Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

{"title":"[Disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers].","authors":"J Jhonnel Alarco, María José Yllanes-Palomino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>About 15% of the world's population has some degree of disability. Violence and crime primarily affect the Latin American region, especially Peru. This study aimed to determine the association between disability status and robbery victimization in Peruvian villagers in 2017.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis from the National Specialized Victimization Survey (ENEVIC) 2017 was conducted. The independent variable was disability status, and the dependent variable was robbery victimization; in addition, confounding variables were included. Poisson regression was performed to demonstrate the association, and prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records of 32,199 Peruvians aged 18 years or older were included. People with disabilities were 24% less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities (PR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.61-0.95), adjusted for confounding variables. However, this association was only statistically significant in women, older adults, and the high socioeconomic stratum.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Peru, people with disabilities are less likely to be robbery victims than people without disabilities. However, only if they are women, older adults, and come from a high socioeconomic level. In the other population groups, the probabilities of suffering this victimization would be similar between people with and without disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of self-reported periodontal status on oral health-related quality of life in adult population with Type 2 Diabetes from Mexico City].","authors":"José Armando Falcón-Flores, María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, Sergio Flores-Hernández, Marisela Vázquez-Duran, Aida Jiménez-Corona","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Periodontitis ranks sixth as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) complication. According to its severity, it may cause pain, discomfort and tooth loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-reported periodontal status on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of people with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-nine adults with T2D who visited the Metabolic Syndrome clinic at the Cosío Villegas National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City between August and November 2010. The OHRQoL was evaluated with the shortened Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EE14). Periodontitis was measured by self-report, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The association between self-reported periodontal status and OHRQoL was evaluated with binomial regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the participants was 60,4 years (SD=9,6); diabetes duration was 10,1 years (SD=6,6). The OHRQoL was associated with self-perception of bad breath (RR=1,58; p=0,025), self-perception of poor gum health (RR=1,66; p=0,016), dissatisfaction with chewing ability (RR=2,22; p≤0,001), tooth loss due to mobility (RR=1,74; p=0,019), and presence of 20 teeth or less (RR=1,57; p=0,045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OHRQoL is associated with self-report of bad breath, poor gum health and dissatisfaction with chewing ability in people with T2D, which suggests that self-perceived oral conditions represent signs and symptoms of functional and psychological impairment related to severe periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Caring for people living with HIV in the Colombian Health System: patients, caregivers and health workers perspectives].","authors":"Ingrid Yolercy Troche Gutierrez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Health policies and programs for people living with HIV have been subordinated to current economic policies based on the neoliberal development model that shapes the current healthcare system. The study's objective was to analyze the influence of the Colombian health system on the care of people who lived with HIV enrolled in the Subsidized Regime through Benefit Plan Administrating Entities and treated in Neiva (Colombia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study framed within the framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis was conducted. Nineteen people participated, including HIV patients, non-formal caregivers, and health workers. The participants were recruited from two Health Service Providers Institutions in the city of Neiva. In-depth interviews were conducted. Data were coded, categorized and organized in Excel for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interpersonal relationship and the health system functioning were two phenomena that interfered with caring for people with HIV by favoring or imposing barriers to practices. Failures were found in the informative-educational process from the moment of diagnosis, stigmatization, and discrimination, particularly in non-HIV-specialized health institutions, and multiple barriers to access to health services. 55.5% of the patients expressed having been discriminated against by health personnel at some point since their diagnosis. 100% of the patients interviewed identified different types of barriers to health services, contextualized in improper treatment, untimely care and abuse of power; only 22.2% resorted to the filing of complaints, petition rights or guardianships to claim their right to health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health care praxis is carried out regardless of patients' situation, forgetting that those from a lower socioeconomic level have greater structural vulnerability related to poverty. The lack of healthcare exacerbates health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Risk factors for the acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections in sex workers: a systematic review].","authors":"Aarón Jiménez-Morón, César Hueso-Montoro, Rafael Caparros-González, María Ángeles Pérez-Morente","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), as their name suggests, are infections caused by more than thirty different bacteria, viruses, and parasites and are transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, although some sexually transmitted infections can also transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. According to World Health Organization, one of the main populations at risk for acquiring these diseases are sex workers and their clients. Due to the high prevalence, the characteristics and behaviors that favor the development of these diseases are analyzed. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the risk factors in the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases in the population of sex workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL, Medline, LILACS and IBECS, of observational, longitudinal and mixed methods studies conducted in sex workers and published between January 2011 and March 2021, with a final sample of fourty-three articles. The mixed methods assessment tool (MMAT) was used to assess the methodological quality of the papers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After analyzing the literature, eleven groups of risk factors related to the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases were obtained, these being economic factors, factors related to sexual practices, drug use, sex work, education, health problems, country of origin and mobility, partner, age, violence and other factors not belonging to the previous categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex workers have numerous characteristics and behaviors that make them vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections. Of note are years of prostitution, drug use, number of partners and condom use, which are key factors for future prevention and intervention strategies, as well as research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mental health literacy in spanish adolescents and its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics].","authors":"Isaac Daniel Amado-Rodríguez, Rocío Casañas, Laia Mas-Expósito, Lluís Lalucat-Jo, Juan Francisco Roldan-Merino, Mª Isabel Fernandez-San-Martín","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Different studies identify mental health literacy as a protective factor for developing a mental health problem. The aim of this paper was to determine the degree of mental health literacy of the adolescent population of Barcelona, and its relationship with socio-demographic and educational variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out in Barcelona during the 2017-2018 academic year. A total of 1,032 young people between thirteen and seventeen years of age participated. The following variables were collected: sex, age, nationality, socioeconomic status (RDHpc) and average school grade. The aim was to determine the degree of mental health literacy (knowledge, stigma and help-seeking) of the adolescent population of Barcelona, and its relationship with socio-demographic and educational variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed adjusting for the effect of sociodemographic variables on the score of each scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean score (standard deviation) of the EMHL test was 7.28 (1.27) and 4.24 (1.14) respectively, with higher scores obtained by girls, high RDHpc, excellent score and Spanish nationality. The greatest difference in EMHL scores, adjusting for the rest of the variables, corresponded to adolescents with an excellent mean score and a high RDHpc index (with respect to the baseline category, beta=0.72 and 0.52 respectively). The mean stigma score was 27.6 (4.47) for CAMI and 8.83 (3.36) for RIBS. The variables related to a greater difference in score with respect to the baseline category and adjusted for the rest of the variables were: gender (boy=1.54) and academic grade (excellent=-2.38) for CAMI, and nationality (foreign=0.82) and academic grade (excellent=-1.30) for RIBS. The mean RIBS score was 8.83 (3.36) with the largest difference in score from baseline being foreign nationality (beta=0.82) and having a grade of excellent (1.30). Help-seeking was higher in parents and friends, with differences according to gender and nationality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of mental health literacy is medium-low. While gender, nationality and educational attainment are the factors that are related to knowledge and stigma, socio-economic status is only related to mental health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cost-effectiveness analysis of a vaccine for Helicobacter pylori in southern Europe].","authors":"José Vicente Arcos-Machancoses, Martín Romero Prada, Elena Crehuá Gaudiza, Cecilia Martínez Costa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is sufficient evidence on the feasibility of a vaccine to prevent Helicobacter pylori infection. Modeling studies in low prevalence environments report a very probable long-term cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to quantify its efficiency in a local context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The evolution of a cohort of newborns was simulated through a compartmental model representing a series of clinical situations regarding H. pylori infection and related diseases. The model was run under the assumption of both vaccination in the first year of life and no intervention. The time horizon was set as equivalent to the life expectancy and the perspective of the health system was taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vaccination against H. pylori would cost an average of €2,168/person more than no intervention. This would yield an average additional 0.32 quality-adjusted life years gained (QALY), which would entail an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €7,196/QALY. For a willingness to pay of €24,506/QALY, 99.96% of the simulations were cost-effective at eighty-four years old. This threshold was crossed thirty years after vaccination. The variables that carried the most weight in explaining the variability of the ICER were, in this order, vaccine effectiveness, the incidence of infection in young children, and the price of the vaccine. Vaccination would cease to be cost-effective with a price greater than €3,634/dose or with effective population coverage less than 11%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When implemented in an environment with the epidemiological and economic characteristics of Southern Europe, a prophylactic vaccination against H. pylori would be cost-effective in the long run.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of cardiovascular risk on SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 patients].","authors":"Daniela Mazzaccaro, Rosangela Piccinni, Valentina Milani, Paolo Righini, Giovanni Nano, Giulia Ml Gobbo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":"e1-e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychological consequences of amputations in work accidents].","authors":"Rubén Nevado, Alfonso Arteaga, Javier Fernández-Montalvo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Amputations in work accidents are a phenomenon with a high incidence and peculiar characteristics. The few studies about the effects of amputation are referred to large limbs, and show that, beyond the physical consequences, there are important psychological consequences. The goal of this paper was to show the updated knowledge on the main psychopathological consequences of amputations in work accidents, as well as the variables that can modulate them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, with varied ad hoc searches for the different variables studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies have focused mainly on anxiety and depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phantom limb pain. Modulating variables whose presence improves the prognosis of these persons have been identified, such as adaptation to daily life, physical exercise, coping strategies, resilience and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The different psychological areas reviewed should be considered when attending people who have suffered an amputation in a work accident. Likewise, enhancing the modulating variables whose presence improves the prognosis is an interesting field for professional intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[About \"Sleep disorders related to HIV treatment\"].","authors":"Andrés Escate-Córdova, Miguel A Arce-Huamani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":"e1-e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139992267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Challenges in teaching first aids at schools: analysis of spanish educational legislation (LOMLOE) and curricular guidance].","authors":"Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Lucía Peixoto-Pino, Julio Zanfaño-Ongil, Santiago Martínez-Isasi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Teaching first aid (FA) to children and young people is a priority strategy in Public Health. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze new educational legislation within the FA curriculum framework, which is necessary for providing teachers and healthcare professionals with a practical guide that guides teaching to train first responders in different school stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of four experts with curricular experience at different educational levels, as well as in the field of FA, participated in this analysis. The methodology involved a consensus analysis approach on the content of the spanish Royal Decrees (RD) for Primary Education (RD 157/2022), Secondary Education (RD 217/2022), and Baccalaureate (RD 243/2022) that develop the curriculum of the Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis of the three RD, ten general concepts were identified: accident prevention; protocol Protect, Alert, Assist (PAS); 1-1-2 protocol; recovery position (PLS); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); automated external or semi-automatic defibrillator (AED); foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO); FA; transportation of the injured; and stroke. Throughout all educational stages, in twenty-seven instances appeared content explicitly related to accident prevention or the learning of FA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current curriculum provides FA content from the age of eight-nine (3^rd year of Primary Education). By the end of compulsory education, all students should be able to identify cardiac arrest, alert emergency services, initiate resuscitation maneuvers, use the defibrillator, and know how to respond to choking incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}