Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

{"title":"[Hospital emergencies due to alcohol consumption in times of COVID-19 on the Costa del Sol (Spain)].","authors":"Francisco Rivas Ruiz, María Padilla Ruiz, Ángeles Pérez Aisa, Joaquín Peláez Cherino, Antonio Lara Blanquer, Alberto Jiménez Puente","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alcohol consumption is a Public Health problem that impacts the health, social and economic spheres. The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of alcohol-related emergencies (ARI) in an area of high recreational tourism, and the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on this activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study of the period of ARI emergency activity in the Costa del Sol Hospital Area during the years 2019-2021 was carried out. A stratified descriptive analysis was performed according to the COVID-19 pandemic period, including the calculation of the incidence of ARI emergencies attended daily. Descriptive analysis was performed evaluating differences between the three periods using the Chi-Square test for qualitative variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 479,204 hospital emergencies were recorded, of which 0.51% were identified as ARI emergencies, with an average of 2.2 per day. This figure ranged from 2.7 emergencies per day during Normality, 1 during Confinement and 2.1 during new normality. The rate of ARI emergencies for the period evaluated was 16.5 per 10,000 inhabitants/year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The patients treated for alcohol consumption in our series have a typical profile in terms of age (adult) and sex (male), although with a high relative weight of foreign patients. Restrictions due to confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic have a positive impact on the emergency care of ARI patients, although correlated with a generalised decrease in non-COVID-19 related care activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Approach to Childhood Obesity in Spain. A comparison among autonomies].","authors":"Rafael Ataz Campillo, Jonathan Kiwitt Cárdenas, Alberto Manuel Torres Cantero, Mª Dolores Parra Muñoz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood obesity represents a serious public health problem and given its multifactorial nature and its consequences; it is necessary to carry out an effective approach. The Spanish system of autonomies, with delegated powers, could accentuate inequality in its approach. The objective of the study was to know the existence or not of these inequalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between the months of February-April 2022, in which the approach to childhood obesity was compared among the seventeen communities and two autonomous cities, through the analysis of the following indicators: pediatric staff, pediatric nursing, nutrition personnel and their legal recognition, the existence of comprehensive plans and health expenditure on childhood obesity. The search for information has been carried out through a bibliographic review and a request for access to public information to the corresponding regional councils. It were performed ratios of paediatricians and nurses per 1,000 inhabitants and health expenditure per inhabitant were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that in Spain paediatricians have a ratio according to international recommendations (1.21), but not general and paediatric nursing (with a ratio of 0.65, which is equivalent to approximately 1,544 inhabitants for each nurse), and nutrition professionals. Among autonomies there were large variations for the three categories. Comprehensive plans were outdated or absent altogether, as well as the periodic analysis of obesity expenditure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The approach to childhood obesity seems to vary considerably among autonomies according to the analysed indicators. Thus, it would be advisable to lead all efforts to homogenize it, to improve care quality and prevention and treatment choices in all national regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic].","authors":"Aina Huguet-Torres, Miquel Bennasar-Veny, Enrique Castro-Sánchez, Aina M Yáñez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>During COVID-19 pandemic, prevention measures were implemented to mitigate the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Compliance with these measures was influenced by several sociodemographic and environmental factors. However, literature addressing compliance with these prevention measures among the general population remains limited. The study aimed to assess the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors and mask usage during close contact situations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,778 individuals identified through close contact tracing of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by the COVID-19 Coordination Center of Mallorca, from February to June 2021. A descriptive analysis was conducted, and a logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate factors associated with mask non-compliance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 42.8±17.4 years, with 53.6% being female. Among close contacts, 60.8% (95% CI: 57.8-62.3) did not use masks during their contact. No significant differences were observed between genders or across age groups (p=0.497 and p=0.536, respectively). Factors linked to mask non-compliance included the home setting, indoor spaces without ventilation, and closer physical distances (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that mask adherence was notably lower among close contacts exposed to higher risk. In future public health crises, interventions should be developed to raise awareness about risks and promote adherence to preventive and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Positioning proposal on the recommendations for the use of masks in health centers after the cessation of the mandatory use in Spain].","authors":"Paula Gras Valenti, José Sánchez Payá, Juan Carlos Rodríguez Díaz, Pere Llorens Soriano, Esperanza Merino Lucas, Pablo Chico Sánchez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the use of masks has been a fundamental pillar for controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different areas. Its mandatory nature has been regulated by different regulations, and its effectiveness in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses has been strongly proven. In this regard, the beneficial impact stands out in healthcare centers where it has been shown to reduce the transmission of respiratory infections, both in patients and healthcare professionals. This document proposes recommendations for the use of masks in health centers at the current time when we find ourselves with an end to the mandatory use of masks in Spain. They are aimed at healthcare professionals, patients and companions/visitors and aim to protect them from acquiring acute respiratory infections as a result of the complex relationships established in the healthcare field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Updated cost of vaccinating throughout life in Spain in 2023].","authors":"Sonia Fernández Conde, Daniel Cifo Arcos, Laura Sánchez-Cambronero Cejudo, Carmen Olmedo Lucerón, Ana Fernández Dueñas, Elena Cantero Gudino, Aurora Limia Sánchez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Four modifications were introduced in the Lifetime Vaccination Schedule of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System (CISNS) in 2023.The aim of this study was to estimate the cost of vaccinating a healthy person and people with certain risk conditions throughout life in Spain and to compare with a previous estimation from 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive study of the cost of administering the vaccines included in the Lifetime Vaccination Schedule for the year 2023 and in the schedule for risk groups was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated cost to immunize a healthy person throughout life in 2023 is 1,541.56€ for a woman and 1,498.18€ for a men, which corresponds to an increase of 125% compared to the cost in 2019. The risk conditions with the highest cost are asplenia and complement deficiency and primary immunodeficiencies, with a cost of 3,159.82 euros and 2,566 euros respectively on average. The cost of vaccinating the whole healthy population in Spain in a year is around 565M€. Moreover, the cost of vaccinating the new-borns cohort of 2023 was estimated at 500M€.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the cost increase in 2023, immunization is still a very cheap intervention, considering the economic impact of immunopreventable diseases in the society. The relative low cost of immunization throughout life makes this health intervention useful and worthwhile.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Campaigns aimed at children of the target population for colorectal cancer screening].","authors":"Jose A Martínez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":"e1-e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Once upon a time there was a place where we learned to listen. The Other Front line_voices for social justice].","authors":"Ainhoa Ruiz-Azarola, Daniela E Miranda Rojas, Jeny Aguilera-Cruz, Elena Mª Gras-García, Mariano Hernán García, Ana Pereira Iglesia, Juan Román Mora Barrios, Jennifer Mary Popay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic generated a new wave of social inequalities for communities around the world living in unjust circumstances . Lockdowns and health measures overlooked housing conditions, transitions to virtual schooling, ignoring homes and families without the technological infrastructure and skills to access education, as well as overlooking the availability of an economic remainder. informal employment. The experiences of various communities around the world, from racialized/ethnic communities, homeless, migrants, elderly to young populations, were not reflected in the knowledge that guided the Government's responses; in fact, their experiences were involuntarily silenced . As a result of all this, it was necessary to create alliances with communities that lived in vulnerable conditions and that bore the great burden of the pandemic, to ensure that their voices were included in Public Health policies and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modified <i>CAMBRA</i> questionnaire as a method for population-based caries risk screening without exploratory methods: a cross-sectional observational pilot study].","authors":"María-Victoria Mateos-Moreno, Ángel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo, Naresh Kewalramani, Álvaro García-Sánchez, María-Rosario Garcillán-Izquierdo, Bibiana Mateos-Moreno, Lorenzo Dorado-Jara, Mónica Berzal-Pérez, Carlos-Alberto Vivas-Mefle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) is a questionnaire used to diagnose the patient's overall caries risk. This study aimed to present a self-assessment questionnaire based on CAMBRA which, unlike the original, is completed by parents/caregivers, without the need for a dental examination, allowing a presumptive diagnosis to be established in children under seven years of age excluded from the oral health programme of the National Health System to establish individualised recommendations for caries risk and their early inclusion in preventive programmes of the Madrid Health Service (Madrid, Spain).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was carried out following STROBE guidelines using for the first time a self-assessment questionnaire based on CAMBRA in a population of children aged from three to six years from a nursery school in Madrid (Spain). The results were analysed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact statistic was used to study the relationship between qualitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The questionnaire was answered by the parents of 120 children (response rate=53.1%), of whom 40.8% presented a low a priori caries risk, 42.5% a moderate risk and 16.7% a high caries risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study allow the identification of patients at risk of presenting and/or developing caries. However, future studies should evaluate its sensitivity and specificity by comparing it with a confirmatory diagnosis after a dental examination. Nevertheless, the modified CAMBRA questionnaire could be a useful tool for population screening, facilitating the access of the population at risk of caries and risk of exclusion to preventive and community plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of Hospital Care Registers due to Silicosis in Spain, 1997-2020].","authors":"Alfredo Menéndez-Navarro, Catherine Cavalin, Montserrat García-Gómez, Alin Gherasim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The re-emergence of silicosis in Spain since 2007 has been identified by the increase in the number of occupational disease reports. The aim of our study was to analyse the silicosis care processes attended by the National Health System between 1997 and 2020 to better understand the epidemiological dimension of the problem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Processes were obtained from the Registro de Actividad Sanitaria Especializada (RAE-CMBD), with ICD-9-CM codes 500 and 502 (1997-2016) and ICD-10-CM J60, J62.0 and J62.8 (2017-2020). Descriptive statistical methods and modelling by logistic regression and Joinpoint regression methodology were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 111,325 records were obtained (ages twenty-one hundred years), 4.3% for silicosis as the main diagnosis (PD) and 95.7% as a secondary diagnosis (SD). Men accounted for 98% and women for 2%. The mean age for SD processes was 75.1, and 68.7 for PD processes. The median age increased by eight years for SD and decreased by three years for PD. Although the overall burden of care decreased, under-fifty PD procedures between 2006 and 2009 showed an upward trend (APC=27.01%). SD processes showed a non-significant upward trend (APC=1.92%) between 2005 and 2020.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The upward trend in silicosis care processes in people under fifty years of age since 2005 confirms the healthcare impact of the re-emergence of silicosis in Spain. The associated burden of care constitutes a present and future public health problem given the decreasing age of those affected.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[COVID-19 vaccination at the University of Alicante (Spain): detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by rapid serological test, a cross-sectional study].","authors":"Ana C Montagud, Nancy Vicente-Alcalde, Eva M Gabaldón-Bravo, José Antonio Hurtado-Sánchez, Emilia Montagud, Cecilia M Egoavil, Enrique Chavarría-Alarcón, Pablo Caballero, José Tuells","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have shown to be an effective tool for the analysis of the immunity generated against COVID-19. Numerous seroprevalence studies carried out in different groups have made it possible to draw a global map of vaccination coverage through the use of rapid lateral flow immunochromatography serological tests for clinical and epidemiological purposes. The objective of our study was to determine the degree of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 associated with the presence of neutralizing antibodies in administrative staff, teachers and students at the University of Alicante by means of a rapid serological test and to learn about their experience with vaccination against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed, based on the prevalence of antibodies against the S protein (spike) of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 888 people participated. The study was carried out with a single test (July 6 to July 22, 2021). Using logistic regression, adjusted Odds Ratios were calculated according to sex, age, type of vaccine, number of vaccine doses received, complete vaccination schedule, and having had COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vaccines received mostly were Vaxzevria® and Comirnaty®, with 73.3% between both, although 67.2% presented a complete regimen. The results of the OJABIO rapid neutralizing antibody test gave a positive result in 61.4% of the sample. There was a high association between the variables COVID-19 infection, two doses of vaccine, Spikevax® or Comirnaty® vaccine, and eighteen/twenty-nine years old group with a positive result on the OJABIO test. A total of 712 subjects answered the parallel survey (80%) on adverse effects and preferences between the different vaccines against COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The vaccination status against COVID-19 in the university community after six months of the start of national immunization strategies reflects low coverage despite the excellent willingness to get vaccinated. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) rapid tests can be useful to guide immunization strategies and decide when to administer new booster doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}