Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

{"title":"[Factors associated with body image in people with spinal cord injury].","authors":"Eliana Monsalve-Jaramillo, Elisa Andrea Cobo-Mejía, Aura Cristina Quino-Avila, Edgar Antonio Ibáñez-Pinilla, Claudia Maritza Rubio-Barreto, Rocío Del Pilar Castellanos-Vega","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant public health concern due to its substantial impact on functioning, independence, and quality of life. It can also significantly affect body image (BI), leading to complex emotional responses and alterations in body perception. The aim of this paper was to establish the factors associated to BI in people with SCI in Boyacá (Colombia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The type of design was cross-sectional in a sample of eighty-seven subjects; for body image, the BI for Physically Disabled Persons (PICDF) instrument was used. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi² test in the bivariate case and the multivariate with the Negative Binomial Regression with the method introduced taking into account the theoretically and statistically significant variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age was 47.7±14.4 years, with a predominance of males, the overall BI was good with 83.9% with 95% CI (76.19- 91.63). A lower socioeconomic status of 0.196 (RP) was identified as a protective factor, while risk factors for BI included having companionship of RP=3.385, being under the subsidized regime of RP=4.831, and having a poor quality of life of RP=4.848.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BI is an aspect composed of different factors, which in people with SCI are associated with different social and clinical conditions that come to affect it.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Community pharmacist vaccination in Spain: an opportunity to improve vaccination coverage based on European evidence].","authors":"María Dolores Fernández Otero, Francisco Javier de Lucio Cazaña, Noelia Tejedor García","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Las vacunas son la forma más eficaz de reducir el impacto sobre la salud y el gasto público generados por diversas enfermedades infecciosas. Un número creciente de países de la Unión Europea, tras introducir los correspondientes cambios legislativos y organizativos, ha decidido facilitar la vacunación de su población incorporando a los farmacéuticos comunitarios a las tareas vacunales. España no ha adoptado esta medida, ni contempla hacerlo, por lo que en el presente trabajo hemos analizado posibles razones objetivas para esta decisión sanitaria como: i) que los graduados en Farmacia no estén tan cualificados como los de otros países europeos; ii) que la red de farmacias comunitarias no aporte ningún valor añadido a las instalaciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud; iii) que exista una cobertura vacunal satisfactoria. Sin embargo, tras estudiar la información existente, no encontramos nada que avale que alguna de estas causas potenciales tenga una base real. Por ello, resulta incomprensible que, en ausencia de criterios científico-técnicos objetivos que lo desaconsejen, en España ni siquiera se haya planteado la posibilidad de que los farmacéuticos comunitarios colaboren con otros sanitarios en los programas de vacunación. En consecuencia, aprovechando la experiencia europea y aplicándola en función de las características del sistema sanitario y farmacéutico nacional, debería revertirse la situación actual.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Possible use of public mortality data from Spanish National Institute of Statistics database to study how air pollutants may impact mortality rates in Spain].","authors":"María Angulo Ardoy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Relationship between NO₂, SO₂, CO, PM_2,5, PM₁₀, COVNM (non-methane volatile organic compounds) and all-cause mortality or myocardial ischaemic mortality has been thoroughly studied. Levels of such pollutants have been reduced according to World Health Organization guidelines with no follow-up of their impact on mortality rates. Our goal was to explore the relationship between air pollutants and all-cause/myocardial ischaemic mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive longitudinal ecological study was carried out to compare National Institute of Statistics mortality rates, both all-cause and myocardial ischaemic deaths, as a whole, separated by sexes and age ranges to air pollutants brute emissions and average PM₁₀ and PM_2,5 concentrations nation-wide from 2000 to 2021, using lineal o logarithmic regression and multiple lineal regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All-cause mortality showed low correlation and regression with air pollutants except when studied by age-ranges. Myocardial ischaemic mortality did show significant correlation (coefficients over 0,7) and regression, as a whole, and while disgregated by sexes or ages. There is high correlation and confusion among the air pollutants, but no interactions were detected. R² was higher in all-cause mortality for men and young ones; in myocardial ischaemic mortality, for women and age gap from sixty-seventy-nine. Most relevant air pollutants changed for different age-gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study shows relationship between mortality and air pollutants, overestimating their importance according to previous research. Data referred to specific entities or different age-gaps were more accurate. Using data on shorter time-lapses and areas would increase precission.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Population-based cohorts on health and well-being in childhood and adolescence: a descriptive systematic review and comparative analysis].","authors":"Andrés Cabrera-León, Patricia Fernández-Robredo, Alejandro Marín-Menéndez, Lorenzo Melchor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Population-based cohorts make it possible to study health and well-being trajectories during childhood and adolescence, their determinants, and their usefulness for informing public policies. The aim of this paper was to identify, compare, and synthesise population-based cohorts on child and adolescent health and well-being at national and international level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive systematic review and comparative analysis of cohorts with a reference publication published in or after 2010, in Spanish or English, including more than 2,000 participants and using either prospective or retrospective longitudinal designs. Hospital-based, local, or disease-specific cohorts were excluded. Cohorts were identified through specialised sources (Birthcohorts.net, CLOSER, CLS-UCL, and the EU Child Cohort Network), bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), and snowball searching. Information was extracted on institutional context, governance, design, contents, data access, scientific output, and policy impact. No formal methodological quality or risk-of-bias assessment was performed, as the cohort as a research infrastructure was the unit of analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen cohorts from twenty-seven countries were selected. European cohorts predominated (twelve out of nineteen), although initiatives were also identified in North America, Asia, Oceania, and one multinational cohort including countries from Africa, Asia, and Central America. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in sample size, recruitment strategies, follow-up intensity, and data accessibility. All cohorts included clinical and/or administrative records, eleven included biological samples, ten genetic information, and sixteen clinical examinations. Funding was predominantly public. Several cohorts showed high scientific output, whereas documented translation into policies, programmes, or planning was more uneven and clearly documented in only a limited number of cohorts. The comparison also allowed the synthesis of selected cohort characteristics relevant to surveillance and policy evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identified cohorts constitute strategic and complementary infrastructures for studying child and adolescent health and well-being. Their methodological and governance diversity provides relevant lessons for the design of future cohorts, particularly regarding the balance between population coverage, richness of measurement, record linkage, and transferability to public action.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Childhood obesity in Spain: Fifteen years of monitoring and action through the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) and the ALADINO study].","authors":"Ignacio M Giménez Alba, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Marta Buoncristiano, Melanie Nichols, Julianne Williams, Almudena Rollán Gordo, Carmen Arias-López, Cristina Recuero Carretero","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity is a global Public Health issue with long-term effects on quality of life and high prevalence in Spain, particularly among minors from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. This situation requires intersectoral public policies focused on promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour through strategies such as physical activity prescription and the recommendation of health assets. This study analyses Spanish policies aimed at promoting and prescribing physical activity within the healthcare system, with an emphasis on the child population and in alignment with the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030. Key policies include the National Strategic Plan for the Reduction of Childhood Obesity, the 2025-2027 Primary and Community Care Action Plan, and the Physical Activity Prescription Plan, which incorporate actions related to awareness-raising, the creation of active environments, and the training of professionals and citizens. These policies have promoted physical activity across educational, healthcare, and community settings, expanding access to safe environments and sports programmes. The development of healthy urban environments, the implementation of physical activity prescription, and the identification and recommendation of health assets have shown progress in recent years, although challenges remain, such as ensuring equitable access to resources and the long-term sustainability of public health interventions. Under the Health in All Policies approach, intersectoral and equitable action is needed, supported by community initiatives that foster cultural change towards healthier lifestyles. Consolidating physical activity prescription and the recommendation of health assets as integral elements of the system is essential to reduce obesity and promote the health of children and adolescents, with benefits extending across the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in Spain: Seven Years of the Social Pact for Non-Discrimination and Equal Treatment Associated with HIV].","authors":"Julia Del Amo, Ana Koerting, Asunción Díaz, Carmen Martín, María José Fuster, Miguel A Ramiro, Roberto Carro, Juan Hoyos, Pedro Gullón, Javier Padilla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stigma and discrimination associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitute one of the main challenges for controlling the HIV pandemic globally. Despite biomedical advances that have turned HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition in contexts with access to treatment, the social and cultural dimensions of HIV continue to affect fundamental rights and the quality of life of people living with HIV, thereby hindering the achievement of the goal of eliminating AIDS as a Public Health threat by 2030. In Spain, the institutional response to this issue has evolved significantly over the past two decades, combining a strong epidemiological foundation, inclusive public policies, and a legal framework oriented toward human rights. This article analyzed Spain's progress in reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination by reviewing the current epidemiological context, the evolution of public policies, and the regulatory and institutional mechanisms developed since November 2018, with particular attention to the Social Pact for The Non-discrimination and Equal Treatment Associated with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intercultural Perspective: An Essential Approach in the Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity].","authors":"Marina Domènech Cantó, Eva María Sorolla Clemente, Pilar Ramos Vaquero, Laia Asso Ministral, Maria Jesús Blanquer Genovart, Cinta Daufí Subirats, Laura Esteve Matalí, Núria Sala Real, Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, Marta Sanz Mas, Vanessa Sarkis Espinoza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity is one of the main public health challenges today. As a multi-causal problem, its prevalence is significantly higher in families with a disadvantaged socioeconomic status. In a context marked by growing social inequalities and the rapid increase in the foreign population in Spain, and considering the close relationship between obesity, poverty, and cultural origin, low-income migrant families are particularly affected by this problem. At the Programme for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity in Catalonia (POICAT), we consider that incorporating an intercultural perspective is essential to preventing and treating childhood obesity. Therefore, in this article, we reflect on the interaction between cultural diversity, obesity and community action. We also present examples of actions that allow the intercultural perspective to be introduced into the work of professionals who interact with children and their families. Although incorporating an intercultural perspective is challenging, it is essential. It shifts the focus from individual responsibility to the structures that generate inequalities, promoting actions that are more equitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Do you weigh or move on? A reflection on the weight-centric approach of childhood obesity].","authors":"Laia Asso Ministral, Laura Esteve Matalí, Marta Sanz Mas, Núria Sala Real, Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia, María Blanquer Genovart, Eva María Sorolla Clemente, Pilar Ramos Vaquero, Marina Domènech Cantó, Vanessa Sarkis Espinoza, Cinta Daufí Subirats","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current management of childhood obesity is based on a weight-centric model that promotes systematic weight measurement in follow-up visits. This approach ignores key aspects such as social determinants or genetics in the development of obesity and delves into individual responsibility for its treatment. This, results in a stigmatizing approach that impacts self-esteem, emotional well-being and overall health of children and adolescents. In recent years, different voices have raised to embrace a non-weight-centric approach that assumes a prejudice-free perspective, considering living conditions (food environment, access to healthy eating, availability of spaces for physical activity, access to extracurricular activities, etc.), and focusing on well-being. In the paediatric care, simple measures such as avoiding systematic measurements of weight or other anthropometric measures, performing it only on justified occasions with consent and avoiding comments about weight evolution could be useful. In addition, there is a need for collective reflection on the current approach to childhood obesity, including those who make decisions about the implementation of clinical guidelines and protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological situation of listeriosis in Spain between 2013 and 2022 with administrative data from surveillance and health systems].","authors":"Alberto Carbajo Otero, María Guerrero Vadillo, María Del Carmen Varela Martínez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Listeriosis is widely distributed and has a high mortality rate in vulnerable populations. This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and temporal distribution of listeriosis in Spain during the period 2013-2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted studying Individual cases and epidemic outbreaks of listeriosis reported to RENAVE, as well as data recorded in the Minimum Basic Set of Hospital Discharge Data (CMBD) between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022. To perform the calculations, the data were statistically treated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,597 individual cases, 29 outbreaks and 4,466 hospital discharges for listeriosis were reported during the study period. The incidence trend for individual cases and hospital discharges records peak was reached in 2019. In both registries, the incidence was higher in men, children under one year, and older ages, with differences in incidence in the fifty/sixty-four age group. According to multivariate logistic regression in discharge records, being male (aOR=2.78) and over sixty-five years (aOR=2.05) were independently associated with death. The number of individual cases and hospital discharge records showed a marked seasonal pattern in the summer months, while the incidence of outbreaks was more stable. The case fatality rate was high in individual cases (18.44%) and in hospital discharges (16.07%). The hospitalization rate was 90.47% in individual cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of listeriosis in Spain is higher than the European Union average. Analysis of electronic hospital discharge records, together with surveillance data, provides a more complete epidemiological description. Control and prevention measures for this disease should be strengthened for the most affected groups, as well as for the highest-risk foods. The collecting information systems in the different registries must be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Approach to Childhood Obesity in Spain's Health Plans: a scoping review].","authors":"Eduardo Rondón Martínez, Sandra García Rivera, Lucía de-Luis-Cid, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Guadalupe García","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper aimed to evaluate the approach to childhood obesity in health plans and specific plans on obesity and childhood obesity at the national and/or regional level in Spain. Evaluating the approach to childhood obesity in regional and national health plans will make it possible to determine the extent to which this public health issue is prioritized and to identify potential areas for improvement, thereby providing evidence to support the development of more effective, coordinated, and equitable policies in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was carried out by consulting the institutional websites of health administrations and using the Google search engine; this began in March 2025 and was updated until May 2025, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR 2018 guidelines. Documents identified as general health plans or specific plans for obesity/childhood obesity at the national and regional levels were included. Six dimensions were defined for the evaluation: analysis and diagnosis, objectives, programs, financing, implementation, and evaluation, organized in twenty-four items. A qualitative synthesis of the plans addressing childhood obesity was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two plans were identified: sixteen general regional health plans, two specific national obesity plans (one focused on childhood obesity) and four obesity-specific regional plans (three of them on childhood obesity). Nine regional general plans included objectives related to childhood obesity, although most of them (n=8) were not quantified. The establishment of programs and activities in a defined manner specifically for childhood obesity was a deficient aspect of the plans identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The approach to childhood obesity in health plans and obesity-specific plans in Spain is limited. Greater specificity is required in the objectives, programs, and activities, with a more targeted approach. This allows us to reflect on the gaps in opportunity that need to be addressed in order to develop health plans related to childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}