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[Antibiotic consumption and resistance in human and veterinary medicine : where do we come from and where are we going ?] 人类和兽药中的抗生素消费和耐药性：我们从哪里来，我们将往哪里去？］
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-05-01
Frédéric Frippiat, Cécile Meex, Damien Thiry
{"title":"[Antibiotic consumption and resistance in human and veterinary medicine : where do we come from and where are we going ?]","authors":"Frédéric Frippiat, Cécile Meex, Damien Thiry","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance is now recognized as a major global public health threat. It results from a combination of interrelated factors : excessive or inappropriate use of antibiotics (ATB) in human and veterinary medicine, spread of bacteria and resistance genes across settings (hospitals, the community, farms, and the environment), and international circulation. In human medicine, despite ambitious European and national targets to reduce ATB consumption, progress remains limited. Although some qualitative indicators are encouraging, overall consumption remains high. In addition, resistance among key bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, continues to be a concern. In animals, the historical use of ATB, particularly as growth promoters, has contributed to the emergence of resistance. However, recent European and Belgian regulations have led to a marked reduction in sales, especially of antibiotics considered critically important for human health. Given the scarcity of new antimicrobial molecules, coordinated and sustained actions are mandatory to preserve ATB effectiveness and enable the achievement of the targets set for 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 5-6","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[One Health research at the heart of Liege University]. [列日大学中心的一项健康研究]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-05-01
Michel Moutschen
{"title":"[One Health research at the heart of Liege University].","authors":"Michel Moutschen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liege University has produced pioneers and several leading figures in fields closely related to the concept currently known as «One Health». ULiège is committed to continuing cutting-edge research in this emerging field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 5-6","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The strategic role of primary care in emerging diseases : surveillance, research, and preparedness]. [初级保健在新发疾病中的战略作用：监测、研究和防备]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-05-01
Marina Digregorio, Béatrice Scholtes, Louise Joly, Maxence Ouafik, Justine Laverdeur, Jean-Luc Belche
{"title":"[The strategic role of primary care in emerging diseases : surveillance, research, and preparedness].","authors":"Marina Digregorio, Béatrice Scholtes, Louise Joly, Maxence Ouafik, Justine Laverdeur, Jean-Luc Belche","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of primary care in monitoring and under-standing emerging diseases goes far beyond the management of common conditions. Through its proximity to the population and its ability to detect weak signals early on, primary care is an essential pillar of public health. Primary care is an indispensable arena for early detection, population data collection, and conducting integrated research as close as possible to communities. Recent experiences in Belgium, particularly in population surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, illustrate its scientific and operational relevance. European initiatives such as ECRAID and national projects led by Sciensano, such as BE-SURVID, are strengthening data structuring and crisis preparedness. However, despite these advances, there is still a lack of sustainable operational organizing of primary care research, limiting the rapid activation of studies and the coordinated deployment of field resources. Structuring, strengthening and promoting the scientific role of primary care is therefore a strategic priority for building a responsive, effective and equitable ecosystem in the face of emerging threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 5-6","pages":"388-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Monkeypox virus (mpox) reemergence and One Health : from concept to global reality]. [猴痘病毒（mpox）再次出现和同一个健康：从概念到全球现实]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-05-01
Majdouline El Moussaoui, Gilles Darcis
{"title":"[Monkeypox virus (mpox) reemergence and One Health : from concept to global reality].","authors":"Majdouline El Moussaoui, Gilles Darcis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Monkeypox virus (mpox) is a double-stranded DNA orthopoxvirus responsible for a zoonotic disease historically confined to Central and West Africa. First identified in humans in 1970, it was long regarded as an infection characterized by limited human-to-human transmission, primarily driven by repeated zoonotic spillover events from animal reservoirs, particularly rodents. The global outbreak of 2022 fundamentally reshaped this understanding by demonstrating the virus's capacity to sustain prolonged human-to-human transmission across multiple continents. This epidemiological shift has unfolded within a context of increasing anthropogenic pressures, including ecosystem disruption, biodiversity loss, intensified human-wildlife interfaces, rapid urbanisation, and expanding international mobility. In parallel, the progressive decline in population-level immunity to orthopoxviruses following the cessation of smallpox vaccination has expanded the pool of susceptible individuals. In this context, mpox represents a paradigmatic illustration of the One Health framework. Its future trajectory will depend not only on global ecological and societal dynamics but also on strengthening equitable genomic surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings where the virus has circulated for decades. Enhancing local sequencing capacity, diagnostic infrastructure, and international data sharing is essential for early detection of viral evolution and assessment of its epidemiological implications. Moreover, equitable access to prevention and clinical management tools, especially vaccination, will be a critical determinant of sustainable mpox control.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 5-6","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[How I investigate primary aldosteronism]. [我如何研究原发性醛固酮增多症]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
Maxime Coenen, Laurent Vroonen, Denis Henroteaux, Etienne Hamoir, François Jouret, Justine Huart
{"title":"[How I investigate primary aldosteronism].","authors":"Maxime Coenen, Laurent Vroonen, Denis Henroteaux, Etienne Hamoir, François Jouret, Justine Huart","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common yet still underdiagnosed cause of secondary hypertension (HTN). We report two cases illustrating the variability of its clinical presentation: one revealed by left ventricular hypertrophy, the other by refractory hypertension. These observations highlight the importance of a structured diagnostic approach to determine the PA subtype and tailor management accordingly. Early diagnosis improves blood pressure control, corrects electrolyte disturbances, and prevents aldosterone-related visceral complications. These findings also support the need for more systematic screening of this common yet often overlooked condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"236-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in non-HIV patients : diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis]. 非hiv患者的肺囊虫感染：诊断、治疗和预防。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
Romain Gaillard, Rezai Hassan Kalantari
{"title":"[Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in non-HIV patients : diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis].","authors":"Romain Gaillard, Rezai Hassan Kalantari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii, is an opportunistic fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PPJ). This is a serious and potentially fatal infection in immunocompromised individuals. This is mainly observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but also in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment immunosuppressive therapy, patients with hematological malignancies, solid tumours and organ transplants. The incidence of pneumonia has risen steadily in recent years, due to the increased use of by the increasing use of immunosuppressive medication. Its diagnosis is based on detection of the pathogen in pulmonary secretions. PPJ is associated with high morbidity and mortality (35-50 %), particularly in the absence of early diagnosis and adequate treatment (90 %). Moreover, the prognosis is poorer in these non-HIV patients. The treatment of choice is trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole (TMP-SMX). The epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment differ from those of HIV patients and will not be will not be discussed in this article devoted to non-HIV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Relugolix : the first oral GnRH receptor antagonist for the treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer]. [Relugolix：首款口服GnRH受体拮抗剂，用于治疗晚期激素敏感性前列腺癌]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
Juline Verjans, David Waltregny, François Triffaux
{"title":"[Relugolix : the first oral GnRH receptor antagonist for the treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer].","authors":"Juline Verjans, David Waltregny, François Triffaux","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relugolix is a recently introduced oral GnRH («Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone») antagonist for the management of advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Unlike GnRH agonists, it directly and rapidly suppresses LH and FSH secretion without inducing an initial testosterone surge («flare up effect»), thereby avoiding transient clinical symptom exacerbation. The phase III HERO trial demonstrated its superiority over leuprolide, showing a faster and deeper testosterone suppression along with significantly faster hormonal recovery after treatment discontinuation. Moreover, relugolix was associated with a 54 % reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, a particularly relevant benefit in this high-risk patient population. The treatment was generally well tolerated, with mostly grade 1 or 2 adverse events. Its oral formulation, once-daily dosing, and rapid reversibility position relugolix as a promising therapeutic option, especially in individualized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Which place for metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes ?] 二甲双胍在2型糖尿病治疗中的地位？］
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
André Scheen, Nicolas Paquot
{"title":"[Which place for metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes ?]","authors":"André Scheen, Nicolas Paquot","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin remains the first-line pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This clinical vignette first recalls the fundamental reasons supporting this recommendation. It then considers situations that may raise concerns, particularly in patients with renal disease and those with cardiovascular disease. Finally, several practical advises for a cautious use and an optimization of both tolerance and safety are outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"250-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Role of mobile ultrasound in the diagnosis of obstructive shock]. 【移动超声在阻塞性休克诊断中的作用】。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
Marouane Bettioui, Deeba Ali, Benoit Cardos, Yilmaz Gorur
{"title":"[Role of mobile ultrasound in the diagnosis of obstructive shock].","authors":"Marouane Bettioui, Deeba Ali, Benoit Cardos, Yilmaz Gorur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thromboembolic disease and the causes of hemodynamic shock can be assessed by rapid ultrasound at the patient's bedside, even before admission to the hospital, thanks to the increasing availability of portable ultrasound machines, particularly in mobile emergency and resuscitation services (SMUR). We report the case of a patient who presented with acute thromboembolic disease with right atrial, right ventricular, and pulmonary emboli. This case illustrates how out-of-hospital ultrasound can improve the quality of care. Indeed, early ultrasound assessment at our patient's bedside allowed us to quickly identify the cause of the shock and transport him directly to an appropriate hospital with comprehensive technical facilities, particularly in the event of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"200-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RD) : definition and illustration by a clinical case of reccurent acute pancreatitis in an adolescent]. [cftr相关疾病（CFTR-RD）：青少年复发性急性胰腺炎临床病例的定义和说明]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2026-04-01
Laura Wirth, Angélique Lhomme, Hedwige Boboli
{"title":"[CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RD) : definition and illustration by a clinical case of reccurent acute pancreatitis in an adolescent].","authors":"Laura Wirth, Angélique Lhomme, Hedwige Boboli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three components of the definition of CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RD) recently proposed by European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) are the presence of specific clinical features, the exclusion of a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), and evidence of a partially functional CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) protein, whose activity deficit does not reach the diagnostic thresholds for CF. Among the phenotypes suggestive of CFTR-RD, recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is frequently observed. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with multiple episodes of RAP, an intermediate sweat chloride test result, and two CFTR gene variants in probable compound heterozygosity (p.Phe508del/p.Arg1438Trp). This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of CFTR-RD and the importance of a multidimensional approach. Early recognition of these disorders is essential in the era of CFTR modulator therapies. Improved clinician awareness is necessary to optimize the diagnosis and management of these still underrecognized conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"81 4","pages":"231-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147694439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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