The journal of international advanced otology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Hub Genes and Molecular Pathways in Age-Related Hearing Loss: An Integrated Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Chen Qiao, Hongmei Li","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252181","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), or presbycusis, is a prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly, driven by multifactorial degenerative changes in cochlear structures such as the inner and outer hair cells, stria vascularis, and auditory nerve. Despite its significant impact on quality of life, including associations with social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline, the molecular mechanisms underlying ARHL remain incompletely understood. This study leverages bioinformatics and machine learning to identify hub genes and pathways from gene expression data, aiming to uncover novel therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Integrated analysis of 3 gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE121856, GSE197634, GSE98070) from mouse cochlear tissues, specifically auditory nerve and cochlear lateral wall of young and old CBA/CaJ mice, was performed, with batch effects removed using the sva R package and validated via principal component analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package (|logFC| ≥ 1, P < .05). Functional enrichment was performed with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses via clusterProfiler. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and analyzed in Cytoscape with cytoHubba and MCODE plugins for hub gene selection. Machine learning algorithms (LASSO and SVM-RFE) were applied to prioritize feature genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four DEGs were identified (38 upregulated, 36 downregulated), enriched in GO terms like extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis regulation, and collagen fibril organization, and KEGG pathways including ECM-receptor interaction and AGE-RAGE signaling. The PPI network highlighted hub genes such as Cd68, Mmp12, Agt, Lgals3, Lyz2, and H2-Eb1. Machine learning intersection yielded 2 key hub genes, Aplnr and Agt, both downregulated in the presbycusis group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This integrated analysis elucidates molecular alterations in ARHL, identifying Aplnr and Agt as potential hub genes that may serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets to mitigate presbycusis progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiome May Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Meniere's Disease.","authors":"Wong Kein Low","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.262424","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.262424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Meniere's disease (MD) was first described 650 years ago. It is now considered to be a multifactorial disorder involving immunological mechanisms, blood-labyrinth barrier breakdown, endolymphatic hydrops, vascular compromise, and genetic susceptibility. Chronic inflammation from both innate and adaptive immunity is evident in the inner ear, with autoimmunity and allergy possibly playing a role. Despite its long history, significant knowledge gaps in its pathogenesis remain. For example, there may be root causes from elsewhere that are contributing to these pathological processes occurring in the inner ear. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in research on the contributions of gut microbiome to human health and disease. In particular, changes in gut microbiome have been found to be associated with many disorders of the brain. The brain and the inner ear share similar vascular networks that create a physical barrier to limit paracellular diffusion. Emerging evidence shows gut dysbiosis can potentially result in sensori-neural hearing loss. Early evidence suggests changes in gut microbiome may be associated with MD, possibly via dysregulation of the arginine vasopressin/vasopressin type 2 receptor/aquaporin-2 (AVP-V2R-AQP2) signaling pathway in the inner ear from increased brain secretion of AVP. It remains to be seen if the belief that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of MD can be substantiated by future research. If so, addressing gut issues may prove to be an important strategy in the overall management of MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Non-Coding RNA PAXBP1-AS1 Is Associated with Hearing Loss in Vestibular Schwannoma via Targeting miR-124-3p.","authors":"Rui Da, Nannan Hu, Peng Chen, Yang Wang, Rui Li","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252314","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a common benign intracranial tumor that often leads to progressive hearing loss (HL). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important regulatory role in HL. This study aims to explore the clinical significance and potential regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA PAXBP1-AS1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PAXBP1-AS1 was screened through the GSE174389 dataset. Clinical data and serum were collected from 36 patients with VS-related non-HL and 47 patients with VS-related HL. The level of PAXBP1-AS1 in serum was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess its clinical significance. In vitro experiments, the expressions of PAXBP1-AS1, miR-124-3p, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by RT-qPCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry. The regulatory mechanism was speculated by target prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LncRNA PAXBP1-AS1 was downregulated in the GSE174389 dataset. PAXBP1-AS1 was expressed at low levels in VS patients with HL. The 8ROC analysis demonstrated that PAXBP1-AS1 distinguished between the HL and non-HL groups in patients with VS. Overexpression of PAXBP1-AS1 could inhibit cell activity, promote cell apoptosis, and suppress the expression of TNF-α, while silencing PAXBP1-AS1 could enhance cell activity, inhibit cell apoptosis, and promote the expression of TNF-α. miR-124-3p can target and negatively regulate PAXBP1-AS1. The miR-124-3p mimic can partially reverse the effect of overexpressing PAXBP1-AS1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAXBP1-AS1, as a diagnostic biomarker in VS-related HL, can affect HEI-193 cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory level by targeting and negatively regulating the miR-124-3p.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Bone Allograft in Mastoid Obliteration After Mastoidectomy.","authors":"Mohammad Faramarzi, Amirhossein Babaei, Ali Faramarzi, Hamed Sajjadi","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.241701","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.241701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastoid obliteration after canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWDM) is recommended to reduce both complications and recurrence. In this study, the bone allograft was used for mastoid obliteration in large cavities and reconstruction of the external auditory canal (EAC) after retrograde CWDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective, single-arm, open-label trial. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (>18 years old) who had undergone retro grade CWDM due to chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Bone allograft was used for mastoid obliteration in large cavities and for EAC reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety patients completed the study. Granulation tissue developed in 27 (30%) patients; it was mild and was managed by applying 5% trichloroacetic acid in 24 patients. Three patients underwent revision surgery due to severe granulation tissue formation. Otorrhea was observed in all 27 patients with granulation tissue (30%), but it was stopped after the application of trichloroacetic acid in 24 patients. Persistent otorrhea was reported only in 3 patients with severe granulation tissue formation. In 87 patients (96.67%), epithelialization of the mastoid cavity was completed after 2 months of follow-up. No cavity problems or bone pâté infections were seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to their availability and affordability, bone allografts present a practical option for obliteration of large mastoid cavities and reconstruction of the EAC in retrograde CWDM procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Sleep Quality, Depression and Melatonin Levels in Patients with Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus.","authors":"Nesibe Gül Yüksel Aslıer, Basri Cangül, Buse Ekim, İlker Ercan","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252274","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the relationship between tinnitus and quality of sleep is still a subject of research, serum melatonin levels may have a role. The aim was to reveal the structural similarities or dissimilarities regarding clinical features, tinnitus-related quality of life (QoL) effects, serum melatonin levels, and sleep quality in patients who have unilateral idiopathic subjective tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 83 cases (46 males, 55.4%; 37 females, 44.6%), with a median age of 51 (range: 18-73) years, were included in the study. Cluster analysis was used to analyze demographic, laboratory, clinical, and sleep-related features of the whole sample in a multivariate manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two separate sets of clusters were organized. In Cluster-2, age was older, serum melatonin levels were lower, tinnitus pitch and loudness were higher, and duration was longer; air-conduction pure tone averages were higher, Visual Analog Scale, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were also significantly higher than Cluster-1. A stronger correlation was observed between poor sleep quality and depression in Cluster-2. However, in Cluster-1 with younger cases, the negative correlation between tinnitus loudness and serum melatonin values was found to be higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The older-aged patients with lower serum melatonin levels have more severe tinnitus, worse QoL, and sleep problems compared to the younger patients. Among younger individuals, the more pronounced correlations between hearing levels, tinnitus loudness, sleep quality, and serum melatonin levels indicate that this group may particularly benefit from melatonin as a potential therapeutic option for tinnitus as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of MYO6 Variant-Associated Hereditary Hearing Loss.","authors":"Zhijing Wu, Panpan Bian, Baicheng Xu","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252391","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, with genetic factors accounting for approximately 60% of cases of congenital HL. Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder, affecting approximately 60% of cases, which is often related to hereditary patterns. The MYO6 gene encodes the unconventional myosin VI, a protein crucial for maintaining the function of inner ear hair cells and the normal structure of stereocilia. Variants in the MYO6 have been implicated in HL at loci DFNA22 and DFNB37. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity of sensorineural HL, variants at different loci within this gene result in varying degrees of hearing impairment. This review summarizes the current understanding of MYO6-related pathogenesis, provides an overview of the structure and function of the MYO6 gene, and discusses the diseases associated with various forms of MYO6 variants. The objective is to enhance the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation associated with MYO6 and to explore emerging preclinical gene therapy strategies for addressing this genetically heterogeneous disorder, while also providing insights for clinical genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Neurobrucellosis Complicated by Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Complete Vision Loss.","authors":"Mehmet Murat Günay, İlker Akyıldız, Serap Er, Dilara Söylemez, Fatma Nur Öz, Sibel Alicura Tokgöz, Murad Mutlu","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252156","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>This case report presents successful bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) in a pediatric patient with neurobrucellosis complicated by bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and irreversible bilateral vision loss. The report highlights the positive impact of CI on auditory perception and speech development in this complex clinical context. A 14-year-old girl developed acute bilateral blindness and subsequently experienced rapidly progressive bilateral SNHL despite appropriate antibiotic therapy for neurobrucellosis. In the 12th month following the onset of neurobrucellosis symptoms, she developed bilateral profound SNHL. Comprehensive preoperative audiological evaluation-including pure-tone audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response testing-revealed absent otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics, with no wave V responses at 100 dB nHL bilaterally. These findings functionally excluded auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and indicated cochlear hair cell involvement rather than retrocochlear or central auditory pathway dysfunction, supporting the potential for favorable CI outcomes. Bilateral CI was performed via the transmastoid facial recess approach within one month after the diagnosis of bilateral profound SNHL. Postoperative outcomes were excellent, with a Categories of Auditory Performance score of 7 and 100% sentence recognition at 22 months postoperatively. Vision loss remained unchanged. This case underscores that, although neurobrucellosis-related SNHL may theoretically affect any part of the auditory pathway, timely diagnosis and appropriate patient selection can provide satisfactory hearing and speech outcomes through CI in pediatric neurobrucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-Induced Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Cogan's Syndrome: A Case of Successful Cochlear Implantation in a Pediatric Patient.","authors":"Isa Tuncay Batuk, Ozlem Icoz, Merve Ozbal Batuk, Levent Sennaroglu","doi":"10.65717/iao.2025.251922","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2025.251922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause profound sensorineural hearing loss by affecting the eyes and inner ears. A case report of a 12-year-old patient with CS who underwent successful cochlear implantation is presented. The patient developed bilateral hearing loss after a COVID-19 infection and showed no improvement with multiple medical therapies. Radiological evaluation revealed round window ossification and decreased fluid intensity in the cochlea and vestibule, consistent with inner ear inflammation and early-stage ossification. Following bilateral simultaneous cochlear implant surgery, the patient exhibited a notable improvement in auditory perception scores immediately after activation. The open-set sentence recognition performance increased from 0% to 93% 3 months after cochlear implantation. This case underscores the potential role of COVID-19 as a trigger for CS and highlights the remarkable efficacy of cochlear implants in rehabilitating hearing loss in pediatric patients with this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of GAD in the Cochlear Nucleus and Superior Olivary Complex and Auditory Brainstem Response Thresholds in Fmr1-Knockout Mice.","authors":"Junjie Liu, Jiaye Tang, Datao Zou, Libin Zeng, Da Chen, Yonghua Liao, Shengqiang Chen","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.251964","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.251964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates audiogenic seizures in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice across different ages. The aim was to assess auditory thresholds and examine glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression in auditory pathways to clarify the mechanisms underlying seizure susceptibility in fragile X syndrome (FXS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fmr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) FVB mice of different ages were used. Audiogenic seizure susceptibility was evaluated using sound stimulation. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing was performed to assess auditory thresholds, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression in auditory-related brain regions was examined by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare KO and WT groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic identification confirmed Fmr1 gene knockout in all KO mice, which exhibited significantly lower seizure thresholds than WT mice (P < .05). Upon sound stimulation, KO mice displayed fear, running, and seizures with opisthotonus. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were significantly higher in KO mice at 3-4 weeks of age (P < .01), with no significant differences observed at 6-10 weeks (P > .05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher GAD expression in the auditory cortex, cochlear nucleus, and superior olivary complex of KO mice across all age groups (P < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fmr1 KO mice exhibit age-dependent audiogenic seizures associated with transiently elevated auditory thresholds and increased GAD expression. These alterations suggest an imbalance of excitatory-inhibitory signaling within auditory circuits. Importantly, the findings also support the view that seizures in FXS are not solely the result of auditory system pathology, but rather reflect broader cortical abnormalities, including impaired inhibitory interneuron function and cortical network hyperexcitability. Emphasizing cortical contributions provides a more comprehensive explanation for seizure pathogenesis in FXS and aligns with recent evidence of cortical parvalbumin neuron degeneration in Fmr1-deficient models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Options and Their outcomes in Bilateral Advanced Otosclerosis.","authors":"Swathi Ramasamy, A Senthil Vadivu, S Raghu Nandhan, Mohan Kameswaran","doi":"10.65717/iao.2026.252271","DOIUrl":"10.65717/iao.2026.252271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder that causes progressive hearing loss in the adult population. Owing to its progressive nature, a multimodal treatment approach is often required. Management options were offered to patients following comprehensive audiological and radiological evaluation, incorporating the Merkus algorithm in clinical decision-making. This study aims to compare the audiological and speech-related outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) and stapedotomy with hearing aid use in patients with bilateral advanced otosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 38 patients divided into 2 groups: Group A consisted of patients who underwent CI (n=15), and Group B comprised patients who underwent stapedotomy followed by hearing aid use (n=23). Outcomes were compared using paired t-tests both within and between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in hearing and speech outcomes post-intervention. Speech-related outcomes were superior in Group A (cochlear implant recipients) with a statistically significant P value (<.005), whereas hearing-related outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups. Vertigo and tinnitus symptoms showed greater improvement in Group A compared to the Group B cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of progressive hearing loss, early and appropriate intervention is crucial to preserve residual hearing. Cochlear implantation is effective in improving both audiological and speech outcomes, and it also alleviates symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo. Conversely, stapedotomy combined with hearing aid use remains a cost-effective management option, providing comparable audiological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}