The journal of international advanced otology最新文献

{"title":"Is Inadequate Water Intake a Risk Factor for Vestibular Disorders?","authors":"Büşra Altın, Songül Aksoy","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21303","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water is a vital nutrient for the human body system and failing to consume enough water could cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between water intake and vestibular system disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 93 patients (aged between 20 and 76 years) with vestibular disorders were analyzed in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.96 ±13.94 years (female: 45.68 ±13.45, male: 49.96 ±14.85), and 69.9% (n=65) were female. Participants were sub-categorized into diagnostic groups as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine, and persistent postural perceptual dizziness. The water intake information was analyzed for total water, plain water, and caffeinated beverages separately and compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference between vestibular neuritis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P < .001) and also between vestibular neuritis and Meniere's disease (P = .021) in terms of the intake values of plain water and total water. No significant difference was found between groups in caffeinated beverages intake (P = .151), and it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in plain water and total water intake in terms of gender (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most significant result of this study is that inadequate water intake can be a risk factor for some forms of peripheral vestibular disorders. People should be informed about the importance of drinking water and be encouraged to increase their water intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76199069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Acellular Dermal Allograft Patch on Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation.","authors":"Dong-Han Lee, Cha-Dong Yeo, Young Ho Kim","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21272","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the outcome of using the human acellular dermal allograft patch compared with the conven- tional paper patch in traumatic tympanic membrane perforation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study including 41 patients (42 ears) treated with 22 human acellular dermal allografts and 20 paper patches for acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforation from April 2013 to June 2020. The procedure was performed by applying human acellular dermal allograft or paper patches after trimming of perforation margins under local anesthesia. Patient's age, sex, cause, duration, side, location, size of perforation, and the result of healing was analyzed. The audiologic or computed tomography data were also investigated when available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in sex, age, affected side ratio, size and duration of perforation, recovery confirmation time, and audiogram results between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the size or duration of perforation between the success and failure groups. The human acellular dermal allograft and paper-patch groups showed no significant difference in the recovery confirmation time (70.7 ± 42.3 vs. 89.9 ± 119.4 days, P = .486) and recovery rate (95.5% vs. 85.0%, P = .333). However, the patch maintenance time of the human acellular dermal allograft group was statistically longer than the paper-patch group (32.9 ± 14.9 vs. 15.6 ± 19.9 days, P = .001). On multivariable regression analysis, patch material was the only parameter associated with patch maintenance time (P = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment outcomes of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation using human acellular dermal allograft showed better or similar therapeutic efficacy compared to paper patch. The important advantage of this material is to stay in situ for a sufficient time without being detached until successful healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90977535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear Implant Surgery: Virtual Reality Simulation Training and Transfer of Skills to Cadaver Dissection-A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Martin Frendø, Andreas Frithioff, Lars Konge, Per Cayé-Thomasen, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen, Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21429","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cochlear implantation requires excellent surgical skills; virtual reality simulation training is an effective method for acquiring basic competency in temporal bone surgery before progression to cadaver dissection. However, cochlear implantation virtual reality simulation training remains largely unexplored and only one simulator currently supports the training of the cochlear implantation electrode insertion. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of cochlear implantation virtual reality simulation training on subsequent cadaver dissection performance and self-directedness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a randomized, controlled trial. Eighteen otolaryngology residents were randomized to either mastoidectomy including cochlear implantation virtual reality simulation training (intervention) or mastoidectomy virtual reality simulation training alone (controls) before cadaver cochlear implantation surgery. Surgical performance was evaluated by two blinded expert raters using a validated, structured assess- ment tool. The need for supervision (reflecting self-directedness) was assessed via post-dissection questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group achieved a mean score of 22.9 points of a maximum of 44 points, which was 5.4% higher than the control group's 21.8 points (P = .51). On average, the intervention group required assistance 1.3 times during cadaver drilling; this was 41% more frequent in the control group who received assistance 1.9 times (P = .21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cochlear implantation virtual reality simulation training is feasible in the context of a cadaver dissection course. The addition of cochlear implantation virtual reality training to basic mastoidectomy virtual reality simulation training did not lead to a significant improvement of performance or self-directedness in this study. Our findings suggest that learning an advanced temporal bone procedure such as cochlear implantation surgery requires much more training than learning mastoidectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88670088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Baha® Attract System Implantations Significantly Improve the Quality of Life of Hearing-Impaired Patients in Long-Term Observations.","authors":"Joanna Marszał, Ewelina Bartkowiak, Izabela Miechowicz, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Wojciech Gawęcki","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.20110","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.20110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Baha® Attract system implantation on the quality of life of hearing-impaired patients, who were qualified for surgery due to various audiological indications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 96 patients implanted with the Baha® Attract system were asked to fill in the set of questionnaires: the Glasgow Benefit Inventory, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing-Aid Benefit, and the BAHA Aesthetic, Hygiene, and Use. Totally 79 patients responded and were then analyzed. Patients were divided into 4 groups: A: with bilateral mixed or conductive hearing loss, B: with single-sided deafness, C: with unilateral mixed or conductive hearing loss, and D: others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant improvement in quality of life measured by the Glasgow Benefit Inventory in all the analyzed groups, with a mean total score of 29.4 points (P < .001). Similarly, the evaluation by the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaire showed a significant improvement in terms of the global score in all the analyzed groups, with a mean gain of 38.6% (P < .001). There were no differences between the groups. More than 90% of patients found the Baha® Attract system easy to place on their heads and maintain good hygiene. Of all the implant users, 81% were satisfied with the final aesthetic effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implantation of the Baha® Attract system significantly improves the quality of life of hearing-impaired patients in all subjec- tive scales used. The system is effective for all audiological indications when strictly adhered to. The majority of patients are very satisfied with the aesthetic, hygienic, and utility aspects of the device.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86435785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Agmatine Against Cisplatin- Induced Cellular Apoptosis in an Auditory Cell Line.","authors":"Euyhyun Park, Se Hee Lee, Hak Hyun Jung, Gi Jung Im","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21319","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aims of this study were to evaluate the protective effects of agmatine against cisplatin-induced cellular apoptosis in an audi- tory cell line and to prove the protective mechanism of agmatine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells were co-treated with agmatine at different concentrations and 15 μM of cisplatin for 48 hours. Cell viability and proliferation were measured. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate /propidium iodide staining was performed to analyze apoptosis. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured using flow cytometry. The expression of BCL2-associated X protein and the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was measured to examine the pathway of apoptosis induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In normal conditions, the maximal protective effect occurred with 10 mM of agmatine. However, in the presence of cisplatin, the maximal protective effect was observed from 8 mM of agmatine. Thus, 8 mM was chosen as the ideal agmatine concentration for the analysis of protective effects against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Agmatine exerted a significant protective effect against 15 μM of cisplatin when applied for 48 hours and reduced the proportion of necrotic and late apoptotic cells. Agmatine did not significantly reduce the cisplatin-induced increase in reactive oxygen species but decreased the expression of BCL2-associated X protein and the activity of caspase-3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Agmatine protected against cisplatin-induced cellular apoptosis in an auditory cell line. These effects were mediated by the pro- tection of mitochondrial function and inhibition of apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73142711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landmarks for Proper Round Window Electrode Insertion in Cochlear Implantation.","authors":"Lobna El Fiky, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Samer Ahmed Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdelmoneim Teaima","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21435","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the role of landmarks for proper round window electrode insertion in cochlear implantation surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a case series study. We included 150 patients undergoing cochlear implantation in a tertiary medical center during the period from January to December 2019. Patients with inner ear malformations or ossification or revision surgery were excluded. Three surgeons partici- pated in the study. During surgery, the round window electrode insertion was marked using 5 surgical landmarks: oval window, pyramid, fustis, round window membrane, and arborization of intracochlear blood vessels. Each surgeon reported on the identification of each landmark and its reliability for round window electrode insertion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oval window and round window membrane were clearly seen by the 3 surgeons in all cases. Pyramid was seen in 94% of cases, fustis in 85%, and intracochlear wall in 90% of cases. The postoperative transorbital x-ray confirmed the intracochlear position of electrodes in all cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Round window electrode insertion can be precisely performed using these 5 surgical landmarks in straight forwards cases as well as in difficult cases. These landmarks can also assist in teaching young surgeons, in a step-wise manner, how to properly do round window electrode insertion in cochlear implantation surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72683710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Hearing in MELAS.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.22750","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.22750","url":null,"abstract":"We read with interest the article by Crundwell et al 1 about 2 patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome who manifested clinically with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment after speech development and significantly profited from unilateral implantation of a2 cochlea implant. 1 In patient 1 (53-year-old male), MELAS was found to be due to the variant m.3243A > G in MT-TL1 and in patient 2 (47-year-old male), the genetic cause of MELAS was unknown. 1 The study is appealing but has some limitations that raise concerns which need to be discussed. We disagree with the statement in the abstract that MELAS is the most common mitochondrial disorder (MID). 1 There are only few data available on the epidemiology of MIDs. 2 However, the few data reported in the literature and our own experiences suggest that non-syndromic MIDs prevail when compared with syndromic MIDs, such as MELAS. Furthermore, we do not agree with the statement in the introduction that MELAS is characterized by myelopathy and respiratory insufficiency. 1 Myelopathy is not a typical phenotypic feature of MELAS and has been only rarely reported in these patients. 3 Myelopathy is more common in leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL), a syndromic MID, in which myelopathy is a pathognomonic feature of the disease. 4 Respiratory insufficiency may develop in MELAS only in the case of affection of the respiratory muscles, the brainstem, or the lungs. It is contradictory to state that the diagnosis of MELAS was genetically confirmed and to state, at the same time, that the causative mtDNA variant","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88223886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Smile Kajal, Archana Mishra, Pooja Gupta, Arvind Kumar Kairo","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21454","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly given to all patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery. However, currently, there is no consensus if pro- phylactic usage of antibiotics in cochlear implantation accords any benefit and if the duration of such use varies according to the surgeon's experience or institutional preference. A systematic review was conducted to gather evidence on ideal duration for antibiotic prophylaxis rec- ommended for patients undergoing cochlear implantation. We registered the protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021235079) and reported the systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis statement. Of the 278 screened articles, 6 full-text original articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included. There were a total of 2081 participants in these 6 retrospective studies and all studies except 1 included both adult and pediatric populations. Antibiotic therapy was given as intervention, either as single dose or multiple doses, and compared with other group(s) receiving either no antibiotic prophylaxis or a different duration of prophylaxis. Three studies did not find any significant difference between infection rates when a different duration of antibiotic prophylaxis was given, while 2 studies found a single dose to be more efficacious, and yet another study concluded that a longer dura- tion of antibiotic prophylaxis was more beneficial. Based on the available data, the ideal duration of post-operative antibiotic therapy to be given after cochlear implant surgery could not be defined. However, administrating a single dose of intraoperative antibiotic seems to be the most consistent practice so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83560048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-invasive Method to Assess Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction in Response to Tactile Stimulation.","authors":"Oğuz Yılmaz, Şeyma Tuğba Öztürk, Sümeyra Yaman, Zeynep Alagöz, Dilara Bayazıt, Yıldırım Ahmet Bayazıt","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.21312","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.21312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The function of the tensor tympani muscle and its effects, as well as a universal testing procedure, is not yet known. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tactile stimulation on the tensor tympani muscle activity in an attempt to evaluate the functional status of the muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 20 healthy adults aged between 18 and 30 years were included. All participants had their history taken, as well as the evaluation of otoscopy, audiometry, and tympanometry. A modified reflex decay paradigm was used to evaluate the tensor tympani muscle activity, in both humans and a fresh-frozen cadaver. The tactile stimulation was applied by thumb tappings on different forehead areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reflex decay responses were in the form of the absence of a response or either a positive or negative waveform. Tactile stimulation had no impact on reflex decay recordings obtained from the cadaver. There was no significant difference between the waveforms obtained from both ears, at different stimulation frequencies, tactile stimulation areas, or the 3 successive stimuli for 1 individual in 1 ear (P > .05). Changes observed in the reflex decay test upon tactile stimulation seem to be due to tensor tympani muscle activity as supported by the previous findings in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of a tactile stimulus on the forehead is a non-invasive test method to assess tensor tympani muscle contraction. Understanding the function of the tensor tympani muscle using a non-invasive method will be helpful during the decision-making process in the practice of otology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Results of Cochlear Implantation in the Inner Ear Malformations.","authors":"Elvan Onan, Ulku Tuncer, Ozgur Surmelioglu, Muhammed Dagkiran, Suleyman Ozdemir, Ozgur Tarkan, Mustafa Mete Kiroglu","doi":"10.5152/iao.2022.20134","DOIUrl":"10.5152/iao.2022.20134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cochlear implants are arguably the most successful neural prosthesis today. Cochlear implantation has several difficulties in patients with internal ear anomalies. This study was performed to analyze intraoperative, postoperative findings, and auditory performance of 55 patients who had inner ear malformations and were treated with cochlear implants at Otorhinolaryngology Department of Çukurova University Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Auditory performances were analyzed in 30 of 55 patients. Patients with cochlear anomalies were evaluated as group I, patients with vestibular malformation as group II, and patients with the normal bone labyrinth as group III. Listening progress profiles and meaningful auditory integration scale tests were used to determine performances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison between the listening progress profiles test performance of the groups at 12th and 18th month of group I was significantly lower than other groups (P < .05) and reached at the same level after the 24th month. Comparison between the meaningful auditory integration scale test performance of groups at 24th and 36th month of group I was significantly lower than other groups (P < .05). Perilymph gusher was observed in 3 patients who had incomplete partition I malformation. Oozing was observed in 50% of incomplete partition II patients. Facial nerve traced a variant course in 4 of 55 patients and 6 patients had postoperative meningitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Initially patients with inner ear anomalies showed that the level of language development was worse than patients with normal bone anatomy. However, it was shown that they both reached the same point as a result. Facial nerve anomaly and meningitis risk is higher in patients with inner ear malformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94238,"journal":{"name":"The journal of international advanced otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10682797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89314357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}