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[Targeting dyslipidaemia in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease]. [在心血管疾病一级预防中以血脂异常为目标]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
André Scheen, Caroline Wallemacq
{"title":"[Targeting dyslipidaemia in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease].","authors":"André Scheen, Caroline Wallemacq","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention of cardiovascular disease remains a key-objective from a health care point of view. The present article focuses on primary prevention, i.e. to prevent a first cardiovascular event among at-risk people. The first step is to evaluate the cardiovascular risk level (low to moderate, high, very high), which allows to fix target goals. It is especially the case regarding the management of dyslipidaemias. Lipid abnormalities are considered as a major coronary risk factor (especially, LDL or even better non-HDL cholesterol according to recent guidelines). Theoretically, it is quite easy to control this risk factor thanks to available lipid-lowering drugs, yet this goal remains insufficiently reached in clinical practice. The second step is to prescribe, in addition to life-style measures, the best pharmacological treatment. In most cases, it is a statin that should be well titrated, eventually combined with ezetimibe and/or bempedoic acid, to reach the set objectives. Finally, it is important to convince the at-risk individual by providing the valuable information regarding the benefits/risks ratio of the therapy and to verify a good drug compliance in the long run. Indeed, as dyslipidaemia is asymptomatic, people in primary prevention too easily tend to neglect (and eventually stop) the valuable therapy, also because statins have been widely (yet unfairly) criticized by some people in recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"385-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Vaccines in adults : an underestimated pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention]. [成人疫苗：被低估的心血管疾病预防支柱]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Michel Moutschen
{"title":"[Vaccines in adults : an underestimated pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention].","authors":"Michel Moutschen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This brief article focuses on vaccines targeted against five infectious agents that are linked to an increased cardiovascular risk in adults: COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcus, respiratory syncytial virus, and varicella-zoster virus. The article is divided into three parts. Firstly, it outlines the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular events that occur during and after infections. Secondly, it discusses the principles of vaccine protection in this context. The third part is dedicated to clinical studies that specifically demonstrate the cardiovascular protection afforded by the vaccines. Vaccines targeting the five aforementioned infectious agents should undoubtedly be considered key elements in the prevention of cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Interest in the use of polygenic risk scores in breast cancer screening and preventive medicine]. [对在乳腺癌筛查和预防医学中使用多基因风险评分的兴趣]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Julie Crèvecoeur, Elisa Docampo, Marie Martin, Vincent Bours
{"title":"[Interest in the use of polygenic risk scores in breast cancer screening and preventive medicine].","authors":"Julie Crèvecoeur, Elisa Docampo, Marie Martin, Vincent Bours","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite screening programmes, numerous clinical studies and new breast imaging techniques, breast cancer incidence for women continues to rise. The arrival of predictive and personalized medicine could clearly redefine our screening recommendations. One promising approach to improving screening would be to use tools to predict the risk of developing breast cancer, including polygenic risk scores (PRS). This approach will enable us to offer women risk-based screening by adapting the frequency, type and age of screening. This article reviews some definitions of the PRS and breast cancer screening. We also explain the risk assessment models that have been developed and the various studies underway on personalized screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"372-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Nearly one out of two deaths by cancer is avoidable ! Prevention is crucial]. [几乎每两例癌症死亡中就有一例是可以避免的！预防至关重要]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Sylvie Streel, Renaud Louis, Guy Jerusalem
{"title":"[Nearly one out of two deaths by cancer is avoidable ! Prevention is crucial].","authors":"Sylvie Streel, Renaud Louis, Guy Jerusalem","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The observation is unequivocal: nearly half of cancer deaths could be avoided ! This statement, both alarming and hopeful, underscores the crucial importance of preventive measures in the fight against the scourge that is cancer. Indeed, if nearly half of cancer deaths are preventable, it means that it is possible to act on certain modifiable risk factors. Smoking and alcohol consumption are among the most influential behaviours in the risk of death from cancer. Similarly, overweight and obesity, considered a true pandemic, contribute significantly to the increase in the number of cancer cases over the past decade. Environmental and occupational exposure to various physical, chemical, and biological carcinogens constitutes another set of largely avoidable factors. Now, more than ever, it is imperative to intensify efforts in implementing effective prevention strategies to counter the growing burden of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Do drugs have a place in prevention strategies ?] [毒品在预防战略中是否占有一席之地？］
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Régis Radermecker
{"title":"[Do drugs have a place in prevention strategies ?]","authors":"Régis Radermecker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It's easy to imagine using medicines to treat or even cure an illness. For most people, however, the idea of taking one or more medicines to prevent or delay the onset of an illness or its complications seems less obvious. However, there is indeed a place for using medicines in the field of prevention. Knowing the definition of a medicine means you can immediately understand the role it can play in the field of prevention. What's more, the use of medicines should be based not only on evidence-based medicine, but also on an approach that integrates a collegial discussion with the patient, which will make it possible to discuss the expected benefits of such an approach, as well as explaining any possible side-effects. Only in this way can we expect better compliance of a person still without a disease. This article briefly summarizes the role that medicines can play in a prevention strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"282-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Preventive effects of allergen immunotherapy to pneumallergens]. [过敏原免疫疗法对肺过敏原的预防作用]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Nicolas Bougard, Vincent Piette, Florence Schleich, Renaud Louis
{"title":"[Preventive effects of allergen immunotherapy to pneumallergens].","authors":"Nicolas Bougard, Vincent Piette, Florence Schleich, Renaud Louis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergen immunotherapy is still the only curative treatment for respiratory allergies. It is based on repeated administration of allergenic extracts to sensitized patients. It can be administered either by subcutaneous or by sublingual route. The purpose of the treatment is to modulate the immune response to a specific allergen and to alter the course of the disease over a long-term period. Numerous studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated its efficacy in terms of symptoms and quality of life improvement as well as reduction of the allergic march. Indication of allergen immunotherapy includes moderate to severe allergic rhinitis and mild to moderate allergic asthma from GINA step 3. Early intervention in sensitized patients is nowadays promoted.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"405-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Smoking cessation rate after passage in a smoking cessation clinic in patients referred by a respiratory medicine department]. [呼吸内科转诊患者在戒烟门诊就诊后的戒烟率]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Valérie Bonhivers, Marie Delvenne, Muriel Delvaux, Virginie Petitjean, Loïc Le Jeune, Éric Englebert, Patrizio Lancellotti, Guy Jerusalem, Renaud Louis
{"title":"[Smoking cessation rate after passage in a smoking cessation clinic in patients referred by a respiratory medicine department].","authors":"Valérie Bonhivers, Marie Delvenne, Muriel Delvaux, Virginie Petitjean, Loïc Le Jeune, Éric Englebert, Patrizio Lancellotti, Guy Jerusalem, Renaud Louis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Responsible for a significant morbidity and mortality, smoking remains a major public health issue. Smoking cessation clinics are an integral part of the fight against smoking. This retrospective study, carried out between January 2022 and January 2023 on 106 patients who attended the smoking cessation clinics in the Respiratory Department of the University Hospital of Liège, was designed to assess patient cessation rates at 6 months and 1 year, and to identify any factors predicting success or failure. Our data showed a cessation rate of 25 % at 6 months and 19 % at 1 year. Age was slightly more advanced in those who succeeded in smoking cessation at one year (p = 0.05). The obtained cessation rate strongly supports the utility of our smoking cessation clinic for patients wishing to quit smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"352-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Suicide prevention]. [预防自杀]
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Éric Constant, Paul Hedo
{"title":"[Suicide prevention].","authors":"Éric Constant, Paul Hedo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a public health problem that affects people throughout their lives: from childhood to adolescence, and from adulthood to old age. Numerous risk factors for suicide have been identified, not only at the level of the individual, but also at the level of the family, the community and society as a whole. These factors include the existence of a mental health problem, in particular depression and substance abuse. At the clinical level, it is important to try to spot the signs of impending suicide and organize an appropriate care strategy. But there are also protective factors against suicide at individual, societal and cultural levels. There are many strategies for preventing suicide. These approaches range from raising awareness of the problem of suicide among the general population and destigmatizing mental illnesses, to more targeted measures for people at risk of suicide: actively treating depression, training healthcare professionals to identify individuals at risk, developing telephone helplines, setting up peer-help programs and developing post-hospitalisation follow-up programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"319-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Clinical metabolomics : an innovative approach towards preventive and personalized medicine]. [临床代谢组学：实现预防和个性化医疗的创新方法]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
Manon Campas, Matthieu Schoumacher, Arianna Cirillo, Caroline Le Goff, Pascal De Tullio, Étienne Cavalier
{"title":"[Clinical metabolomics : an innovative approach towards preventive and personalized medicine].","authors":"Manon Campas, Matthieu Schoumacher, Arianna Cirillo, Caroline Le Goff, Pascal De Tullio, Étienne Cavalier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to improve our healthcare system, it is undeniable that the future of modern medicine must focus on a more preventive and personalized approach, notably based on the individual characteristics specific to each patient. In this perspective, clinical metabolomics, which focuses on metabolites, emerges as a particularly interesting and promising approach. Indeed, this science reflects the internal and external stimuli received by an individual, thus capturing their physiological and/or pathological state. Close to the phenotype, it represents the interface between the patient, their genes, and their environment in the broadest sense. Its translational nature requires the conjunction of several expertise areas, both in analytical, biostatistical, and clinical levels. Combined with other data, it allows the generation of predictive or diagnostic models useful for early detection and monitoring of pathologies, taking into account notably the individual characteristics of patients. There are, of course, many obstacles and challenges to overcome for metabolomics to transition into clinical practice, but it is evident that this innovative approach will, in the years to come, find its place among the tools available to clinicians in a more personalized vision of patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"297-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy]. [预防造影剂诱发肾病]。
Revue medicale de Liege Pub Date : 2024-06-01
François Cousin, Martin Moïse, Cédric Ilbert, Paul Meunier, François Jouret
{"title":"[Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy].","authors":"François Cousin, Martin Moïse, Cédric Ilbert, Paul Meunier, François Jouret","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a renal complication occurring after the administration of iodinated contrast agents routinely used in medical imaging. CIN causes acute renal failure of varying severity. The pathophysiology of CIN is probably multifactorial: it involves (i) renal vasoconstriction inducing tissue hypoxia, and (ii) a possible direct toxicity of iodine derivatives leading to tubular inflammation and necrosis. Several risk factors are associated with CIN, some related to the procedure itself, others to the patient's co-morbid profile. In particular, the pre-existence of chronic renal failure, dehydration, congestive heart failure, diabetes or hypotension has been associated with an increased risk of CIN, as summarized in the Mehran score. Prevention of CIN relies essentially on adequate i.v. hydration before and after the procedure, and on the administration of the lowest possible volumes of contrast. In patients at high risk of CIN, the use of metformin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is contraindicated at the time of contrast medium i.v. injection. In these patients, renal function assessment after 3-7 days post imaging is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94201,"journal":{"name":"Revue medicale de Liege","volume":"79 5-6","pages":"418-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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