The American journal of Chinese medicine最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling the Mechanisms of Active Saponins from <i>Rhizoma Anemarrhenae</i> Against Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Integrating Network Pharmacology, Cell Membrane Chromatography, and Experimental Validation.","authors":"Jing Peng, Zhongjiao Lu, Fangfang Sai, Liang Min, Xu Zhang, Dan Ru, Yaying Song, Xin Wei, Li Gao, Hai-Qiao Wang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X25500429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhizoma Anemarrhenae</i>, in which the primary active components are saponins, has shown potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanisms of action and the active saponins responsible remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of action and identify the active components of <i>Rhizoma Anemarrhenae</i> saponins (RAS). First, 24 saponin components in RAS and eight absorbed saponins in rats were identified. Then, a component-target interaction network between eight saponins and 83 targets was constructed after target refinement and SPR validation. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these targets were closely related to lipid metabolism, iron metabolism, and the AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, differentially expressed genes from RAS intervention were significantly enriched in the ferroptosis pathway. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays demonstrated that RAS could inhibit neuronal ferroptosis and alleviate cognitive impairment. Notably, the ferroptosis inducer markedly reversed the neuroprotective effects of RAS. Moreover, silencing AMPK or Nrf2 using the siRNA or AMPK inhibitor abolished the neuroprotective and ferroptosis-inhibitory effects of RAS <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>. Silencing LKB1 reversed the RAS-induced activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway, and co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that RAS could promote the LKB1-AMPK interaction. Finally, a 2D comprehensive NC/CMC system was used to screen out four potential saponins that inhibit neuronal ferroptosis, with Timosaponin B-III, Timosaponin A-I, and Timosaponin A-III being validated. In conclusion, RAS exerts anti-AD effects by enhancing the LKB1-AMPK interaction, and activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway, inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis as a result. Three saponins are identified as the active components potentially responsible for this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 4","pages":"1119-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Derived Natural Products Ameliorating Hypertension via Signaling Pathways: A Review.","authors":"Yushen Feng, Juan Zhou, Min Zhong, Didi Ma, Jian Mao, Fugui Liu, Chengxi Jiang, Xiaodan Wu, Lan Jiang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2550051X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X2550051X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than one billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension, and essential arterial hypertension is in particular a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. These conditions can lead to complications such as stroke, renal failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Despite extensive research on various antihypertensive drugs, an increasing number of people are unable to effectively control their hypertension. Further optimization of their treatment is required. Given the pathogenesis of hypertension, natural products (NPs) have emerged as a promising source of potential antihypertensive agents. NPs can prevent the development of hypertension by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular remodeling, and neurohormonal pathways. These targets provide the foundation for the application of NPs in clinical treatment. This review assesses NPs with potential antihypertensive activities published between 2019 and 2024. A total of 70 unique NPs were identified through PubMed and Web of Science. Seventy unique NPs were categorized into flavonoids (20 compounds), terpenoids (24 compounds), alkaloids (17 compounds), and plant-derived extracts (9 species). These products were classified according to their structural frameworks, and their bioactivities were briefly summarized. Future research should prioritize NPs with dual anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory properties for clinical experiments, advanced delivery systems for improved bioavailability, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating synthetic biology for scalable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B.","authors":"Shihao Zheng, Qiuyue Wang, Wenying Qi, Jinchi Xie, Xiaobin Zao, Xiaoke Li, Peng Zhang, Yongan Ye","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X25500508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) involves complex mechanisms, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced immune responses play a central role in hepatocyte injury and inflammatory necrosis. CHB infection not only drives liver pathology but also demonstrates significant extrahepatic associations which include depression, cognitive dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and thrombocytopenia. Conventional Western medicine primarily employs antiviral therapy but faces limitations which include low hepatitis B surface antigen clearance rates and frequent adverse drug reactions. In contrast, traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates therapeutic advantages in CHB management which are exemplified by <i>Artemisia capillaris</i>, Xiaochaihu Decoction and Fuzheng Huayu Tablet. Through its modulation of immune pathways and intervention in key HBV lifecycle targets, traditional Chinese medicine achieves a tripartite therapeutic synergy that combines immune reconstitution, viral suppression, and hepatic repair. Chinese medical interventions exhibit characteristic multi-ingredient, multi-target mechanisms that possess immunomodulatory effects in CHB management. Future research should employ modern technologies to elucidate these mechanisms further and thus facilitate the development of optimized treatment protocols. Standardized therapeutic approaches derived from such evidence will hold significant clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 5","pages":"1285-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification.","authors":"Bing Li, Shuanglong Mou, Chenrui Zhang, Tingting Zhu, Xingwei Hu, Mengsha Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500181","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant threat to human health worldwide. Following MI, cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo pyroptosis, exacerbating the damage caused by infarction. Ginseng may play a role in alleviating CM pyroptosis. However, further exploration is needed regarding its main active ingredients and effects. By employing network pharmacology on the active ingredients of ginseng, MI and pyroptosis, and employing molecular docking between such ingredients and pyroptosis-related proteins, we screened for the main ingredient of ginseng. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, we identified ginsenoside Rh2, which acts on MI and cell pyroptosis, as the most likely active ingredient that stably binds to pyroptosis-related proteins. We subsequently constructed a neonatal rat CM oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model <i>in vitro</i> and an MI mouse model <i>in vivo</i>. Ginsenoside Rh2 was administered, with losartan used as a positive control. In the <i>in vitro</i> OGD model, ginsenoside Rh2 increased the viability of primary rat CMs and mitigated OGD-induced pyroptosis. In the <i>in vivo</i> MI model, ginsenoside Rh2 reduced CM pyroptosis, decreased infarct size, and subsequently improved cardiac function. Our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for MI by attenuating CM pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"475-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Potential of [Formula: see text]-Sitosterol: A Comprehensive Exploration of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.","authors":"Yuzhe Zhang, Chunjiao Yang, Junhan Guo, Lirong Yan, Yanke Li, Ye Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2550048X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2550048X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper comprehensively examines the anticancer mechanisms and therapeutic potential of β-sitosterol, a naturally occurring phytosterol found in various plants. β-Sitosterol has shown significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis through various biological pathways, including inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle progression, and suppressing cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. We highlight the key mechanisms by which β-sitosterol exerts its effects, such as modulating apoptosis-related signaling pathways like those of the Bcl-2 family proteins and reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, β-sitosterol's role in disrupting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its impact on tumor metabolism, particularly in cholesterol and glucose regulation, are discussed. The article also explores the potential of β-sitosterol to enhance chemotherapy sensitivity, making it a promising adjunct in cancer treatment. Additionally, we incorporate a bibliometric analysis and network pharmacology approach to identify potential therapeutic targets and pathways influenced by β-sitosterol, providing new insights into its multifaceted anticancer activities. These findings underscore the potential of β-sitosterol as a novel anticancer agent, warranting further research and clinical investigation to optimize its future therapeutic application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 4","pages":"1241-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Saponins of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> Leaves Alleviate Vascular Dementia via the Gut-Brain Axis.","authors":"Yu Ren, Yi Sun, Lan Sun, Jin-Ling Chen, Yu-Han Chen, Shi-Yu Yan, Ling Cheng, Jia-Li Yuan, Xiao-Ya Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X25500430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the main causative factor of VD. Previous reports have confirmed that there is a relationship between VD and gut microbiota, and that some plant-based foods can improve VD through the gut-brain axis (GBA). <i>Panax notoginseng</i> leaves are a specialty food in Yunnan, China, and saponin is its main bioactive component. In this study, we investigated the effects of the total saponins of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> leaves (TSPNL) on CCH-induced VD and their potential mechanisms. In this experiment, the model was replicated using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and divided into Sham, Model, TSPNL-L, TSPNL-H and Positive drug control. At the end of the treatment, behavior, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related indices, neuronal apoptosis-related indices, gut microbiota composition, and colon and brain pathology were tested. The results showed that TSPNL attenuated CCH-induced VD, promoted BDNF synthesis, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Predictions of network pharmacology and experiments demonstrated that these beneficial effects are mediated in part through BDNF-TrKB-PI3K/Akt signaling. In addition, TSPNL prevented intestinal dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of the probiotic <i>Ligilactobacillus</i> and decreasing the abundance of the deleterious bacterium <i>Clostridia_ UCG_014_unclassified</i> relative to the model group. TSPNL was also able to partially reverse intestinal barrier disruption and inhibit intestinal inflammation and the hyperactivation of the HPA axis. The results of this study support the conclusion that TSPNL has potential in the prevention of CCH-induced VD and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 4","pages":"1155-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: The Role in Regulating KEAP1-NRF2 Pathway.","authors":"Yaling Li, Xijia Wang, Shuyue Li, Lei Wang, Ningning Ding, Yali She, Changtian Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500041","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress represents a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (KEAP1-NRF2) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating a multitude of biological processes such as inflammation, protein homeostasis, and metabolic homeostasis. In this paper, we present the findings of recent studies on the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, which have revealed that it is aberrantly regulated and induces oxidative stress injury in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and cancer. Given this evidence, targeting KEAP1-NRF2 represents a highly promising avenue for developing therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases, and thus the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies based on the targeting of the NRF2 pathway has emerged as a significant area of research interest. This paper highlights an overview of current strategies to modulate KEAP1-NRF2, as well as recent advances in the use of natural compounds and traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to providing meaningful guidelines for drug discovery and development targeting KEAP1-NRF2. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with harnessing NRF2 as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"67-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Pharmacological Research on Icaritin: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Ran Guo, Zhiping Yan, Rui Wang, Tongxuan Guo, Hao Li, Minyu Kong, Wenzhi Guo","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500089","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Epimedium</i> has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for several thousands of years. This plant is known for tonifying kidney Yang, strengthening muscles and bones, and dispelling wind and dampness. It is worth noting that icaritin, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from <i>Epimedium</i>, has received increasing attention in recent years due to its wide range of pharmacological activities. Icaritin exhibits significant therapeutic potential against various diseases, such as osteoporosis, tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma, stomach cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma), cerebral ischemia skin injury, thrombocytopenia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We review the pharmacological activities of icaritin and its potential molecular mechanisms for the treatment of related diseases. The data suggest that icaritin can have the pharmacological effects of mediating Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, AMPK/mTOR, PTEN/AKT, MAPK, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and other signaling pathways. This paper also discusses the progress of clinical trials of icaritin. Icaritin was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration in January 2022 for the treatment of advanced HCC, and has various clinical drug prospects. Although it has some disadvantages, including poor solubility, and low bioavailability, icaritin is still a prospective candidate for the development of naturally derived drugs, especially in the treatment of tumors and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to update and deepen the understanding of icaritin, and provide a theoretical basis for its further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"179-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg2 Alleviates HFD/STZ-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Pyroptosis via NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Ke Li, Ya-Jun Wang, Kun Wei, Wen-Lin Li, Yong-Bo Liu, Jun-Nan Hu, Wen-Guang Chang, Wen-Xuan Zhang, Long Chen, Wei Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2550034X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X2550034X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be the most widespread epidemic worldwide, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious diabetic complications. Its complex pathogenesis makes treatment of DN an ongoing medical challenge. Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>. C. A Meyer) is a valuable medicinal herb with a long medicinal and culinary history. Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2), an important active component in ginseng, has effective inhibitory effects on lipogenesis and hepatic glucose production. However, the potential effect and mechanism of Rg2 on DN remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Rg2 on DN in high fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-induced human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells. The results demonstrated that Rg2 significantly improved the levels of FBG, dyslipidemia and impaired kidney function in DN mice. Additionally, Rg2 decreased the phosphorylation levels of IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB p65, inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes (NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase 1), and restrained release of inflammatory factors (IL-18 and IL-1[Formula: see text]. In HG-induced HK-2 cells, Rg2 showed similar inhibitory effects on pyroptosis via NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways. Moreover, the effect of Rg2 on inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways may have a relationship to reducing the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is further supported by the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In conclusion, our findings clearly indicated that Rg2 could prevent the progress of DN by inhibiting the activation of pyroptosis-related NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting that Rg2 may be a novel and promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"909-930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mast Cells in Acupoint Sensitization: Mechanisms and Research Advances.","authors":"Ran Li, Miao Liu, Yueming Lv, Fujie Jing","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500491","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acupoint sensitization is characterized by a dynamic transition from a \"resting state\" to an \"activated state\". Research in this area holds significant implications not only for clinical acupoint selection but also for disease diagnosis. However, the biological mechanisms and material basis underlying this process require further investigation. In recent years, mast cells have been recognized as a key cellular foundation and an objective indicator of acupoint sensitization. When mechanical signals are transmitted to the subcutaneous tissue, mast cell aggregation and degranulation are induced. This leads to subsequent effects on the surrounding tissues, including blood vessels, muscles, and nerve endings, and thereby mediates the acupuncture effect. Evidence suggests that mast cells not only initiate acupuncture effects but also, through their released substances, reflect the dynamic and functional characteristics of acupoint sensitization. These cells also contribute to both central and peripheral sensitization processes. Despite recent advancements, several challenges remain in the study of acupoint sensitization, including the lack of dynamic monitoring methods, inconsistent indicators for measuring sensitization intensity, and an uncertainty regarding the potential of neurotransmitter-independent sensitization processes. This study provides an overview of mast cells and their role in the mechanism of acupoint sensitization, thereby aiming to establish a comprehensive network linking the central and peripheral systems to the neuroendocrine-immune system. The study aims to offer insights that will facilitate further exploration of the biological significance of acupoint sensitization and promote more in-depth research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1265-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}