The international journal of cardiovascular imaging最新文献

{"title":"NASCI case of the month: \"pseudo normalization of T1 values in Anderson-Fabry disease\".","authors":"Justin M Sarquiz, Elizabeth M Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03331-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03331-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that can result in cardiac dysfunction including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and conduction abnormalities (Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine vol. 10) [1]. The manifestations of AFD in women may be isolated to one organ and occur late in life due to the random inactivation of the X chromosome. This non-classic presentation may make reaching a diagnosis more difficult. In our case, a 63-year-old woman with family history of AFD presenting with chest pain underwent echocardiography which showed LVH. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed confirming LVH as well as identifying extensive late gadolinium enhancement. T1 values were normal. Despite normal T1 values and female sex, a diagnosis of cardiac involvement of AFD should still be considered and was confirmed with genetic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"641-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cardiopulmonary transit time (CPTT) measured by using dynamic rubidium cardiac PET/CT a predictor for cardiac function?","authors":"Lena C Seige, Boya Zhang, Jakob Heimer, Noel Spielhofer, Cristina Popescu, Karsten Murray, Christian La Fougère, Irene A Burger, Alexander W Sauter","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03346-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03346-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiopulmonary transit time (CPTT) represents the time needed for the circulation of blood from the right to the left ventricle. This parameter can be measured during dynamic acquisition of rubidium ([⁸²Rb]) cardiac PET/CT. To further characterize this marker, we wanted to assess the association between CPTT and parameters of cardiac function derived from echocardiography. Retrospective single center analysis of patients referred to [⁸²Rb]RbCl-PET/CT with rest/stress protocol on an integrated hybrid PET/CT system (Biograph mCT, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and echocardiography within 100 days. After intravenous injection of 7.5 MBq/kg [⁸²Rb]RbCl dynamic scans with initially 12 × 10 s frames were started. For data analysis a volume of interest (VOI) was drawn in the left and right ventricle using dedicated software. The difference between the peak time for the two time activity curves (TAC) was extracted as CPTT and normalized for heart rate (NCPTT). Associations between NCPTT and echo parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (EF_Echo) were analyzed using linear regression models. 44 patients (sex: 28 male, 16 female) were enrolled with a time difference between PET and echocardiography of 19.65 ± 23.3 days. 9 patients had a rest CPTT of 0 s, 32 patients 10 s and 3 patients 20 s. The association between EF_Echo and NCPTT revealed a significant negative correlation (beta = -0.77; CI: -1.32, -0.22; p = 0.007). Given this association, univariate predictive models for EF_Echo were applied. Root mean square error was 6.83% for the EF_PET, and 6.0% for NCPTT, which indicates a slightly higher predictive performance for the NCPTT model with a lower error. Pulmonary transit time can be estimated with [⁸²Rb]RbCl-PET/CT, with a high positive association to rest EF_Echo. However, smaller time frames than 10 s are needed, for more accurate estimation of cardiac function.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"569-577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracardiac or transesophageal echocardiography for left atrial appendage occlusion: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Eirini Beneki, Kyriakos Dimitriadis, Panagiotis Theofilis, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Panayiotis Iliakis, Argyro Kalompatsou, Panagiotis Kostakis, Markos Koukos, Stergios Soulaidopoulos, Georgios Tzimas, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Patrizio Lancellotti, Constantina Aggeli","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03330-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03330-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) appears to be a potential alternative for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Thus, a meta-analysis was performed comparing ICE vs. TEE for LAAO guidance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases from their inception to November 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18 studies (124,230 patients) were included. Technical success was higher in ICE- compared to TEE-guidance (OR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.63, p = 0.006) and fewer devices employed (SMD: -0.22, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.01, p = 0.04, I2 = 62%). ICE guidance related with more pericardial effusion/tamponade and iatrogenic residual shunts (logRR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.89, p < 0.001 and RR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.09, p = 0.02, I2 = 1%, respectively). More vascular complications were noted in ICE group (logRR: 0.45, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.78, p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ICE-guided imaging is an effective alternative to TEE in LAAO, as it shows better efficacy than TEE, considering technical success. However, the higher rates of adverse events should be carefully considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"489-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A coronary coronary-to-coronary fistula around the main pulmonary artery.","authors":"Stefan Gherca, Gregor Leibundgut, Jokin Zubizarreta-Oteiza, Philip Haaf","doi":"10.1007/s10554-024-03269-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-024-03269-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary-to-coronary fistulas are rare anomalies, often detected incidentally. These fistulas may involve complex vascular connections around major cardiac structures, such as the pulmonary artery. Functional assessments help determine clinical significance, with management typically involving observation for asymptomatic patients, while symptomatic cases may require intervention to prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"639-640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-breathing multi-parametric SASHA (mSASHA) mapping provides reliable non-contrast myocardial characterization in a pediatric and adult congenital population.","authors":"Adam B Christopher, Nyshidha Gurijala, Russell R Cross, Laura J Olivieri, Kelvin Chow","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03341-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03341-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parametric mapping has become a standard of care technique for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial edema and fibrosis. Conventional MOLLI-based T1 mapping is susceptible to many confounding effects particularly in the pediatric population. The requirement for compliant breath holds is a major limitation for younger or more ill patients. The advent of free-breathing SASHA-based multi-parametric mapping with motion correction therefore offers a significant advantage in pediatric cohorts. With IRB approval and consent/assent, children and adults with congenital heart disease underwent both conventional breath-held MOLLI-based T1 and T2 TrueFISP mapping as well as free-breathing multi-parametric SASHA assessment in the context of a clinically indicated study on a 1.5T magnet. A total of 71 subjects with mean age of 19.3 ± 8.6 years were scanned. Free-breathing multiparametric SASHA T1 and T2 values were moderately correlated with breath-held MOLLI/T2p-bSSFP (r = 0.52). Importantly free-breathing SASHA-based T1 maps were able to discriminate between patients with late gadolinium enhancement with a statistically significant difference in mean T1 values (p = 0.03). Free-breathing multiparametric SASHA allows for reliable myocardial characterization with moderate correlation to conventional breath-held T1 and T2 mapping techniques in a small and heterogenous sample of pediatric and congenital cardiac subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"549-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of global and regional myocardial blood flow quantification using dynamic solid-state detector SPECT and Tc-99 m-sestamibi or Tc-99 m-tetrofosmin in a routine clinical setting.","authors":"Wiebke Wieting, Frank M Bengel, Johanna Diekmann","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03339-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03339-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-state detector single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) enables the acquisition of dynamic data for calculation of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Here, we report about our experiences on routine clinical use and robustness using Tc-99 m-sestamibi and Tc-99 m-tetrofosmin. 307 patients underwent dynamic list-mode myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and standard static MPI for clinical workup of coronary artery disease on a dedicated cardiac SPECT camera. After exclusion of 33 scans, 274 scans were eligible for MBF and MFR calculation using a 1-tissue-compartment model. Attenuation correction was performed for all patients using an external computed tomogram. Patients underwent stress-only scans, both stress and rest scans or rest-only scans using Tc-99 m-tetrofosmin or Tc-99 m-sestamibi. 30 patients without known cardiovascular comorbidities and without perfusion defect on static scans were compared in a sub analysis. Global stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) was significantly higher than rest MBF (2.3 vs. 1.1 ml/min/g; p < 0.001), and showed a high variability among individuals. Global myocardial flow reserve (MFR) was 2.1 (range 0.5-7.8). An analysis of 30 patients without known cardiovascular comorbidities yielded similar stress MBF measures for Tc-99 m-sestamibi and Tc-99 m-tetrofosmin (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9 ml/min/g; p = 0.429). The use of attenuation correction lead to systematically lower MBF measures. Patients who underwent a one-day protocol had notably higher rest MBF (1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.46 ml/min/g; p = 0.009) and consequently a lower MFR. Summed defect scores from standard static scans and presence of cardiovascular comorbidities negatively impacted MBF and MFR. Quantitative SPECT MBF and MFR in a clinical routine setting yields flow measures in range of expectation at an albeit wide range and is comprehensibly linked with results from standard static scan and patients history of cardiovascular diseases. Use of one-day protocols and attenuation correction systematically alters quantitative results. However, SPECT-derived MBF and MFR lack clinical reliability due to less validated reference ranges and high inter-individual variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"537-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of deep learning in automated localization and interpretation of coronary artery calcification in oncological PET/CT scans.","authors":"Kuo-Chen Wu, Te-Chun Hsieh, Zong-Kai Hsu, Chao-Jen Chang, Yi-Chun Yeh, Long-Sheng Lu, Yuan-Yen Chang, Chia-Hung Kao","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03327-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03327-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a key marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) but is often underreported in cancer patients undergoing non-gated CT or PET/CT scans. Traditional CAC assessment requires gated CT scans, leading to increased radiation exposure and the need for specialized personnel. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) method to automatically detect CAC from non-gated, freely-breathing, low-dose CT images obtained from positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans. A retrospective analysis of 677 PET/CT scans from a medical center was conducted. The dataset was divided into training (88%) and testing (12%) sets. The DLA-3D model was employed for high-resolution representation learning of cardiac CT images. Data preprocessing techniques were applied to normalize and augment the images. Performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and p-values. The AI model achieved an average AUC of 0.85 on the training set and 0.80 on the testing set. The model demonstrated expert-level performance with a specificity of 0.79, a sensitivity of 0.67, and an overall accuracy of 0.73 for the test group. In real-world scenarios, the model yielded a specificity of 0.8, sensitivity of 0.6, and an accuracy of 0.76. Comparison with human experts showed comparable performance. This study developed an AI method utilizing DLA-3D for automated CAC detection in non-gated PET/CT images. Findings indicate reliable CAC detection in routine PET/CT scans, potentially enhancing both cancer diagnosis and cardiovascular risk assessment. The DLA-3D model shows promise in aiding non-specialist physicians and may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk assessment in oncological imaging, encouraging additional CAC interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"453-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of dynamic chest radiography to identify left ventricular systolic dysfunction in heart failure.","authors":"Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Shin Nagai, Ryota Ito, Kiyota Kondo, Shingo Kazama, Toru Kondo, Shiro Adachi, Kenji Furusawa, Akihito Tanaka, Ryota Morimoto, Takahiro Okumura, Toyoaki Murohara","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03332-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03332-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic chest radiography (DCR) can estimate haemodynamic parameters in heart failure (HF). However, no studies have evaluated its ability to determine cardiac systolic function in HF. This experimental study investigates the correlation between left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) and DCR image parameters in HF. Ninety-one patients with acute HF (median age, 58 years; males, 75%) (cardiologist diagnosis using the Framingham criteria) underwent DCR and transthoracic echocardiography after treatment for the uncompensated phase of HF. The LV apex pixel value (PV) change was measured by DCR. Correlations between the PV change and LVEF, as well as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of DCR, were evaluated. LVEF and LV apex PV change were correlated in all patients (R = 0.428, P < 0.001) and in patients with LVEF < 50% (n = 38; R = 0.355, P = 0.029), < 40% (n = 31; R = 0.343, P = 0.059), and < 30% (n = 23; R = 0.321, P = 0.135). There was no significant correlation for patients with LVEF ≥ 50% (n = 53; R = - 0.004, P = 0.980). The LV apex PV change rate cutoff values for identifying LVEF < 50%, < 40%, and < 30% were 9.3% (AUC: 0.761, sensitivity: 0.698, specificity: 0.789, P < 0.001), 5.5% (AUC: 0.765, sensitivity: 0.883, specificity: 0.645, P < 0.001), and 5.5% (AUC: 0.767, sensitivity: 0.838, specificity: 0.696, P < 0.001), respectively. DCR may be useful to identify LV systolic dysfunction based on LVEF in acute HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"507-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world application of CCTA with CT-FFR for coronary assessment pre-TAVI: the CT2TAVI study.","authors":"Kifah Hussain, Kevin Lee, Iva Minga, Lucas Wathen, Senthil S Balasubramanian, Natasha Vyas, Lavisha Singh, Mrinali Shetty, Jonathan R Rosenberg, Justin P Levisay, Ilya Karagodin, Jared Liebelt, Robert R Edelman, Mark J Ricciardi, Amit Pursnani","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03333-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03333-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the implementation of concomitant CAD assessment on pre-TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) planning CTA (CT angiography) aided by CT-FFR (CT-fractional flow reserve) [The CT2TAVI protocol] and investigates the incremental value of CT-FFR to coronary CT angiography (CCTA) alone in the evaluation of patients undergoing CT2TAVI. This is a prospective observational real-world cohort study at an academic health system on consecutive patients who underwent CTA for TAVI planning from 1/2021 to 6/2022. This represented a transition period in our health system, from not formally reporting CAD on pre-TAVI planning CTA (Group A) to routinely reporting CAD on pre-TAVI CTA (Group B; CT2TAVI protocol). All CTAs were retrospective ECG-gated using a dual source 192 slice CT scanner without nitrate or intravenous beta blocker premedication. We assessed downstream ICA and revascularization pre-TAVI and clinical outcomes 30 days and 1 year post-TAVI in both groups. 307 patients were included with 199 patients in Group A and 108 patients in Group B. In Group B, ICA was performed pre-TAVI in only 40.7% of patients. The use of CT-FFR, which was primarily aimed at identifying hemodynamically significant proximal vessel disease, helped avoid downstream invasive testing for 60.5% (23/38) of patients who were deemed to have obstructive proximal vessel disease using CCTA alone or had one or more uninterpretable proximal segments using CCTA. All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and need for revascularization at 1-year post-TAVI were comparable between groups with a higher trend toward heart failure hospitalizations in Group A. Routine ICA can safely be deferred pre-TAVI, with the CT2TAVI strategy using modern CT scanners aided by CT-FFR analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"523-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve and intracardiac device endocarditis: A review.","authors":"Emmanuel Daniel, Mohammed El-Nayir, Chukwunonso Ezeani, Karldon Nwaezeapu, Oboseh John Ogedegbe, Misha Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10554-024-03277-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-024-03277-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe cardiac condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, the modified Duke's criteria have been used to establish the diagnosis of IE, which includes using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. While echocardiography performs well in diagnosing native valve endocarditis, its diagnostic accuracy decreases in patients with prosthetic valves or implanted cardiac devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators. Given these limitations and advancements in cardiac imaging, including multimodal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, there has been growing interest in the utility of these techniques for diagnosing prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and Cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection (CIEDI). Although numerous studies have investigated the value of these imaging modalities, their findings have been inconsistent. This article aims to reevaluate the role of advanced imaging in diagnosing PVE and CIEDI and its impact on managing prosthetic valves and device-related infective endocarditis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Embase, and other relevant databases. Key terms such as 'infective endocarditis,' 'multimodal imaging,' 'prosthetic valve endocarditis,' '18F-FDG PET,' 'cardiac MRI,' and 'cardiac CT' were used to identify studies that investigated the role of these imaging modalities in diagnosing PVE and CIEDI. Publications with full text including randomized controlled trials, retrospective studies, case reports, case series, reviews of literature, and society guidelines were included.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"409-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}