The American journal of Chinese medicine最新文献

{"title":"Chinese Medicine in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Development Prospects.","authors":"Chaoyu Wang, Guowei Dai, Yue Luo, Chuanbiao Wen, Qingfeng Tang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500144","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has protected the health of Chinese people for thousands of years. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), various fields of TCM are facing both opportunities and challenges. This review discusses the development prospects and challenges of Chinese medicine in the AI era, emphasizing that AI, as an important tool in the process of Chinese medicine healthcare services, can assist doctors in making objective, rational and professional treatment decisions, and that AI has a strong potential for development in the field of Chinese medicine. However, the emotions, complex thoughts, and humanistic values of doctors are qualities that AI is currently unable to realize, so as the dominant player, the doctor is indispensable to the medical process. By summarizing and analyzing the current development status of AI in diagnosis, drug research, health management and education in TCM, this paper reveals the development prospects and potential risks of combining TCM with AI, and suggests that AI is an important aid for modernizing and improving the quality of TCM medical care in a coordinated manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"353-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Absorption Characteristics and Reciprocal Interactions of <i>Forsythiae Fructus</i> and <i>Lonicerae Japonicae Flos</i>-Containing Chinese Herbal Formulation with Human Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Jia-Yuan He, Fu-Lan Xiao, Qin-Yue Zheng, Chang-Hong Wang, Yi-Yue Tang, Jun-Xuan Fu, Jia-Yi Huang, Lian-Di Zhou, Qi-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500211","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal absorption of active herbal constituents plays an important role in the biomedical efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulations after oral administration. TCM compounds with low oral bioavailability can reach the distal intestine and then interact with intestinal flora, influencing the botanical pharmacological effects. In this study, <i>in vitro</i> digestion and an <i>ex vivo</i> Ussing chamber model were utilized to evaluate the intestinal absorption behavior of <i>Forsythiae Fructus</i>-<i>Lonicerae Japonicae Flos</i>-containing Yinqiao Jiedu Granule (YQJDG). It was found that the jejunum exhibited active absorption effects for some components of the formula, while the oral bioavailability of other herbal ingredients was low. Through further research using a combined UPLC-MS/MS and 16S rDNA sequencing technique, we studied the existence of the reciprocal interactions between YQJDG and gut microbiome. The <i>in vitro</i> fecal fermentation results showed that YQJDG significantly impacted the microbial community composition. The YQJDG markedly increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> and <i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>Macedonicus,</i> and suppressed the abundance of conditional pathogens including <i>Prevotella steorerea, Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i>, and <i>Bacteroides</i>. These effects may potentially contribute to the body's immune functions and anti-inflammatory capacities. UPLC-MS/MS analysis suggested that the fecal microbiota chemically transformed constituents with low bioavailability to more readily absorbed potentially active metabolites. These findings provided valuable insights into the absorption characteristics of YQJDG and its interaction with the gut microbiome, further facilitating our understanding of precise pharmacological mechanisms of action of this Chinese herbal formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"543-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances of Shikonin in the Molecular Mechanisms of Anticancer, Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation.","authors":"Xiaoyun Ye, Xiaohong Wu, Siheng Lian, Ruina Cai, Xianni Wei, Tingting Nan, Yumei Cai, Yonglong Su, Jinbao Wei","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X25500417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shikonin, a natural bioactive compound derived from medicinal plants, demonstrates extensive pharmacological properties in traditional Chinese medicine, and exhibits significant therapeutic potential for modern diseases such as cancers and immune-related disorders. Over the past decades, research has focused on its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies have elucidated its mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels. Shikonin exerts antitumor effects by inducing multiple cell death modalities through caspase-3 activation, ROS generation, modulation of ATF3 expression, modulation of RIP1/RIP3 signaling, and activation of the BAX/caspase-3/GSDME pyroptosis axis. Furthermore, it suppresses tumor cell proliferation, inhibits metastasis, and blocks cell cycle progression by downregulating oncogenic c-Myc and MMP2 while upregulating the cell cycle inhibitor P21. It also enhances chemosensitivity via β-catenin modulation. Furthermore, shikonin inhibits PD-L1 expression through the NF-κB/STAT3 and NF-κB/CSN5 pathways, and mediates tumor immunomodulation as a result. Its anti-inflammatory capacity is attributed to the regulation of immune cells, signaling pathways (e.g., TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6). The regulation of these processes thereby enhances anti-inflammatory responses in target organs and mitigates autoimmune diseases. This review systematically deciphers shikonin's mechanisms in tumor suppression, inflammation resolution, and immune regulation, offering novel insights for interdisciplinary research bridging oncology, immunology, and inflammation biology, and laying a foundation for advancing immune-modulating cancer therapies and autoimmune disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 4","pages":"1093-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Artificial Intelligence-Driven Diagnostic Models for Traditional Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Lan Wang, Kaiqiang Tang, Yan Wang, Peng Zhang, Shao Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500259","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system with distinctive ethnic characteristics. TCM diagnosis, underpinned by unique theoretical frameworks and methodologies, continues to play a significant role in contemporary healthcare. The four fundamental diagnostic methods, inspection, auscultation-olfaction, inquiry and palpation, are inherently subjective, relying on practitioner experience. Despite its unique advantages and practical value, TCM must still take advantage of modern advancements to enhance its effectiveness and accessibility. With the rapid development of computer technology, intelligent TCM diagnosis has emerged as a promising frontier. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through large language models (LLMs), offers new avenues for enhancing TCM diagnostic practices. However, the systematic review and analysis of these technologies remains limited. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development and recent advancements in TCM diagnostic technologies, focusing on the applications of ML across various data modalities, and including images, text, and waveforms. Additionally, it explores the latest applications of LLMs within the TCM diagnostic field. Furthermore, the review discusses the prospects and challenges associated with AI-based TCM diagnosis. By systematically summarizing the latest research achievements and technological advancements, this study aims to provide directional guidance and decision support for future research and practical applications in the intersection of AI and TCM. Ultimately, this review seeks to foster the continued development and integration of intelligent TCM diagnosis into modern healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 3","pages":"647-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Nano-Delivery Strategy, and Derivative Innovation.","authors":"Hui Gong, Xiaoxuan Song, Jia Yu, Xinke Zhao, Hugang Jiang, Xiaodong Zhi, Qun Huang, Xin Xie, Xiang Li, Yingdong Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X25500909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavonoid and FDA-approved dietary supplement, is ubiquitously present in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms. Emerging evidence highlights its broad-spectrum therapeutic potential against diverse pathologies, including inflammation, cancers, organ injuries, metabolic dysfunctions, and neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, critical gaps persist in understanding its physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, and precise molecular mechanisms, and there remains only limited systematic evaluation of advanced drug delivery systems and structural modification strategies. This review comprehensively synthesizes cutting-edge advances in understanding chrysin's natural sources, physicochemical characteristics, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic features, innovative drug delivery systems, and chemical modifications. Through a rigorous analysis of peer-reviewed literature, we reveal that chrysin exerts its therapeutic effects predominantly by modulating key signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT3, NF-κB, and FOXM1/β-catenin. Despite a poor oral bioavailability, next-generation nano-platforms have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing bioavailability and targeted delivery, while structure-optimized derivatives further amplify their therapeutic index. By integrating current knowledge, this work not only provides a holistic overview of chrysin as a multifunctional bioactive compound but also identifies pressing challenges. Targeted research in these areas is imperative to unlock the full translational potential of chrysin for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":"53 8","pages":"2465-2488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM: Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17α-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats.","authors":"Yan-Jiao Xu, Zao-Qin Yu, Cheng-Liang Zhang, Xi-Ping Li, Cheng-Yang Feng, Kai Lei, Wen-Xi He, Dong Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2592003X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X2592003X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2603-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>: The Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Luqman Jameel Rather, Shazia Shaheen Mir, Showkat Ali Ganie, Mohammed A Assiri, Qing Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500880","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ginkgo biloba</i> L., an ancient medicinal tree with origins tracing back over 280 million years, holds a unique place in both traditional and modern therapeutic systems. Widely used in East Asian ethnomedicine, and increasingly validated by pharmacological research, it serves as a rich source of bioactive compounds like terpene trilactones (ginkgolides, bilobalide), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), alkaloids, proanthocyanidins, alkyl phenols, and organic/phenolic acids. This review provides a critical synthesis of <i>Ginkgo biloba's</i> traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities, and highlights its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and vasoprotective properties. In addition, recent advances in the structural transformation and semi-synthetic modification of ginkgolides are presented to offer insights into their structure-activity relationships. Beyond therapeutic roles, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> exhibits notable potential in non-pharmaceutical domains, which include its use as a natural colorant and photoprotective agent in cosmetics, and as a bio-based material in textile dyeing. Through a systematic examination of peer-reviewed literature, this review underscores <i>Ginkgo biloba's</i> multifaceted value as a promising botanical resource for both medicinal and industrial innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2403-2434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cistanche deserticola</i> Polysaccharides Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease Progression by Dynamic Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolites.","authors":"Yuan Gao, Chun-Sheng Zhang, Yan Liang, Jie Gao, Yang Liu, Ren Bu, Hong Liu, Xiao-Li Du, Li-Jun Sun, Bing Li, Gang Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500661","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cistanche deserticola</i> polysaccharides (CDPS) exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, most notably in immune modulation, anti-oxidation, and gut microbiota regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that restoring gut microbial and metabolic homeostasis may decelerate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific <i>in vivo</i> effects and underlying mechanisms of CDPS in the context of AD remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed behavioral tests, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and time-resolved metabolomic analyses to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CDPS. CDPS administration significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and reduced A[Formula: see text] deposition and Tau hyperphosphorylation in the brains of APP/PS1 Tg mice. These effects were associated with CDPS-induced modulation of gut microbial composition - especially the <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio - and regulation of <i>D</i>-Proline and Histidine metabolism. Further <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> validation confirmed that <i>D</i>-Proline and Histidine, key CDPS-associated metabolites, protected against A[Formula: see text]-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Notably, the cognitive benefits of CDPS were markedly weakened under conditions of gut microbiota disruption or immune suppression, which highlights the importance of microbial and immune system integrity in mediating its therapeutic effects. Collectively, these findings highlight gut microbial and metabolic disturbances as critical contributors to AD pathogenesis, and support CDPS as a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy. The integration of longitudinal microbiota and metabolomic profiling offers novel mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective actions of CDPS in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1785-1812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture Reprograms Gut Microbiota and Confers Cerebral Protection After Stroke through Enhanced Regulatory T Cell Response.","authors":"Yong-Lin Chen, Ling-Ling Meng, Jia-Yue Wu, Xin-Yi Yang, Ling Ouyang, Bu-Fan Wu, Hou-Xi Xu, Jia-Lin Gu, Ya-Ling Wang, Xin-Yue Jing, Sheng-Feng Lu, Shu-Ping Fu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500855","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke seriously endangers both the health and quality of life of patients. The gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in modulating communication between the gut and the nervous system, has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in stroke. Electroacupuncture (EA), which is associated with intestinal immunity, has been proven to exert significant beneficial effects in ischemic stroke, but its exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of EA on the microbiome-gut-brain axis following ischemic stroke. In rat models of ischemic stroke, EA treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and also modulated the composition, diversity, and taxonomic distribution of the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation from EA-treated donors significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and neuronal damage in the ischemic hemisphere of recipient mice, and likewise upregulated Treg cell expression to suppress immune-inflammatory responses in the brain. These results indicate that, through modulation of the gut microbiota, which in turn regulates Treg-mediated immune-inflammatory responses, EA ameliorates cerebral ischemic injury to thereby improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. This study provides new perspectives on the efficacy of EA in the treatment of ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2307-2330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geniposide Suppresses Tumor Progression Through DUOX1-Mediated Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Mei Luo, Yuelian Wang, Xiaodong Liu, Lin Liu, Li Zhu, Guo Chen, Qing Ye, Chengshi He, Xujue Xiao, Jike Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X25500600","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X25500600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the spectrum of digestive system cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a particularly formidable challenge due to its poor prognosis. Geniposide, an iridoid glucoside extracted from the fruit of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> Ellis, exhibits a diverse array of biological activities. The goal of this study is to delineate the specific roles and underlying mechanisms of geniposide on the progression of HCC. Cell viability, apoptosis and migration of Huh7 and HepG2 cells were, respectively, assessed via CCK-8, flow cytometry and trans-well assays. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed with a dihydroethidium (DHE) probe. The measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was conducted using JC-1 staining. Ferroptosis-related markers were evaluated by Western Blot assay. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in HCC cells both treated and untreated with geniposide. <i>In vivo</i> experiments were applied with the subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. <i>In vitro</i> experiments revealed that geniposide exerted a concentration-dependent suppression on cell viability and migration, concurrently eliciting apoptosis in HCC cells. Ferroptosis was identified as the main form of geniposide-induced cell death in HCC. Geniposide promoted the iron ions levels, ROS accumulation, and the expression of ferroptosis markers, which were partially reversed by the addition of deferoxamine (DFO, ferroptosis inhibitor). Intersection analysis was applied between upregulated genes of HCC cells and ferroptosis-related genes. DUOX1 was proven to be involved in geniposide-mediated roles in HCC. <i>In vivo</i> experiments further clarified the suppressive effects of geniposide on tumors. Geniposide treatment increased intracellular iron ions and induced ferroptosis in HCC. Geniposide attenuated tumor progression and oxidative stress via DUOX1-mediated ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1573-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}