The American journal of Chinese medicine最新文献

{"title":"Components from <i>Curcuma longa</i> (Turmeric) Against Hepatobiliary Diseases Based on Gut-Liver Axis: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Potential Clinical Applications.","authors":"Tianhui Gao, Shuyi Wang, Zongping Zhu, Liting Lin, Yirong Luo, Meigui Lu, Wan Liao","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500162","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turmeric is widely used worldwide, and there are many examples of its use in treating hepatobiliary diseases. The gut-liver axis is a bidirectional relationship between gut microorganisms and the liver that is closely related to the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases. This review systematically summarizes the components of turmeric. It links the studies on turmeric affecting gut microorganisms to its effects on liver and biliary diseases to explain the potential mechanism of turmeric's regulation of the gut-liver axis. Besides, ethnopharmacology, phytochemicals, and clinical adverse events associated with turmeric have been researched. Furthermore, turmeric is a safe agent with good clinical efficacy and without apparent toxicity at a certain amount. By summarizing the influence of turmeric on the liver by regulating the gut-liver axis, especially the gut microbiota, it provides a preclinical basis for using turmeric as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases based on the gut-liver axis. However, more efforts should be made to exploit its clinical application further.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"387-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Osteoarthritis: Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Shaozhuo Zhang, Jiaguo Zhan, Mai Li, Junyi Wang, Huiyou Chen, Yuxing Wang, Yuchen Fan, Bingqi Zhang, Xi Wang, Xizhe Zhang, Chongming Wu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500782","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative articular disease that leads to physical disability and reduced quality of life. The key pathological events in OA are cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation. Conventional therapies often lead to adverse effects that some patients are unwilling to endure. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) have long been known for their efficacy in treating OA with minimal side effects. The wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is believed to play a role in OA progression, but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding on how TCM may treat OA via the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing relevant research on the association between the Wnt signaling pathway and cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in OA. Meanwhile, we also summarized and categorized TCMs and their active components, such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, etc., which have shown varying efficacy in treating OA through modulation of the Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin signaling pathway. This work underscores the pivotal role of the Wnt signaling pathway in OA pathogenesis and progression, suggesting that targeting this pathway holds promise as a prospective therapeutic strategy for OA management in the future. TCMs and their active components have the potential to alleviate OA by modulating the Wnt signaling cascade. Harnessing TCMs and their active components to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway presents an encouraging avenue for delivering substantial therapeutic benefits to individuals with OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2021-2052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coptisine, the Characteristic Constituent from <i>Coptis chinensis</i>, Exhibits Significant Therapeutic Potential in Treating Cancers, Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Qiang Lu, Ying Tang, Shuang Luo, Qihai Gong, Cailan Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X2350091X","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X2350091X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naturally derived alkaloids belong to a class of quite significant organic compounds. Coptisine, a benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, is one of the major bioactive constituents in <i>Coptis chinensis</i> Franch., which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. <i>C. chinensis</i> possesses many kinds of functions, including the ability to eliminate heat, expel dampness, purge fire, and remove noxious substances. In Asian countries, <i>C. chinensis</i> is traditionally employed to treat carbuncle and furuncle, diabetes, jaundice, stomach and intestinal disorders, red eyes, toothache, and skin disorders. Up to now, there has been plenty of research of coptisine with respect to its pharmacology. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of coptisine-associated research is urgently needed. This paper was designed to summarize in detail the progress in the research of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and formulation of coptisine. The related studies included in this paper were retrieved from the following academic databases: The Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, and CNKI. The cutoff date was January 2023. Coptisine manifests various pharmacological actions, including anticancer, antimetabolic disease, anti-inflammatory disease, and antigastrointestinal disease effects, among others. Based on its pharmacokinetics, the primary metabolic site of coptisine is the liver. Coptisine is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal system, and most of it is expelled in the form of its prototype through feces. Regarding safety, coptisine displayed potential hepatotoxicity. Some novel formulations, including the [Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin-based inclusion complex and nanocarriers, could effectively enhance the bioavailability of coptisine. The traditional use of <i>C. chinensis</i> is closely connected with the pharmacological actions of coptisine. Although there are some disadvantages, including poor solubility, low bioavailability, and possible hepatotoxicity, coptisine is still a prospective naturally derived drug candidate, especially in the treatment of tumors as well as metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further investigation of coptisine is necessary to facilitate the application of coptisine-based drugs in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2121-2156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Coptis chinensis</i> and Berberine Ameliorate Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: An Integrated Microbiome-Metabolomics Study.","authors":"Rui Zhou, Yangyi Huang, Congjian Tian, Yong Yang, Zaiqi Zhang, Kai He","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500945","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Coptis chinensis</i> Franch (RC), has historically been used for the treatment of \"Xiao Ke\" and \"Xia Li\" symptoms in China. \"Xia Li\" is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea, which are similar to the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC). For the first time, this study aims to compare the anti-colitis effects of berberine (BBR) and total RC alkaloids (TRCA) and investigate the underlying metabolites and gut microbiota biomarkers. Metabolomics results showed that several colitis-related biomarkers, including lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, scopolamine-methyl-bromide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, 4-hydroxyretinoic acid, and malic acid, were significantly improved in model mice after BBR and TRCA treatments. High-dose BBR and TRCA treatments reversed the mouse colon shortening caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), alleviated bowel wall swelling, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. BBR and TRCA restored the damaged mucosa integrity in colitis mice by upregulating claudin 1 and occludin, preventing colon epithelium apoptosis by inhibiting the cleavage of caspase 3. Additionally, BBR and TRCA significantly decreased the richness of the pathogenic bacteria <i>Bacteroides acidifaciens</i> but increased the abundance of the probiotic <i>Lactobacillus spp</i>. Notably, TRCA exhibited superior anti-colitis effects to those of BBR. Thus, this agent warrants further study and application in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2195-2220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Effects of Quercetin on Bone Homeostasis: Research Updates and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Yujiang Xi, Jiayan Shen, Xiahuang Li, Yi Bao, Ting Zhao, Bo Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jian Wang, Yanyuan Bao, Jiamei Gao, Zhaohu Xie, Qi Wang, Qiu Luo, Hongling Shi, Zhaofu Li, Dongdong Qin","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500891","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The imbalance of bone homeostasis has become a major public medical problem amid the background of an aging population, which is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and fractures. Presently, most drugs used in the clinical treatment of bone homeostasis imbalance are bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen receptor modulators, and biological agents that inhibit bone resorption or parathyroid hormone analogs that promote bone formation. However, there are many adverse reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to explore potential drugs. Quercetin, as a flavonol compound with various biological activities, is widely distributed in plants. Studies have found that quercetin can regulate bone homeostasis through multiple pathways and targets. An in-depth exploration of the pharmacological mechanism of quercetin is of great significance for the development of new drugs. This review discusses the therapeutic mechanisms of quercetin on bone homeostasis, such as regulating the expression of long non-coding RNA, signaling pathways of bone metabolism, various types of programmed cell death, bone nutrients supply pathways, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and activation of Sirtuins. We also summarize recent progress in improving quercetin bioavailability and propose some issues worth paying attention to, which may help guide future research efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2077-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41184688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoporosis Intervention and the Related Regulatory Mechanism of Gut Microbiome.","authors":"Kun Li, Yiping Jiang, Nani Wang, Liyong Lai, Shengyan Xu, Tianshuang Xia, Xiaoqiang Yue, Hailiang Xin","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500866","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome (GM) has become a crucial factor that can affect the progression of osteoporosis. A number of studies have demonstrated the impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on GM and bone metabolism. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms of the relationship between osteoporosis and GM disorder and introduce several natural Chinese medicines that exert anti-osteoporosis effects by modulating the GM. It is underlined that, through the provision of the microbial associated molecular pattern (MAMP), the GM causes inflammatory reactions and alterations in the Treg-Th17 balance and ultimately leads to changes in bone mass. Serotonin and many hormones, especially estrogen, may play a crucial role in the interaction of the GM with bone metabolism. Additionally, the GM may affect the absorption of specific nutrients in the intestine, particularly minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Several natural Chinese herbs, such as <i>Sambucus Williamsii</i>, <i>Achyranthes bidentata</i> Blume, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> and <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> mushrooms, <i>Pueraria Lobata</i>, and <i>Agaricus blazei Murill</i> have exhibited anti-osteoporosis effects through regulating the distribution and metabolism of the GM. These herbs may increase the abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i>, decrease the abundance of <i>Bacteroides</i>, promote the GM to produce more SCFAs, modulate the immune response caused by harmful bacteria, and increase the proportion of Treg-Th17 to indirectly affect bone metabolism. Moreover, gut-derived 5-HT is an important target for TCM to prevent osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis. Puerarin could prevent osteoporosis by improving intestinal mucosal integrity and decrease systemic inflammation caused by estrogen deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1957-1981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pachymic Acid Prevents Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Cardiac Injury by Suppressing M1 Macrophage Polarization and NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Zhenfeng Liu, Wuming Zhou, Qingyang Liu, Zhirong Huan, Qiubo Wang, Xin Ge","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500921","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is the leading cause of death in trauma patients. Inflammation following HS can lead to cardiac damage. Pachymic acid (PA), a triterpenoid extracted from <i>Poria cocos</i>, has been found to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Our research aims to investigate the protective effects of PA against HS-induced heart damage and the underlying mechanisms involved. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with PA (7.5 or 15[Formula: see text]mg/kg) daily for three days. Subsequently, we created a rat model of HS by drawing blood through a catheter inserted into the femoral artery followed by resuscitation. The results revealed that HS led to abnormalities in hemodynamics, serum cardiac enzyme levels, and cardiac structure, as well as induced cardiac apoptosis. However, pretreatment with PA effectively alleviated these effects. PA-pretreatment also suppressed mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]) in the heart tissues of HS rats. Additionally, PA-pretreatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and M1 macrophage polarization while exaggerating M2 polarization in HS rat hearts. The study observed a decreased proportion of the expression of of M1 macrophages (CD86[Formula: see text]) and their marker (iNOS), along with an increased proportion of the expression of M2 macrophages (CD206[Formula: see text]) and their marker (Arg-1). Notably, PA-pretreatment suppressed NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway activation via inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. In conclusion, PA-pretreatment ameliorates HS-induced cardiac injury, potentially through its inhibition of the NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway. Therefore, PA treatment holds promise as a strategy for mitigating cardiac damage in HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2157-2173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49686940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Escin: An Updated Review of Its Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity.","authors":"Yunyu Wang, Xiuwei Han, Xinhuan Wan, Fengjv Niu, Changzheng Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500908","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[Formula: see text]-Escin is an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin extracted from the seeds of <i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i> (AH), which is more widely distributed. [Formula: see text]-Escin sodium has been approved by the American FDA for clinical usage. This paper is intended to summarize an updated and comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and analytical methods of [Formula: see text]-escin. Studies have shown that [Formula: see text]-escin has significant antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other activities alongside less adverse effects and higher safety than other compounds. The review shows that the pharmacological effects of [Formula: see text]-escin involve mechanisms such as ATM/[Formula: see text]H2AX, RhoA/Rock, GSK-3[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-Catenin, HER2/HER3/Akt, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and Cyclin A, p21[Formula: see text], survivin, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Caspases, TGF-[Formula: see text], MMPs, and TNF-[Formula: see text] among other inflammatory factors. [Formula: see text]-Escin has significant cytotoxicity; the use of the chitosan/xanthan gum-based polyelectrolyte complexes PA1 and PC-11 to modify it not only to reduces its toxicity, but also improves its drug efficacy. Because of this, these compounds may become a new research hotspot. [Formula: see text]-Escin <i>in vivo</i> metabolism can be converted by the CYP1A2 enzyme in the intestinal flora to produce [Formula: see text]-escin, deacylated, deglycosylated, and 21[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-crotonoyl-protoescin, and the binding rate of the plasma proteins is higher than 90%. These are mainly metabolized by the liver, kidneys, and other organs, and excreted in the form of urine and feces. The number of reports on the specific mediators of the metabolism of [Formula: see text]-escin and their mechanisms and metabolites is relatively small; furthermore, the results are vague. Therefore, a complete and in-depth exploration of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of [Formula: see text]-escin is needed to provide a more complete and effective theoretical reference for the study of its pharmacodynamic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2095-2120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49686941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoliquiritigenin Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Overcomes Chemoresistance by Destruction of Survivin.","authors":"Zhongsu Zhou, Shuangze Han, Jinzhuang Liao, Ruirui Wang, Xinfang Yu, Ming Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500957","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oncoprotein survivin plays a pivotal role in controlling cell division and preventing apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activation. Its significant contribution to tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance has been well established. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural compound, has been recognized for its powerful inhibitory effects against various tumors. However, whether ISL exerts regulatory effects on survivin and its underlying mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here, we found that ISL inhibited the viability and colony formation of OSCC, and promoted their apoptosis. The immunoblotting data showed that ISL treatment significantly decreased survivin expression. Mechanistically, ISL suppressed survivin phosphorylation on Thr34 by deregulating Akt-Wee1-CDK1 signaling, which facilitated survivin for ubiquitination degradation. ISL inhibited CAL27 tumor growth and decreased p-Akt and survivin expression <i>in vivo</i>. Meanwhile, survivin overexpression caused cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells. ISL alone or combined with cisplatin overcame chemoresistance in OSCC cells. Overall, our results revealed that ISL exerted potent inhibitory effects via inducing Akt-dependent survivin ubiquitination in OSCC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2221-2241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Composition, Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of <i>Ganoderma</i>.","authors":"Chenwang Liu, Xiaomei Song, Yuze Li, Chao Ding, Xin Li, Linwei Dan, Haonan Xu, Dongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X23500878","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X23500878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ganoderma</i> is the dried fruiting bodiy of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. or <i>Ganoderma sinense</i> Zhao, Xu et Zhang, belonging to the family <i>Polyporaceae</i>, which grows mainly in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. As a traditional Chinese medicine, <i>Ganoderma</i> has been used in China for more than 2000 years because of its medicinal properties, such as relieving cough and asthma, providing nourishment, and strengthening. Currently, more than 470 natural compounds have been obtained from the fungus, mainly including terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, and other types of compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that <i>Ganoderma</i> has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory effects. It is mainly used in clinical practice for the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy and malignant tumors, with few side effects and high safety. This paper reviews the progress of research on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications, with the goal of providing a basis for the better development and utilization of <i>Ganoderma</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1983-2040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71416436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}