María Osley Garzón Duque, Luis Manuel Ortiz Velázquez, Fabio León Rodríguez Ospina, Valentina Sánchez Pabón
{"title":"[Oral health related to working conditions, hygiene habits and health care in workers with subsistence jobs from Medellín (Colombia). Descriptive Study].","authors":"María Osley Garzón Duque, Luis Manuel Ortiz Velázquez, Fabio León Rodríguez Ospina, Valentina Sánchez Pabón","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recording the relationship between oral health conditions, habits, access and use of health services, sociodemographic and labor conditions in informal workers, provides evidence to design and implement public policies. The aim of this paper was to describe the relationship between the perception of fair, poor or very poor oral health and working conditions, hygiene habits and oral health care in workers with subsistence jobs from Medellin (Colombia), 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study with primary source of information was carried out, taken by survey of 686 informal workers. Variables were: sociodemographic conditions; labor conditions; habits; comorbidities; and oral health care. Dependent variable was perception of fair, poor or very poor oral health. Exploratory relational and multivalent analyses were made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Workers aged 50 (±11) years, 57.6% men, and 44.5% reported regular, bad/very bad oral health. Associated with this perception were: being male (PR=1.26/CI=1.05;1.51); being between thirty and forty-four (PR=3.04/CI=1.36;6.81), and ≥45 years old (PR=2.65/CI=1.17;6.00); income ≤500,000 $ Col (PR=1.20/CI=1.00;1.43); ≤5 years of schooling (PR=1.22/CI=1.01;1.27) and >30 years in their work; having an emergency dental consultation (PR=1.66/CI=1.10;2.52); considering the care to be average (PR=1.68/CI=1.02;2.75), bad or very bad (PR=2.00/CI=1.00;3.99) attention; changing toothbrush ≥1 per year (PR=1.80/CI=1.18;2.74); having lost teeth (PR=1.78/CI=1.33;2.38); having prostheses (PR=1.23/CI=1.03;1.47); problems chewing (PR=2.16/CI=1.86;2.51); swallowing (PR=1.84/CI=1.54;2.21); speaking (PR=1.35/CI=1.02;1.78); and consuming hot or cold food (PR=1.22/CI=1.03;1.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The conditions associated with worse oral health perception, such as income, schooling, habits and access to and use of oral health services, could be improved by incorporating public policy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Lozano Álvarez, Alba Moya Garcés, Liher Imaz Goienetxea, Ana Sofía Lameiras Azevedo, María Teresa Otero Barros, Carlota Ruiz de Porras Rubio, Pello Latasa Zamalloa, Miriam López Torrijos, Francisca Corpas Burgos, Diogo Marques, Miguel Ángel Sánchez Ruiz, Olaia Pérez Martínez, Susana Monge
{"title":"[Validity of case definitions for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection based on ICD-10 codes in four autonomous communities (Spain, 2021-2023)].","authors":"Marcos Lozano Álvarez, Alba Moya Garcés, Liher Imaz Goienetxea, Ana Sofía Lameiras Azevedo, María Teresa Otero Barros, Carlota Ruiz de Porras Rubio, Pello Latasa Zamalloa, Miriam López Torrijos, Francisca Corpas Burgos, Diogo Marques, Miguel Ángel Sánchez Ruiz, Olaia Pérez Martínez, Susana Monge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>ICD-10 diagnostic codes could be useful for automated surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). This study analyzed the validity of different SARI case definitions (CD) based on ICD-10 codes at hospital discharge in Catalonia, the Valencian Community, Galicia and the Basque Country between weeks 21/2021 and 39/2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with respiratory system codes (J00 to J99, R06, U07) and with a laboratory test performed were included, with the gold standard being positivity to the corresponding pathogen. The validity of all possible combinations of ICD-10 codes was estimated, prioritizing the CDs according to the average sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). Validity was estimated by age groups, but expert criteria were used to seek the optimal CD, unique for each pathogen, balancing validity and simplicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CD selected for influenza for any age included the specific codes J09.X, J10.0, J10.1, J10.2, J10.8 and J11 (Se=95.4; Sp=99.7), and for SARS-CoV-2, codes U07.1 and J12.8 (Se=95.9; Sp=98.3). For RSV, validity was lower, with significant heterogeneity by age and inclusion of non-specific codes. The optimal CD included codes J06, J12.1, J13, J20.5, J21.0 and J45 (Se=63.9; Sp=88.4), recommending adding J98 for adults and when it is important to maximize Se (Se=88.9; Sp=65.3). The overall CD for the three viruses was consistent with the specific CDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ICD-10 codes provides great validity in identifying influenza and SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations, but shows poorer performance and greater age-group variability for RSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Gullón Tosio, María Terol Claramonte, Almudena Rollán Gordo, Mª Auxiliadora Honorato Chullán, Álvaro Hernando Freile, David Montes Bentura, Andrés Cabrera-León
{"title":"[Prevention and management of obesity in childhood and adolescence: building social well-being through public action on the determinants of health].","authors":"Pedro Gullón Tosio, María Terol Claramonte, Almudena Rollán Gordo, Mª Auxiliadora Honorato Chullán, Álvaro Hernando Freile, David Montes Bentura, Andrés Cabrera-León","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":"e1-e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor Real Noval, Jennifer Fernández Fernández, Elsa Castelo Álvarez, José Fernández Mallo
{"title":"[Do patients with diverticula have a higher risk of developing polyps and colorectal cancer? Study in a spanish population].","authors":"Héctor Real Noval, Jennifer Fernández Fernández, Elsa Castelo Álvarez, José Fernández Mallo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diverticulosis, colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer are frequently encountered in colonoscopies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between these three conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study between January 2019 and December 2023 was done at Jarrio Hospital (Asturias, Spain). We included all patients with a first complete colonoscopy. Exclusion criteria were: previous colonoscopy or colorectal resection; age under sixteen years old; incomplete colonoscopy or insufficient bowel preparation. Information about age, sex, BMI, location and histology of polyps and location of diverticula and cancer was recorded. Logistic regression was carried out to identify the association between diverticulosis with polyps and neoplasms, as well as with other variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,328 patients were recruited. Prevalence of diverticular disease, polyps and colorectal cancer was 36.5%, 26.7% and 9.4%. Patients with polyps, diverticulosis and cancer were older and had higher BMI. Polyps and cancer were more common in men but no differences in prevalence of diverticular disease were found between men and women. Patients with diverticula had a higher risk of having polyps (Odds Ratio=1.3) but did not have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Diverticula, polyps and cancer were found more frequently in distal colon.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A positive association between the presence of diverticula and the appearance of polyps in the colon is found in this study. However, no significant statistical association is found between the presence of diverticula and colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Marcela Monroy Garzón, David Andrade Fonseca, Diana Alejandra Ruiz Rodríguez, María Zoraida Rojas, Eddison Ramírez-Merchán, Alexander Casallas-Vega
{"title":"[Self-reported quality of life of pediatric patients discharged from the Intensive Care Unit].","authors":"Adriana Marcela Monroy Garzón, David Andrade Fonseca, Diana Alejandra Ruiz Rodríguez, María Zoraida Rojas, Eddison Ramírez-Merchán, Alexander Casallas-Vega","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The experience of hospitalization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) affects several dimensions of the quality of life of the pediatric patient at discharge. These effects may be related to factors such as diagnoses, invasive procedures and disruption of their family ties. The objective was to measure the quality of life of children discharged from the PICU area, using the Kidscreen self-reporting instrument 27.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative approach of the analytical observational type was carried out, the population was made up of children who were hospitalized in the PICU for more than forty-eight hours and who are in their home environment. The Kidscreen 27 instrument was applied, which evaluated five dimensions of quality of life to forty-seven children between eight and eighteen years old. The correlation analysis used was the Mann-Whitney U statistical test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed statistical significant differences in quality of life between genders with a P value=0.002, with lower scores in physical activity in girls. Furthermore, respiratory pathologies were the main cause of admission to the PICU with 27.6%, highlighting the importance of family and social support. Finally, 89.9% of children underwent catheter and probe insertion procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multidisciplinary interventions and the need for a holistic approach in post-ICU care are required, with the aim of improving the quality of life of children and being able to reduce sequelae during their re-entry into society.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mª Victoria Caballero Martínez, María Isabel Porras Gallo
{"title":"[The role of international research stays and the European context of polio control in Spain].","authors":"Mª Victoria Caballero Martínez, María Isabel Porras Gallo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidemic emergence of poliomyelitis in Europe at the end of the 19<sup>th</sup> century and its global epidemic progression in the following decades generated great social concern and prompted the international fight against the disease, especially after 1953, when the World Health Organization (WHO) considered it an important international Public Health problem. Spain recorded small outbreaks, which became more intense after the Spanish Civil War and, particularly after 1950. In the middle of that decade, the first vaccines became available in the USA and Europe, and became the main tools to control polio. In Spain, Florencio Pérez Gallardo, from the National School of Public Health, led the work to study the magnitude of the disease and produce his own vaccine, for which he required international support. Within the framework of the social history of medicine, and using varied sources, our work places the Spanish vaccination strategy in the European context, highlighting the delay in its initiation and the deficiencies in its materialization. In addition, it analyses the role played by the international research stays of Pérez Gallardo and his team in order to overcome some limitations and, in 1963, to carry out the first national immunization campaign with Sabin vaccine, packaged by IBYS laboratories, showing the weight carried by their international relations, particularly with Albert Sabin.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Guijarro-Castro, María Cabrerizo Sanz, Josefa Masa Calles
{"title":"[The unremitting threat: enterovirus D68, acute flaccid myelitis, and epidemiological surveillance].","authors":"Cristina Guijarro-Castro, María Cabrerizo Sanz, Josefa Masa Calles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":"e1-e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blanca Iris García Díaz, Verónica Escorcia Reyes, Enrique Villareal Ríos, Liliana Galicia Rodríguez
{"title":"[Cost and percentage of health expenditure for the care of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in treatment with antiretrovirals].","authors":"Blanca Iris García Díaz, Verónica Escorcia Reyes, Enrique Villareal Ríos, Liliana Galicia Rodríguez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The disease generates cost in care and the cost of comprehensive care for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has an impact on the health budget. The objective of this paper was to determine the cost and percentage of health expenditure including medicines in the care of patients with HIV on antiretroviral treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cost study in patients diagnosed with HIV using information from the first and second level of care electronic clinical records was carried out. We worked with 246 patients that made up the total number of those existing at the time of the study. The profile of use of health services, fixed unit cost, variable unit cost, average unit cost, average annual cost per patient, annual cost for a population, and budget exercised by level of care were identified by level of care. The percentage of health spending was estimated based on spending on HIV and the budget spent at each level of care. Statistical analysis included averages percentages and projections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average annual cost at the first level of care was €55.86, at the second level of care €628.30. The average annual cost per patient was €684.16 and the percentage of HIV health spending was 1.41%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cost of care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus is high and varies depending on the services used; in the same way the percentage of health expenditure shows the same trend if the percentage of the affected population is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Artificial intelligence in Public Health: opportunities, ethical challenges and future perspectives].","authors":"Sergio Castaño Castaño","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming Public Health by providing innovative tools to address complex global challenges. Its ability to analyze large volumes of data in real time enhances epidemiological surveillance, optimizes healthcare resource management, and personalizes preventive interventions. These applications have proven valuable in situations such as pandemics, where AI algorithms have contributed to outbreak prediction, efficient resource allocation, and the design of targeted strategies. However, the adoption of AI also raises significant ethical and regulatory challenges. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and biases in models highlight the need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure its ethical and equitable use. Furthermore, the lack of training among Public Health professionals and the digital literacy of communities limit the potential impact of these technologies. This article examines the practical applications, ethical challenges, and strategies needed for the responsible adoption of AI in Public Health. It emphasizes the importance of training, interdisciplinary collaboration, and continuous research to ensure that AI becomes a transformative tool contributing to global well-being. If implemented ethically and sustainably, AI can play a crucial role in promoting equity and quality in Public Health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The role of the National Polio Laboratory and the network of Sub-National Laboratories in the eradication of poliomyelitis in Spain].","authors":"María Cabrerizo, Mª Dolores Fernández-García","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper was to describe the activities carried out by the National Poliovirus Laboratory (LNP) and the Spanish Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance Network. The LNP coordinates the network since 1998 and is responsible for the characterization of polioviruses (PV) and other enteroviruses (EV) detected, using cell culture and molecular methods. It is annually accredited by WHO and represents Spain in the World Health Organization European Polio Laboratory Network. In addition to the reported AFP cases, the network has analyzed since its creation an average of 9,000 clinical samples annually for EV, with a 7% of positive results. Two surveillance periods can be distinguished in Spain: from 1998 to 2004, when vaccine PV could be detected due to the use of the oral polio vaccine, and from 2005 onwards, when only three cases of imported vaccine-derived poliovirus have been identified following the introduction of the inactivated polio vaccine. In addition, between 70% and 85% of the EV samples received at the LNP are successfully genotyped. The work carried out by the lab network has contributed to the epidemiological and clinical surveillance and research of these infections, as well as to the rapid detection and characterization of imported poliomyelitis cases. This has facilitated the timely implementation of appropriate measures to prevent PV transmission and circulation in our country, in alignment with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"99 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}