title":"Teaching Fin Regeneration Using a Dominant Negative Receptor.","authors":"Greta M Mahler, Barbara E Sisson","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2023.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Rising in popularity as a model organism in the classroom, zebrafish have numerous characteristics that make them ideal for teaching. In this study, we describe an experiment that helps students better understand the concept of tissue regeneration and the genes that control it. This experiment utilizes a dominant negative transgene for fgfr1 and allows students to observe the consequences of its activation. The first part of the laboratory is hands-on, and includes details of the amputation of caudal fins, heat shocking, general fish care, and visual observations. Over the course of a week, students observed the differences between the activated and unactivated transgene in the zebrafish. The second part was literature based, in which students tried to determine which gene is responsible for inhibiting regeneration. This encouraged students to sharpen their skills of deductive reasoning and critical thinking as they conduct research based on the information they receive about dominant negative receptors and transgenes. Having both a hands-on and critical thinking component in the laboratory helped synthesize the learning goals and allowed students to actively participate.","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"36 9","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whole-Mount Histochemical Protocols in Zebrafish for a Hands-On Developmental Biology Practical Course in Ecuador. 为厄瓜多尔的发育生物学实践课程提供斑马鱼全图组织化学方法。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0076
Ariel Arévalo Cuaical, Estibaliz Maitea Villaverde, Daniela Zurita-Paredes, Erika Samary Pinto-Nogales, Gabriela Bautista, Josselyn Calero, Sharon Moreira, Daniela Rosero, Felipe Varela, Andrés Romero-Carvajal
{"title":"Whole-Mount Histochemical Protocols in Zebrafish for a Hands-On Developmental Biology Practical Course in Ecuador.","authors":"Ariel Arévalo Cuaical, Estibaliz Maitea Villaverde, Daniela Zurita-Paredes, Erika Samary Pinto-Nogales, Gabriela Bautista, Josselyn Calero, Sharon Moreira, Daniela Rosero, Felipe Varela, Andrés Romero-Carvajal","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2023.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Research-based education at the undergraduate level is ideal for fostering the training of future scientists. In an undergraduate Developmental Biology course, this learning strategy requires the availability of model species and enough research reagents, not only for technique training but also for the development of student original projects. This might be challenging in most countries, where resources are limited. Hence, there is a need to develop low-cost solutions for use in the classroom. In this study, we describe the optimization and use of two low-cost protocols in zebrafish embryos for hands-on practical sessions and project-based learning in a Developmental Biology undergraduate course in Ecuador. These protocols were designed for the practical and experimental learning of vertebrate meroblastic cleavage, gastrulation, and neural crest differentiation. The proposed protocols have been previously described in the literature and use silver nitrate and alcian blue, two relatively inexpensive reagents, to label cell membranes and cartilage. The silver nitrate protocol allows the study of cell contact formation during cleavage and the identification of cellular changes during gastrulation, including yolk internalization and epiboly. The alcian blue staining allows the analysis of cranial mesenchymal differentiation into cartilage. These protocols are ideal for practical sessions due to their ease of application, quick results, adaptability to the class schedule, and robustness in the hands of beginning researchers. Finally, these protocols are adaptable for research-based class projects.","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"81 3","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alternative Splicing and Nonsense-Mediated Decay of a Zebrafish GABA Receptor Subunit Transcript. 斑马鱼GABA受体亚单位转录的选择性剪接和无义介导的衰变。
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0044
Gaia J Moisan, Nitika Kamath, Shannon Apgar, Megan Schwehr, Pooja Vedmurthy, Olivya Conner, Kyler Hayes, Cecilia Phillips Toro
{"title":"Alternative Splicing and Nonsense-Mediated Decay of a Zebrafish GABA Receptor Subunit Transcript.","authors":"Gaia J Moisan, Nitika Kamath, Shannon Apgar, Megan Schwehr, Pooja Vedmurthy, Olivya Conner, Kyler Hayes, Cecilia Phillips Toro","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0044","DOIUrl":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superfamily of Cys-loop ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors includes those that detect GABA, glutamate, glycine, and acetylcholine. There is ample evidence that many Cys-loop receptor subunit genes include alternatively spliced exons. In this study, we report a novel example of alternative splicing (AS): we show that the 68-bp exon 3 in the zebrafish <i>gabrr2b</i> gene-which codes for the ρ2b GABA<sub>A</sub>R subunit-is an alternative cassette exon. Skipping of <i>gabrr2b</i> exon 3 results in a downstream frame shift and a premature termination codon (PTC). We provide evidence in larval zebrafish that transcripts containing the PTC are subject to degradation through nonsense-mediated decay. We also compile reports of AS of homologous exons in other Cys-loop receptor genes in multiple species. Our data add to a large body of research demonstrating that exon 3 in Cys-loop receptor genes is a conserved site for AS, the effects of which can vary from novel splice-isoform generation to downregulation of gene expression through transcript degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":" ","pages":"198-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential Roles of Diet on Development and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish. 饮食对幼体斑马鱼发育和脊髓再生的不同作用
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0042
Emily J Purifoy, Karen Mruk
{"title":"Differential Roles of Diet on Development and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish.","authors":"Emily J Purifoy, Karen Mruk","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0042","DOIUrl":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for studying development and regeneration. However, there is a lack of a standardized reference diet for developmental and regeneration experiments. Most studies evaluate the rate of growth, survival, and fecundity. In this study, we compare three diets and their effects on growth and regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Fish were fed daily for 1 week with daily measurements of overall length and width of spinal injury. Fish fed a live rotifer diet grew 32%, whereas a commercially available diet only led to a 4% increase in body length. Similarly, differences in rate of regeneration were observed with over 80% of rotifer-fed larvae forming a glial bridge after injury compared to <10% of zebrafish fed with the commercial diet. Our data highlight the need for establishing a standardized diet for regeneration studies to improve research reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":"21 2","pages":"214-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of 4 Testing Arena Sizes and 11 Types of Embryo Media on Sensorimotor Behaviors in Wild-Type and chd7 Mutant Zebrafish Larvae. 4种测试场大小和11种胚胎培养基对野生型和chd7突变型斑马鱼幼体感官运动行为的影响
Zebrafish Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0052
Dana R Hodorovich, Tiara Fryer Harris, Derek F Burton, Katie M Neese, Rachael A Bieler, Vimal Chudasama, Kurt C Marsden
{"title":"Effects of 4 Testing Arena Sizes and 11 Types of Embryo Media on Sensorimotor Behaviors in Wild-Type and <i>chd7</i> Mutant Zebrafish Larvae.","authors":"Dana R Hodorovich, Tiara Fryer Harris, Derek F Burton, Katie M Neese, Rachael A Bieler, Vimal Chudasama, Kurt C Marsden","doi":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/zeb.2023.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The larval zebrafish is a highly versatile model across research disciplines, and the expanding use of behavioral analysis has contributed to many advances in neuropsychiatric, developmental, and toxicological studies, often through large-scale chemical and genetic screens. In the absence of standardized approaches to larval zebrafish behavior analysis, however, it is critical to understand the impact on behavior of experimental variables such as the size of testing arenas and the choice of embryo medium. Using a custom-built, modular high-throughput testing system, we examined the effects of 4 testing arena sizes and 11 types of embryo media on conserved sensorimotor behaviors in zebrafish larvae. Our data show that testing arena size impacts acoustic startle sensitivity and kinematics, as well as spontaneous locomotion and thigmotaxis, with fish tested in larger arenas displaying reduced startle sensitivity and increased locomotion. We also find that embryo media can dramatically affect startle sensitivity, kinematics, habituation, and prepulse inhibition, as well as spontaneous swimming, turning, and overall activity. Common medium components such as methylene blue and high calcium concentration consistently reduced startle sensitivity and locomotion. To further address how the choice of embryo medium can impact phenotype expression in zebrafish models of disease, we reared <i>chd7</i> mutant larvae, a model of CHARGE syndrome with previously characterized morphological and behavioral phenotypes, in five different types of media and observed impacts on all phenotypes. By defining the effects of these key extrinsic factors on larval zebrafish behavior, these data can help researchers select the most appropriate conditions for their specific research questions, particularly for genetic and chemical screens.</p>","PeriodicalId":94273,"journal":{"name":"Zebrafish","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10902501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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