Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

{"title":"[Cost-of-illness attributable to smoking: an overview of systematic reviews].","authors":"Scarlett Holguín Galvis, Paula Martín-García, Ferrán Catalá-López","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tobacco use constitutes a major global public health problem. The objective of this study was to conduct an overview of reviews on the cost-of-illness attributable to tobacco use, provide a map of the available evidence, identify sources of methodological heterogeneity, assess the quality of the studies, and formulate recommendations for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An overview of systematic reviews on tobacco cost-of-illness studies was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar (from January 1990 to June 2025). Results were synthesized narratively. The degree of overlap among primary studies was calculated, and the methodological quality of the systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and CiCERO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six systematic reviews (published between 1999 and 2020) encompassing 143 primary studies were included, with slight overlap among them. The cost-of-illness attributable to tobacco was estimated primarily in actively exposed populations, at the national level and on an annual basis, using prevalence-based approaches and considering multiple diseases, with emphasis on direct healthcare costs. Social costs of up to US$1.44 trillion worldwide (2012) were identified. All systematic reviews were rated as critically low according to AMSTAR 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most reviews identify a substantial economic impact of tobacco-attributable disease, comparability between estimation methods is low, and the methodological quality of systematic reviews still has room for improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Proportion of Trypanosoma cruzi serologies in pregnant women from endemic areas before and after the implementation of automated screening at Hospital Infanta Sofía (Madrid, Spain) between 2016 and 2020].","authors":"Sabina Bona Gazol, Eduardo Malmierca Corral","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in many Latin American countries but has become a global health concern due to increasing migration. Vertical transmission, particularly in non-endemic regions, underscores the importance of proper screening in pregnant women to enable early treatment of infected newborns and prevent long-term complications. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of Chagas serological screening in pregnant women before and after the implementation of an automated screening system at Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía in Madrid (Spain), and to assess its impact on detection rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, descriptive-analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study through the analysis and comparison of two defined time periods: before and after automation. Serological testing for T. cruzi was performed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 28.0.1.1, with a significance level of p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 736 women from World Health Organization-defined Chagas-endemic regions gave birth at the hospital during the study periods. Of these, 283 (38,2%) underwent screening. A statistically significant increase in screening was observed after the implementation of automation (from 0.5% in the first period to 76.4% in the second; p<0.001). Two positive cases of Chagas disease were detected, both during the second period, with no evidence of congenital transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The growing number of women of reproductive age migrating from endemic areas highlights the need for national policies ensuring universal Chagas screening during pregnancy, including at delivery, to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of congenital cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Socioeconomic Determinants of Childhood Obesity in the Community of Madrid (Spain): longitudinal study of the ELOIN cohort].","authors":"Myrian Pichiule-Castañeda, Honorato Ortiz-Marrón, Ana Gandarillas Grande, María-Felícitas Domínguez-Berjón","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood obesity is a Public Health problem that is unequally distributed across the population. The aim of this paper was to assess baseline socioeconomic determinants (ages four or six) and their association with obesity during follow-up up to age fourteen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from the ELOIN cohort (Estudio Longitudinal de Obesidad Infantil) with four standardized weight and height measurements at ages four or six, nine, twelve, and fourteen years old (follow-up 2012-2024) were included. Obesity was defined as BMI (Body mass index) greater than 2 standard deviations according to World Health Organization 2017 growth charts. Socioeconomic variables included: Family Affluence Scale (FAS-II), occupational social class, age, country of birth, and parental educational level. The prevalence of obesity was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) (95% CI) were estimated by socioeconomic factors using Poisson regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,124 participants (51% girls), 19.8% had at least one parent born outside Spain and 15.6% reported low family affluence. The highest point prevalence of obesity was observed at age nine (14.7%). Overall, 20.1% (95% CI:18.4-21.8) were classified in obesity in at least one of the four assessments. Higher obesity prevalence was observed in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Obesity was associated with being a boy (aPR:1.40; 95% CI:1.17-1.68 vs. girls) and low family affluence (aPR:1.36; 95% CI:1.03-1.80 vs. highest affluence).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A positive association between childhood obesity and being male, as well as, lower socioeconomic status was confirmed. Strategies for prevention and intervention should de prioritised for these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Trends in the Prevalence of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Navarre (2007-2023): A Population-Based Primary Care Study].","authors":"Edurne Ciriza Barea, Neus Saloni Gómez, Xabier Villabona Los Arcos, Edurne Lecea Malagón, Josu Delfrade Osinaga, Laura Barriuso Lapresa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Childhood obesity is one of the leading global public health challenges, with a sustained increase in prevalence since 1975. Spain has one of the highest prevalence rates in Europe, highlighting the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance to inform prevention policies. This study aimed to analyse trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the paediatric population of Navarre, Spain, from 2007 to 2023, and to assess the statistical significance of temporal changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based descriptive study was conducted among children aged <15 years living in Navarre during 2007-2023. Data were obtained from the electronic primary care health records of the Navarre Health Service (Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea), covering approximately 93% of the paediatric population. Body mass index (BMI) was expressed as age- and sex-standardised z-scores according to World Health Organization growth standards. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates were directly age-standardised using the 2016 Navarre population as the reference. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 and Joinpoint Regression Program version 4.5.0 softwares, comparing eight three-year periods stratified by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of excess weight was observed in both sexes and in all age groups between 2007 and 2023, mainly explained by a reduction in overweight of more than 5 percentage points in boys (from 21.8% to 16.5% in six-nine years and from 24.6% to 19.6% in ten-fourteen years) and somewhat less in girls (from 23% to 18.2% in six-nine years and from 22.1% to 20.5% in ten-fourteen years). In contrast, the prevalence of obesity only decreased in boys aged six-nine years (from 13.9% to 12.7%), remained stable in the rest (around 10% in girls aged six-nine years and 12% in boys aged ten-fourteen years), and showed an increasing trend in girls aged ten-fourteen years (from 6.9% to 7.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the prevalence of childhood overweight has declined, obesity remains a major public health concern in Navarre. These findings highlight the need to strengthen preventive strategies and implement targeted interventions according to sex and the severity of excess weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between connection with nature and determinants of health (obesity, mental health and quality of life) in childhood: protocol of a multicenter cross-sectional study].","authors":"Edurne Ciriza-Barea, Marta Carballal-Mariño, Francisco Díaz-Martínez, Catalina Núñez-Jiménez, Elena Sánchez-Almeida, Josep Vicent Balaguer-Martínez, Juan Antonio García-Sánchez, Susana Viver-Gómez, Pedro Gorrotxategi-Gorrotxategi, Elena Codina-Sampera, Noelia Moreno-López, Juan Antonio Ortega-García, Ferran Campillo-López","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interacting with nature has significant benefits for our physical and psychosocial health. However, a lack of contact with nature has been linked to various pathologies such as obesity, asthma, neurodevelopmental disorders, and learning disabilities. Furthermore, excessive screen use is also associated with health problems in children and adolescents, such as obesity, mental health problems (anxiety, depression), and sleep disorders. Lack of contact with nature from an early age, combined with excessive screen use, contributes to an unhealthy lifestyle and has been associated with the development of these pathologies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the degree of connection with nature, and the incidence of childhood and adolescent obesity and other common pathologies in Primary Care pediatric clinics: asthma, neurodevelopmental disorders, emotional and psychiatric disorders, as well as sleep disorders and worsening perceived quality of life. A descriptive cross-sectional study will be conducted through the PAPenRed research group of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEAPap) over a 12-month period (July 2025 to June 2026). During health visits for children aged seven to fourteen, three surveys will be administered simultaneously: one for the child, another for the parents, and a third for the pediatrician.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[What kind of food policies can implement the Spanish government to address the childhood obesity epidemic?]","authors":"Miguel Ángel Royo-Bordonada, Olga Leralta Piñán, Eduardo Montero, Félix Fuentenebro, Javier Guzmán","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity figures in Spain have stabilized but remain among the highest in Europe, with 34.1% of the population aged three to twenty-four showing excess weight, 10.3% obesity, and 31.2% abdominal obesity. Between 2019 and 2023, rates of overweight and obesity among children aged six to nine fell by 3.1 and 1.4 percentage points, respectively, yet remained stable in low-income families, thereby widening the social gap associated with the issue. Paradoxically, a follow-up study involving over a million Spanish children revealed that between 2006 and 2016-the decade following the launch of the NAOS Strategy (Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention)-obesity prevalence rose solely among those in the most disadvantaged areas; consequently, the ratio of obesity in the lower class compared to the upper class increased from 1.59 to 2.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Network of Schools of Health for Citizenship: health literacy as a strategy for equity and co-responsibility].","authors":"Pedro Gullón Tosio, María Fernández García, Nuria Prieto Fernández, María Puy Martínez Zárate, Pilar Aparicio Azcárraga, Cristina Medel Carrillo, Teresa Biec Amigo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":"e1-e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pilates Method in healthy pregnant women: impact on mental health and perception of health from Primary Care].","authors":"Juan Manuel Mérida-Téllez, Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz, Javier Fagundo-Rivera, Juan Gómez-Salgado","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pilates Method during pregnancy can improve mental health, well-being perception, and physical condition in healthy pregnant women. This study conducted a preference-based randomized clinical trial with 108 participants to evaluate the implementation of Pilates Method sessions within Primary Care. Group sessions, held twice weekly over twelve weeks, included strength, flexibility, postural control, breathing, and relaxation exercises. Results showed significant improvements in mental health and a positive trend in general health in the experimental group compared to the control. The intervention also enhanced social interaction, support network creation, and adherence to healthy habits, reinforcing primary prevention and overall well-being. These findings support incorporating Pilates Method as a complementary tool in prenatal care, promoting a holistic approach that combines physical, psychological, and social benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Working conditions and psychosocial health of Primary Care professionals].","authors":"Ángela Narbona-Gálvez, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Regina Allande-Cussó, Julio Torrejón-Martínez, Luis El Khoury-Moreno, Javier Fagundo-Rivera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychosocial risks have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of healthcare professionals. They regularly face heavy workloads, job insecurity, and considerable emotional strain. These factors not only affect their well-being but also influence the quality of care they provide. The transition into professional practice is often challenging, as many new professionals feel they lack sufficient practical training, making adaptation more difficult. In addition, temporary contracts increase uncertainty and can disrupt continuity of care. Long working hours also contribute to fatigue, which may negatively affect both workers' health and patient safety. In this context, adopting more flexible work models, providing appropriate psychological support, and encouraging continuous training are key strategies. These measures can help improve job stability, reduce burnout, and strengthen leadership within Primary Care teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148059397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient's perceived quality as a strategy for the identification of opportunities for improvement in the care of the tuberculosis service in a health center in Ecuador.","authors":"Cristian Joao Vázquez Taza, María José Culcay Veliz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Service quality determines user perception and satisfaction with the service. Therefore, a low perception of quality reflects dissatisfaction and potential problem areas. The objective of this research was to analyze the perception of quality of care in the Tuberculosis Control Program among adult patients treated at the La Troncal Type C Health Center (Ecuador). This research aimed to identify critical issues as opportunities for improvement in service delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample of 257 individuals was established. Patients were treated in the Tuberculosis Control Program from February to May 2023 at the La Troncal Type C Health Center (Ecuador). Simple random sampling was used. A sociodemographic and clinical data survey and ServQual were administered simultaneously to participants after receiving care at the tuberculosis service. Descriptive statistics tools, absolute and relative frequencies were used for qualitative variables. For quantitative variables, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were used. An inferential analysis was performed, determining differences in the level of perceived quality using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A mean of 4 was obtained for all dimensions of perceived quality. With the exception of age group and marital status, no other sociodemographic variables led to significant differences in the scores for the ServQual dimensions. The 18-25 age group had significant differences in the dimensions of reliability, security, sensitivity, and empathy. Statistical significance was observed for singles and people in a common-law relationship (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients treated in the Tuberculosis Control Program at the La Troncal Type C Health Center report a high level of satisfaction, reflected by a positive perception of the quality of care in the service. Quality perception allow us to identify opportunities for improvement related to service performance and records, as well as the root causes of these problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}