The international journal of cardiovascular imaging最新文献

{"title":"Right ventricular to pulmonary artery uncoupling is an early predictor of poor outcome in wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Giulio Sinigiani, Laura De Michieli, Matteo d'Addazio, Lisa Portalone, Monica De Gaspari, Alessandro Lupi, Alessandro Zorzi, Francesco Tona, Cristina Basso, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Sabino Iliceto, Domenico Corrado, Stefano Nistri, Donato Mele, Alberto Cipriani","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03394-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03394-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) uncoupling assessment has prognostic value in patients with heart failure (HF). Little is known about its application in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (wtATTR-CM). This single-centre retrospective study included consecutive patients with wtATTR-CM diagnosis undergoing 2D echocardiogram. RV-PA uncoupling was evaluated with the ratios between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) or RV four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CLS) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP). Primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisation. Overall, 100 patients (91% males, median age 81 years, 85% in National Amyloid Centre (NAC) stage ≤ 2, 18% in NAC stage Ia and 82% in New York Heart Association class ≤ II) were enrolled. Over a 16-months follow up (Q1-Q3:12-24), the primary endpoint occurred in 37 patients (37%). TAPSE/sPAP (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.24, p < 0.001), RVFWLS/sPAP (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.41, p = 0.003) and RV4CLS/sPAP (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.53, p = 0.011) emerged as independent predictors of the primary endpoint and showed incremental risk prediction compared with TAPSE, RVFWLS and RV4CLS, considered as separate parameters. No differences in outcome risk prediction were observed among TAPSE/sPAP, RVFWLS/sPAP and RV4CLS/sPAP (p > 0.05). RV-PA uncoupling, as assessed by different echocardiography modalities, is an early predictor of poor outcome in patients with wtATTR-CM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of left ventricular systolic function and pathological changes using layer-specific strain in rats with myocardial hypertrophy at various disease stages.","authors":"Li Cui, Qinghui Wang, Qingyi Luo, Xuan Su, Jian Zhang, Yunchuan Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03393-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03393-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although layer-specific strains are effective for assessing cardiac function, their application in rat models at different stages of myocardial hypertrophy (MH) is immature, and their relationship with MH and myocardial fibrosis (MF) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in layer-specific strains across different disease stages and analyze their association with pathological changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A progressive MH rat model was established using isoproterenol injection and categorized into baseline, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, and 4-week groups. Echocardiographic indices and pathological differences between the five groups were assessed. The correlation between layer-specific strain parameters and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and MF was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As the disease progressed, the left ventricular (LV) dilated, with the LV wall thickening and then thinning. The left ventricular ejection fraction declined significantly in the fourth week. The endo-myocardial, mid-myocardium and epi-myocardial global longitudinal strain, along with endo-myocardial global circumferential strain (GCS) and the transmural gradient, significantly decreased in the first week, the mid-myocardium GCS in the second week, and continued to decrease as the disease progressed. The epi-myocardial GCS increased in the first week, but then decreased, becoming significantly lower than the baseline group in the third week. The degrees of MH and MF were correlated with the layer-specific strain parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Layer-specific strains maybe are valuable for early and effective monitoring of LV systolic function and pathological changes in rats with MH. Longitudinal strain is more sensitive to functional changes; endomyocardial strain reflects early LV remodeling and circumferential strain perhaps indicates disease progression and severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of low-flow state by automated machine-learning 3D echocardiography in patients with moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis and normal ejection-fraction.","authors":"Andrea Barbieri, Vera Laus, Francesca Bursi, Silvia Bonatti, Mattia Malaguti, Matteo Paolini, Giuseppe Boriani","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03398-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03398-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In aortic valve stenosis (AS), measurement of stroke volume index (SVi) by the 2D Doppler- technique is required to calculate the aortic valve area (AVA) and determine flow status but is prone to systematic errors.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of low-flow (LF) state (SVi ≤ 35 ml/m²) in patients with AS and concurrent SVi quantification by a validated 3D left ventricular volumetric method and standard 2D Doppler methods and its potential repercussions on flow status reclassification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with moderate or severe AS (≤1.5 cm² by continuity equation) and ejection fraction ≥ 50% underwent concurrent Dynamic Heart Model (DHM) evaluation with larger settings of the boundary detection sliders (end-diastolic position = 60/60; end-systolic position = 30/30).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 57 patients (median 78 years [70-85]); 40% were women. The mean AVA was 1.03 ± 0.37 cm², median 1.00 [0.73-1.20] cm². We found a significant but modest correlation between SVi assessed by DHM and 2D Doppler (Pearson corr.=0.48, p < 0.001). In the 25 patients with severe AS (AVA < 1 cm²) subgroup, 75% of patients categorized as LF by 2D Doppler were reclassified as normal flow by DHM. The observed proportion of overall agreement in these patients was 60% (Cohen's kappa = 0.178, p = 0.238), without significant correlation (Pearson coeff.: 0.358; p = 0.166).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with moderate or severe AS and normal EF, the prevalence of LF state defined as SVi ≤ 35 ml/m² may be significantly lower than previously reported when the LV volumetric metrics by DHM are employed, and the AVA is close to the replacement referral cut-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left ventricular diastolic inflow and myocardial flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease: simultaneous analysis of 4D-Flow and myocardial perfusion using hybrid PETMR.","authors":"Keiichiro Endo, Kenji Fukushima, Masataka Katahira, Takatoyo Kiko, Ryo Yamakuni, Naoyuki Ukon, Takeshi Shimizu, Shiro Ishii, Masayoshi Oikawa, Hiroshi Ito, Yasuchika Takeishi","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03387-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03387-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to simultaneously evaluate the association between diastolic left ventricular (LV) inflow and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using a hybrid PET/MR system in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-seven patients (mean 66 ± 15 years, male 55) with CAD who underwent rest-pharmacological stress ¹³N-ammonia PET/MR were included. MFR, perfusion defect, and peak filling rate (PFR) were obtained through rest-stress PET. MR acquisition was performed simultaneously during the PET scan to obtain rest-stress 4D flow. Diastolic LV inflow volume (LVinf)(mL/s), peak velocity (peakV)(cm/s), and the change from the rest scan (Δvalue) were computed. Diastolic LV inflow parameters were compared based on the presence or absence of preserved MFR and perfusion defects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all patients, diastolic LV inflow parameters significantly increased in the stress scan compared to the rest (53.7 ± 23.1 vs. 64.1 ± 32.9 ml/s, p = 0.0002; 68.1 ± 15.1 vs. 76.4 ± 20.6 cm/s, p = 0.0001 for LVinf and peakV, respectively). PeakV and PFR showed a significant correlation for rest and stress (r = 0.4, p = 0.01; r = 0.3, p = 0.03 for rest and stress, respectively).ΔpeakV significantly correlated to stress MBF, and MFR (r = 0.3, p = 0.007; r = 0.3, p = 0.04 for stress MBF, and MFR, respectively). Among patients with preserved LVEF (n = 47), when were divided into 4 subgroups based on the median myocardial flow reserve (MFR, 1.86) and the presence of perfusion defect, ΔpeakV was significantly higher in those with MFR above median and without abnormal perfusion compared to the other groups (21.8 ± 13.6 vs. 13.5 ± 17.0, 13.0 ± 13.5, and 4.6 ± 19.1; p = 0.04, 0.04, and 0.04 for MFR ≥ 1.86 or < 1.86 with or without abnormal perfusion, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-invasive assessment of diastolic intra-LV hemodynamics derived from 4D flow MR demonstrated a significant association with coronary vasodilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of water and lipid composition of perivascular adipose tissue using coronary CT angiography: a simulation study.","authors":"Shu Nie, Sabee Molloi","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03390-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03390-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of vascular inflammation via perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) compositional changes (e.g., increased water content) could improve cardiovascular risk stratification. However, CT-based measurements face variability due to tube voltage and patient size. This study aims to quantify perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) composition (water, lipid, protein) using coronary CT angiography and assess impacts of tube voltage, patient size, and positional variability on measurements. A 320-slice CT simulation generated anthropomorphic thorax phantoms (small, medium, large) with fat rings mimicking different patient sizes. Ten randomized water-lipid-protein inserts were placed within the thorax phantom. Three-material decomposition was applied using medium phantoms with different tube voltages and different patient sizes at 120 kV. PVAT CT number (HU) increased with higher tube voltages and larger patient sizes. The root-mean-squared errors (RMSE) for water volumetric fraction measurements were 0.26%, 0.64%, 0.01%, and 0.15% for 80, 100, 120, and 135 kV, respectively, and 0.19%, 0.35%, and 0.61% for small, medium, and large size phantoms at 120 kV, respectively. The root-mean-squared deviations (RMSD) were 3.52%, 2.94%, 4.96%, and 6.00% for 80, 100, 120, and 135 kV, respectively, and 3.82%, 3.74%, and 6.05% for small, medium, and large size phantoms at 120 kV, respectively. Clinically relevant water fractions spanned 17-37%, with inflammation expected to alter values by approximately 5%. The findings of this study indicate that, after accounting for the effects of tube voltage and patient size, perivascular adipose tissue CT number can be quantitatively represented in terms of its water composition. This decomposition method has the potential to enable quantification of water composition and facilitate early detection of coronary artery inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do flow-gradient groups determined by MDCT predict outcomes: validating CT stroke volume.","authors":"Faisal Rahman, Pallavi Pandey, Ankur Pandey, Matthew J Czarny, Jelani Grant, Stefan L Zimmerman","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03378-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03378-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying severe aortic stenosis can be difficult especially among patients with low-flow states compared to normal flow. Non-invasive modalities can aid in the diagnosis for timely treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, single-center study of patients with aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), we calculated stroke volume using CT blood pool based (CT-blp) analysis, echocardiogram and right heart catheterization (cath) performed before TAVR. We compared the performance of each modality in predicting 30-day and 1-year outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-hundred and forty-five patients were included with a median age of 84 (79-88) years and 52.8% females. CT-blp correlated more strongly (r = 0.60) with cath-derived stroke volume than echo (r = 0.37). After stratifying patients into groups based on flow and gradient using echo or CT-blp, there was no difference in mortality with either modality among the groups. However, the composite of mortality and hospital readmission was significantly higher in the low-flow low-gradient group (CT-blp 30-day OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.3, p < 0.01; 1-year OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.6; p = 0.04) compared to patients with normal flow high gradients when grouping was performed with CT-blp or echo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the CT performed on patients pre-TAVR, CT-blp can provide an estimation of stroke volume that correlates well with invasive evaluation. The stroke volume may be used to stratify patient populations being evaluated for TAVR into flow gradient groups when echo is limited and avoid invasive catheterization to help identify patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruptured aneurysm of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva with detachment of the tricuspid valve annulus: an unusual complication of a rare cardiac anomaly.","authors":"Nicola Ciocca, Philipp Carl Rösslhuemer, Volkhard Göber, Martha Veit, Florian Schönhoff, Emrush Rexhaj","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03391-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03391-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly, often associated with ventricular septal defects, aortic valve dysfunction, and frequently asymptomatic until rupture. Acute rupture typically occurs into the right ventricle and requires prompt surgical intervention. In this article, we describe the case of a 36-year-old female patient in good overall health who presented with ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by detachment of the commissure between the septal and anterior cusps of the tricuspid valve, resulting in severe regurgitation. The patient underwent emergent cardiac surgery, which included repair of the non-coronary sinus and tricuspid valve.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced cardiac imaging modalities in U.S. heart transplant centers: availability and distribution.","authors":"Maria Alwan, Attila Feher, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Ahmed Sayed, Ahmad El Yaman, Asim Shaikh, Mouaz H Al-Mallah","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03389-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-025-03389-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluates the availability of advanced imaging modalities, including cardiac computed tomography (CCT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac positron emission tomography (PET), and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)/optical coherence tomography (OCT), at Medicare-approved heart transplant centers across the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved the list of Medicare-approved heart transplant centers and data on physicians billing for cardiac imaging procedures from the CMS website. Addresses of billing physicians were matched with those of heart transplant centers to determine the availability of imaging modalities at each center. Additionally, we calculated the number of available imaging modalities and the median volume of studies per center. Further, we mapped heart transplant centers along with their available modalities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 129 Medicare-approved heart transplant centers, 90.7% offered CCT, 85.3% provided CMR, 74.4% had IVUS/OCT, and 55% offered cardiac PET. Only 39.5% of centers had all four modalities available. Geographic disparities were observed, with clustering of centers and modalities in the Northeast and West Coast and fewer centers in the Midwest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights disparities in the availability of advanced imaging modalities in heart transplant centers across the United States. While CCT and CMR are widely available, the availability of cardiac PET and IVUS/OCT remains limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of upfront coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.","authors":"Zhong-Fei Lu, Wei-Hua Yin, Bin Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03360-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03360-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in ruling out coronary artery stenosis ≥ 70% across all segments and its role in providing preprocedural guidance for chronic total occlusion (CTO) management in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). This study was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort comprising 347 patients with NSTE-ACS. All patients underwent CCTA immediately after being diagnosed with NSTE-ACS, followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 1 day. The diagnostic performance of CCTA in ruling out obstructive coronary stenosis was assessed using negative predictive value (NPV). Additionally, segments distal to CTO were analyzed to compare the detection capabilities of CCTA and ICA. The NPV of CCTA for ruling out coronary stenosis ≥ 70% was robust, ranging from 94.7 to 100.0% across the 18-segment model at the segment level, and 25.9% of patients had no significant stenosis and could have avoided unnecessary ICA based on CCTA findings. CCTA identified 71.0% of segments distal to CTO, significantly higher than ICA (48.8%, P < 0.001). 25.1% of patients had CTO, where CCTA provided valuable preprocedural guidance for revascularization. CCTA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in ruling out significant stenosis and provided critical information for CTO revascularization, highlighting its potential as a triaging and planning tool in NSTE-ACS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"733-742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bicuspid aortic valve imaging: one modality to rule them all?","authors":"Marco Guglielmo, Francesca Coraducci","doi":"10.1007/s10554-025-03385-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10554-025-03385-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94227,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of cardiovascular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"645-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}