巴鲁克-布罗迪与正当杀人原则。

Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1007/s11017-024-09678-y
Timothy Furlan
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摘要

巴鲁克-布罗迪(Baruch Brody)在 20 世纪 70 年代初发表的一系列论文中,以及在其重要著作《堕胎与人类生命的神圣性》(1975 年)中,对有关堕胎道德和杀人伦理的辩论做出了至今仍是最严谨的哲学贡献之一。在本文中,我想批判性地研究布罗迪的论点,即在某些情况下,堕胎有时是合理的,即使是在以下情况下:(1)不能声称自卫,或(2)责任减轻,以及(3)堕胎是 "杀戮 "而非 "不救"。我认为,这种理由仅限于母亲生命受到威胁的某些情况。他最后提出的谨慎原则值得认真关注和考虑。虽然我认为布罗迪的论述很有价值,但我要指出的是,他所构建的正当杀人原则还存在一些问题。因此,我将进一步修正和补充他的最终版本,提出我自己的替代原则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Baruch Brody and the principle of justifiable homicide.

In a series of papers in the early 1970s and in his important book Abortion and the Sanctity of Human Life (1975), Baruch Brody offered what remains to this day one of the most philosophically rigorous contributions to the debate concerning the morality of abortion and the ethics of homicide more generally. In this paper I would like to critically examine Brody's argument that abortion is sometimes justifiable in some cases even when (1) one cannot claim self-defense, or (2) diminished responsibility, and (3) the abortion is a 'killing' rather than a 'not saving.' This justification, I argue, is limited to certain cases in which the life of the mother is at stake. The cautious principle which he finally formulates merits serious attention and consideration. While I find a great deal of value in Brody's discussion, I will argue that there are several difficulties with the principle of justifiable homicide he constructs. Accordingly, I will further amend and supplement his final version by offering my own alternative principle.

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