Theoretical medicine and bioethics最新文献_第5页

Reviewers, 2023. 审查员，2023 年。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09659-1

引用次数: 0

Age-based restrictions on reproductive care: discerning the arbitrary from the necessary. 基于年龄的生殖保健限制：区分任意性和必要性。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09648-w

Steven R Piek, Guido Pennings, Veerle Provoost

{"title":"Age-based restrictions on reproductive care: discerning the arbitrary from the necessary.","authors":"Steven R Piek, Guido Pennings, Veerle Provoost","doi":"10.1007/s11017-023-09648-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-023-09648-w","url":null,"abstract":"Policies that determine whether someone is allowed access to reproductive healthcare or not vary widely among countries, especially in their age requirements. This raises the suspicion of arbitrariness, especially because often no underlying justification is provided. In this article, we pose the question-under which circumstances is it morally acceptable to use age for policy and legislation in the first place? We start from the notion that everyone has a conditional positive right to fertility treatment. Subsequently, we set off to formulate a framework that helps to determine who should be excluded from treatment nonetheless. The framework's three core elements are: choosing and ethically justifying exclusion criteria (target), determining the actual limit between in- and exclusion (cut-off), and selecting variables that help to predict the exclusion criteria via correlation (as they are not directly measurable) (proxy). This framework allows us to show that referring to age in policy and legislation is only ethically justifiable if there is a sufficiently strong correlation with a non-directly measurable exclusion criterion. Moreover, since age is only one of many predicting variables, it should therefore not be ascribed any special status. Finally, our framework may be used as an argumentative scheme to critically assess the ethical legitimacy of policies that regulate access to (fertility) treatments in general.","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The harm threshold and Mill's harm principle. 伤害阈值与密尔的伤害原则。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09652-0

Maggie Taylor

{"title":"The harm threshold and Mill's harm principle.","authors":"Maggie Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s11017-023-09652-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-023-09652-0","url":null,"abstract":"The Harm Threshold (HT) holds that the state may interfere in medical decisions parents make on their children's behalf only when those decisions are likely to cause serious harm to the child. Such a high bar for intervention seems incompatible with both parental obligations and the state's role in protecting children's well-being. In this paper, I assess the theoretical underpinnings for the HT, focusing on John Stuart Mill's Harm Principle as its most plausible conceptual foundation. I offer (i) a novel, text-based argument showing that Mill's Harm Principle does not give justificatory force to the HT; and (ii) a positive account of some considerations which, beyond significant harm, would comprise an intervention principle normatively grounded in Mill's ethical theory. I find that substantive recommendations derived from Mill's socio-political texts are less laissez-faire than they have been interpreted by HT proponents. Justification for state intervention owes not to the severity of a harm, but to whether that harm arises from the failure to satisfy one's duty. Thus, a pediatric intervention principle derived from Mill ought not to be oriented around the degree of harm caused by a parent's healthcare decision, but rather, the kind of harm-specifically, whether the harm arises from violation of parental obligation. These findings challenge the interpretation of Mill adopted by HT proponents, eliminating a critical source of justification for a protected domain of parental liberty and reorienting the debate to focus on parental duties.","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"5-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10869433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex, demoralized. 性，士气低落。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09651-1

Ezio Di Nucci

引用次数: 0

The risk of normative bias in reporting empirical research: lessons learned from prenatal screening studies about the prominence of acknowledged limitations. 报告实证研究中规范性偏见的风险：从产前筛查研究中吸取的关于公认局限性突出性的经验教训。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09639-x

Panagiota Nakou, Rebecca Bennett

{"title":"The risk of normative bias in reporting empirical research: lessons learned from prenatal screening studies about the prominence of acknowledged limitations.","authors":"Panagiota Nakou, Rebecca Bennett","doi":"10.1007/s11017-023-09639-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-023-09639-x","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical data can be an extremely powerful and influential tool in bioethical research. However, when researchers or policy makers look for answers to ethical questions by engaging with empirical research, there can be a tendency (conscious or unconscious) to shape, report, and use empirical research in a way that confirms their own preferred ethical conclusions. This skewing effect - what we call 'normative bias' - is often so subtle it falls short of clear misconduct and thus can be difficult to call out. However, we argue that this subtle influence of bias has the potential to significantly influence debate and policy around highly sensitive ethical issues and must be guarded against. In this paper we share the lessons we have learned through a journey of self-reflection around the effect that normative bias can have when reporting on and referring to empirical data relating to ethical issues. We use a variety of papers from our area of the ethics of routine prenatal screening to illustrate these subtle but often powerfully distorting effects of bias. Our aim in doing so is not to criticise the work of others, as we recognise our own normative bias, but to improve awareness of this issue, remind the need for reflexivity to guard against our own biases, and introduce a new criterion - the idea of a 'limitation prominence assessment' - that can work as a practical way to evaluate the seriousness of the limitations of an empirical study and thus, the risks of the study being misread or misinterpreted through superficial reading.","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"589-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moyse, Ashley. Resourcing Hope for Ageing and Dying in a Broken World: Wayfaring through Despair. Anthem Press, 2022. pp. 162. $125.00. (hardcover). ISBN: 13:9781785278617. (Ebook): 10:1:1785278624. 莫耶斯，阿什利。在破碎的世界中寻找老龄化和死亡的希望：在绝望中前行。Anthem出版社，2022年。第162页$125.00。（精装本）。ISBN:13:9781785278617。（埃博拉）：10:1:1785278624。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09645-z

Tullio Proserpio

引用次数: 0

Chochinov, Harvey Max. Dignity in Care. The Human Side of Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. 184 pp. (print) ISBN 9780199380428, (online) ISBN 9780199380459. 乔奇诺夫，哈维·马克斯·尊严关怀。医学的人性一面。纽约：牛津大学出版社，2023年。184页（印刷版），ISBN 9780199380428，在线，ISBN 1978 0199380459。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09653-z

Monica Consolandi

引用次数: 0

In ethics a model is important: interview with Professor Edmund D. Pellegrino. 在伦理学中，一个模型很重要：埃德蒙·佩莱格里诺教授的访谈。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09650-2

Urh Groselj

引用次数: 0

Making sense of “the inevitable” 理解 "不可避免"

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2020-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-020-09519-8

William G. Hoy

引用次数: 0

Erratum to: The causal explanatory functions of medical diagnoses. 勘误：医学诊断的因果解释功能。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-017-9397-9

Hane Htut Maung

引用次数: 0