Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Covalent Organic Frameworks as Next-Generation Photosensitizers: Mechanistic Underpinnings and Emerging Advances in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Mingcan Zhao, Yuandong Xie, Zhenyu Ma, Weishu Zeng, Lin Wang, Yi Li","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) offers a non-antibiotic strategy for combating drug-resistant and biofilm-associated infections, but conventional photosensitizers are limited by aggregation, poor targeting, hypoxia, and insufficient biofilm penetration. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide structurally programmable platforms that can organize photoactive units, modulate excited-state evolution, regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and integrate bacterial targeting or microenvironment-responsive functions. This review examines COF-based aPDT from a structure-photophysics-ROS-biological response perspective. We discuss the structural identity of COF-based platforms, core photodynamic mechanisms, photoactive building blocks, and enhancement strategies including metal coupling, targeting engineering, responsive release, photothermal assistance, and multimodal therapy. Current challenges, including mechanistic over-attribution, biofilm-relevant validation, oxygen dependence, stability, biosafety, and standardization, are critically analyzed. Finally, we highlight mechanism-guided design and translational evaluation as key requirements for advancing COF-based aPDT toward clinically relevant antimicrobial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable Immunity: DNA Nanostructures in Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Aayushi Vyas, Bhagyesh Parmar, Payal Vaswani, Dhiraj Bhatia, Raghu Solanki","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant progress in cancer immunotherapy, challenges such as limited immune activation, tumor immune evasion, low response rates in solid tumors and off-target effects continue to hinder therapeutic efficacy. These challenges necessitate strategies to remodel the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) into an immune activated state. Over the past decade, nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies have gained considerable attention for their ability to modulate the TME and stimulate immune responses. Among these, DNA nanotechnology-based systems have emerged as highly promising candidates due to their inherent immunomodulatory, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. This review discusses recent advances in DNA nanostructures including tetrahedrons, nanotubes, nanocages, spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), DNA hybrid nanomaterials and DNA/RNA hybrids, highlighting their immunotherapeutic mechanisms and potential to enhance cellular uptake, immune cell targeting and activation of key pathways. Preclinical studies demonstrate that DNA nanostructures such as DNA tetrahedrons can induce immunogenic cell death, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and dendritic cell maturation, while DNA nanovaccines and CpG-functionalized DNA origami activate TLR9 and STING pathways to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antigen-presenting cell (APC) responses. Furthermore, DNA hydrogels and DNA-metal hybrids enable controlled drug delivery and immune stimulation. In this review, different DNA-based nanostructures have been discussed with their immunotherapeutic mechanism, emphasizing their potential to transform immune modulation strategies and overcome the challenges associated with conventional cancer therapies. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Dilemma to Breakthrough: Prospects for Clinical Application of Exosome-Hydrogel Systems in Diabetic Wound Repair.","authors":"Changna Han, Luning He, Zhu Qian, Siqi Wang, Sen Mu, Aiyang Tong, Jingli Wang, Junwei Xie, Ji Li","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wounds are refractory due to persistent inflammation and impaired angiogenesis, with traditional treatments having limited therapeutic effects. As promising cell-free therapeutic agents, exosomes can regulate wound inflammation and accelerate angiogenesis, while their clinical application is restricted by rapid in vivo clearance and short wound retention time. Functional hydrogels with excellent biocompatibility and sustained-release performance serve as ideal exosome carriers to construct intelligent composite dressings that break multiple healing barriers. This review summarizes the pathological mechanisms of diabetic wounds, the repair mechanisms of exosomes, and the fabrication strategies of exosome-loaded hydrogels. It also analyzes current challenges and prospects for the artificial intelligence-empowered research and clinical translation, providing theoretical references for the development of novel diabetic wound repair materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-Based Nanotherapeutics for Inflammatory Disorders: Current Progress and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Yumna Zaheer, Syeda Zunaira Bukhari, Unqa Mustafa, Muhammad Usman Munir, Azka Naveed, Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Sadia Zafar Bajwa, Mingwu Shen, Ayesha Ihsan","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aberrant inflammatory responses are crucial indicators of the onset and progression of diverse pathologies, including metabolic syndromes, autoimmune disorders, and neuroinflammation. The intrinsic intricacy and heterogeneity of these signaling pathways require innovative therapeutic approaches that allow precise immunomodulation while alleviating systemic toxicity. Lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNCs), including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, have emerged as transformative platforms to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents. The clinical maturity of these systems, catalyzed by the global success of lipid-based RNA vaccines, has established an initial safety and scalability of this framework, which is now being transitioned toward chronic inflammatory management. This review critically evaluates the structure-function relationships of LBNCs, examining how specific physicochemical attributes dictate their interaction with inflamed tissues. We analyze the molecular mechanisms by which LBNCs' architecture modulates key inflammatory regulators, such as cytokine networks and oxidative pathways, to achieve superior therapeutic control. Furthermore, we scrutinize the strategic selection of delivery routes and their direct impact on site-specific biodistribution and patient compliance. By addressing current bottlenecks in long-term immunocompatibility and regulatory characterization, this review provides a roadmap for engineering the next generation of bio-responsive anti-inflammatory nanomedicines. Collectively, these insights position LBNCs as a transformative paradigm for refining the precision and efficacy of modern anti-inflammatory therapy. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70081"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Targeting siRNA Delivery to Tackle Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Qingshan Yang, Zhouchun Chen, Jianchao Zhu, Tianran Chai, Fengjie Tang, Mengyu Fan, Yundong Li, Shuangxi Chen, Yang Liu, Meng Zheng","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that places an increasing burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems worldwide. Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are limited by high costs, complex administration, and reliance on advanced biomarker infrastructure, highlighting the shortcomings of existing treatment paradigms. These limitations have sparked growing interest in gene- and nucleic acid-based interventions as upstream strategies to modify AD pathogenesis. Among these, small interfering RNA (siRNA) is especially compelling because it can be rationally programmed, directed at multiple molecular pathways, and paired with rapidly evolving delivery technologies. However, the clinical translation of siRNA therapies for AD is still constrained by challenges in brain-targeted delivery, safety, and sustained efficacy. In this review, we summarize current concepts in AD pathology, highlight recent clinical and translational advances, and critically assess emerging brain-targeted siRNA delivery platforms and their key bottlenecks. Within a precision-medicine framework, brain-targeted siRNA offers the possibility of aligning patient selection, molecular targets, and delivery strategies with biomarker-defined AD endotypes. We discuss both the therapeutic promise and the realistic limitations of siRNA-based approaches for AD, outline priorities for future development, and identify key gaps that must be addressed to enable meaningful clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 5","pages":"e70076"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Precision Intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Ao Li, Qi Chen, Jingyi Zhong, Shiyu Meng, Yi Xiao, Aoxue Zhong, Yuying Zhang, Xican Zhang, Hui Guo, Xiaolin Wang","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. While conventional pharmacotherapies form the cornerstone of RA management, their efficacy is often limited by suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and severe systemic toxicity. In this context, stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms (SR-NPs) have emerged as a promising approach for precision treatment of RA, enabling on-demand drug release triggered by disease-specific endogenous (e.g., pH, ROS, enzymes, GSH, hypoxia) or exogenous (e.g., light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, heat) cues. This review provides a systematic overview of the cutting-edge applications of SR-NPs, categorizing them into endogenous (single- and multi-stimuli), exogenous (single- and multi-stimuli), and hybrid endogenous-exogenous (e.g., ROS/pH/light, GSH/heat) responsive systems. We critically evaluate the design principles, targeting mechanisms, therapeutic payloads, and performance of each category in preclinical RA models. Our analysis reveals that endogenous systems leverage the pathological microenvironment for disease-dependent actuation, exogenous platforms offer tunable spatiotemporal control, while hybrid designs represent an emerging trend toward synergistic and programmable precision. Despite promising advances in enhanced joint retention and effective inflammation suppression, key challenges concerning stimulus heterogeneity, long-term biocompatibility, and clinical translation remain to be addressed. Taken together, this work underscores the evolution of SR-NPs into intelligent and multifaceted therapeutics, thereby providing a potential framework for personalized RA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Functional Graphenic Materials for Bone Repair.","authors":"Sebastian Guajardo, Jason D Orlando, Chenyun Deng, Anne M Arnold, Stefanie A Sydlik","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene oxide (GO), a chemically versatile and biocompatible derivative of graphene, has emerged as a highly promising material in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review explores the multifaceted role of GO and other functional graphenic materials (FGMs) in supporting bone regeneration by enhancing osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and biomineralization. We begin by detailing the physiological principles of bone healing, current clinical approaches to bone repair, and the limitations they present. The discussion then progresses through the chemical foundations of GO and its derivatives, emphasizing their unique surface chemistry and tunable reactivity that enable precise functionalization for biomedical applications. Finally, we highlight the potential of FGM-based composites, with integrated biological molecules, polymers, and small organic compounds, to serve as bioactive, bioresorbable scaffolds that support bone growth and integration. By bridging material science with regenerative medicine, this review underscores the importance of GO as a versatile platform for next-generation bone regeneration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13324413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of Biocompatible Nanotube Design for High-Performance Biomaterials.","authors":"Yue Zhong, José A Lebrón, María L Moyá, Manuel López-López, Francisco J Ostos, Pilar López-Cornejo","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotubes are one-dimensional tubular structures characterized by nanoscale radial dimensions and micrometer-scale axial lengths. Their hollow inner cavity confers a high specific surface area and distinctive physicochemical properties, enabling remarkable potential in drug delivery, disease diagnostics, and tissue engineering. Extensive research into their biocompatibility and degradability establishes a solid foundation for further development and rational design. A synthesis of current data across relevant systems, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiNTs), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), anodic aluminium oxide nanotubes (AAOs), lipid nanotubes (LNTs), and polymeric nanotubes (PNTs), reveals how structural features and physicochemical properties govern biological responses and functional performance. This integration supports a unified \"structure-property-bioresponse-function\" framework, offering a conceptual roadmap and general design principles to guide the next generation of nanotube-based biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma Therapy: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Yu Guo, Keqiang Lu, Wenmiao Luo, Min Wei, Fangbao Li, Maoxiang Li, Juanjuan Peng, Mingfei Yang, Lingzhi Zhao, Hengzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wnan.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with poor prognosis, high recurrence, and limited therapeutic options. Although substantial progress has been made in drug development, effective clinical translation is still constrained by inefficient delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood brain tumor barrier (BBTB), insufficient tumor accumulation, intratumoral heterogeneity, acquired therapeutic resistance, and dose limiting systemic toxicity. Nanomedicine offers a promising strategy to address these barriers through tunable physicochemical properties, flexible surface functionalization, improved pharmacokinetics, and controllable drug release. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in nanomedicine enabled GBM therapy from four interrelated perspectives: the optimization of nanomaterial properties, the development of goal-oriented targeting strategies, the rationalization of delivery routes, and the engineering of smart stimuli-responsive nano-systems. Rather than only cataloguing representative nanoplatforms, we emphasize how material parameters, biological targeting mechanisms, delivery routes, and release behaviors are mechanistically linked to BBB or BBTB penetration, tumor accumulation, therapeutic efficacy, and translational feasibility. Importantly, we also incorporate a key failure case analysis of representative clinical and preclinical studies, highlighting why promising nanotherapeutic concepts may fail because of inadequate intratumoral distribution, insufficient survival benefit, poor patient selection, manufacturing complexity, safety concerns, or impractical trial design. By integrating delivery mechanisms, cross platform comparison, translational barriers, and future optimization principles, this review provides a critical and forward looking framework for the rational design of precise, effective, and clinically translatable nanomedicine strategies for GBM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13413253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148611630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned Media-Derived Tumor Extracellular Vesicles: Bridging Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications in Oncology.","authors":"Alaya Alkaabi, Dana Nasrallah, Roberta Giordo, Gheyath K Nasrallah, Hatem Zayed, Gianfranco Pintus","doi":"10.1002/wnan.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are major mediators of oncogenic intercellular communication. However, many studies using conditioned media (CM) recover operationally defined EV- or small EV-enriched fractions rather than biogenesis-proven exosomes. This review synthesizes evidence from CM-derived tumor EV studies and aligns their biological interpretation with current EV nomenclature, characterization, and reporting principles. We first discuss exosome biogenesis as a defined endosomal pathway and then examine how CM collection, serum handling, culture format, oxygen tension, conditioning interval, isolation strategy, storage, and co-isolated material shape EV yield, cargo composition, and apparent biological activity. Mechanistically, CM-based studies have clarified how tumor-derived EV-enriched preparations can support pre-metastatic niche formation, immune evasion through PD-L1 and regulatory RNA cargo, stromal and endothelial remodeling, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. We also evaluate EV-associated miRNA and protein biomarkers as candidate liquid-biopsy analytes, emphasizing that their diagnostic value remains assay-, cohort-, and workflow-dependent. Therapeutically, the review distinguishes mechanisms inferred from CM-derived tumor EV studies from engineered EV platforms for drug, RNA, cytokine, vaccine, or immune-agonist delivery. Across these areas, we emphasize that robust EV-specific biological interpretations require complementary and methodologically independent characterization, purity and co-isolate assessment, EV-depleted CM, add-back or rescue designs, cargo perturbation, enzymatic controls where appropriate, and dose-normalized functional assays. Advances in microfluidics, immunoaffinity capture, single-vesicle analysis, and multi-omics profiling are improving resolution, but translation will depend on standardized workflows, product- or biomarker-specific validation, scalability, potency metrics, safety, regulatory-grade quality control, and more explicit integration with in vivo and clinically annotated datasets. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94267,"journal":{"name":"Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology","volume":"18 4","pages":"e70077"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}