Revista espanola de salud publica最新文献

{"title":"[Epidemiological surveillance of Andes virus: have we really learned anything after COVID-19?]","authors":"Marta Carretero Rey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent Andes virus outbreaks have reignited international debate regarding Public Health preparedness for hantaviruses with documented interpersonal transmission capacity. Unlike other orthohantaviruses, Andes virus has demonstrated person-to-person transmission in specific epidemiological settings, including household and nosocomial environments. The recent emergence of cases linked to multinational outbreaks has prompted renewed assessments and recommendations from international public health organizations. This manuscript presents an epidemiological reflection on current surveillance challenges associated with emerging hantaviruses following the experience gained during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also reviews aspects related to zoonotic surveillance, molecular monitoring, early detection, and integrated One Health approaches applied to preparedness against future emerging threats. Available evidence highlights the need to strengthen multidisciplinary surveillance systems capable of integrating human, environmental, and zoonotic information in order to improve responses to complex epidemiological scenarios associated with emerging hantaviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of attitudes toward health promotion activities among university students: a descriptive study at the University of Huelva (Spain).","authors":"Francisca María García-Padilla, Almudena Garrido-Fernández, Andrés Arana-Rodríguez, Miriam Sánchez-Alcón","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The university provides a crucial opportunity for advocating health and well-being, both at the individual level and within the society it serves. The aim of this study was to assess university students' attitudes toward health promotion and to identify the factors that influence these attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a randomly selected sample of 1,486 first-year students at the University of Huelva. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and attitudes toward health promotion were assessed using the ATT-HP (Attitude-Health Promotion) scale and its subscales. Bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall attitude toward health promotion was high (M=56.63, SD=6.94). Higher scores were observed among older students, female students, those coming from vocational training programs, and those enrolled in social sciences and health-related degrees. Entry route into the degree program was the strongest predictor of attitude toward health promotion (β=0.10) and of the Predisposition subscale (β=0.11). Age was the most influential factor for the Valuation subscale (β=0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>First-year students at the University of Huelva exhibit a high level of positive attitudes toward health promotion. The degree entry route and age are the most influential factors. These sociodemographic variables should be considered when identifying health assets that support the implementation of more systemic health promotion models, as well as when designing health promotion interventions aimed at consolidating healthy practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147825396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Transmission patterns and hepatitis A outbreaks in Málaga: analysis from 2007 to 2024].","authors":"Blanca O'Donnell Cortés, Mª Del Rocío Lorenzo Ortega, Silvia Soler Méndez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The sexual transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been documented, particularly in men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging in high-risk behaviors. In recent years, HAV outbreaks have been increasingly reported among MSM. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends of HAV cases in Málaga from 2007 to 2024 to identify changes in the disease's epidemiological pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective descriptive study of HAV cases reported in the Andalusian Epidemiological Surveillance System (SVEA) from January 2007 to November 24, 2024. Annual incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. Age and sex distributions were analyzed annually and for outbreak periods (2008-2009; 2016-2017) and inter-outbreak periods (2010-2015; 2018-2022; 2023-2024). Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the Poisson method was applied to calculate the 95% confidence intervals of the male-to-female ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two periods were identified with an IR exceeding seven cases per 100,000 inhabitants, primarily due to cases among men aged fifteen-fourty-four years old. In other years, the IR remained below four cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with no significant differences between sexes and with children under fifteen years being the most affected group. However, in 2023-2024, cases among men and older age groups began to increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Men aged fifteen-fourty-four play a critical role in recent HAV outbreaks. Collecting detailed data on transmission mechanisms and risk behaviors is essential to enable early outbreak detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban context, socioeconomic status, and adolescent physical activity: qualitative findings from Madrid and Bilbao.","authors":"Áxel De León Marcos, Jesús Rivera Navarro, Ainara San-Juan-Escudero, Leyre Gravina Alfonso","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Urban and social environments strongly shape adolescents' opportunities to engage in physical activity, with inequalities in socioeconomic status, infrastructure and neighbourhood conditions creating uneven access. This study explored the determinants underlying unequal participation in physical activity among adolescents in Madrid and Bilbao.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A constructivist qualitative case study informed by grounded theory was conducted in secondary schools in Madrid and Bilbao between February 2022 and April 2024. Schools were selected from neighbourhoods with differing socioeconomic profiles. Fieldwork included thirty six semi structured interviews and twenty-four focus groups, analysed through open, axial and selective coding supported by Atlas.ti.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major thematic categories were identified: 1) Household socioeconomic conditions as a determinant of physical activity; 2) The role of the educational community in shaping physical activity engagement; 3) Perceived insecurity, the appropriation of public space and gender; 4) Urban realities and their influence on physical activity practices. Distinct patterns emerged between Madrid and Bilbao, linked to urban structure, the use of sports facilities, and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Economic, spatial and social inequalities limit equitable access to physical activity. The findings underscore the need for context sensitive policies that integrate socioeconomic and urban factors and strengthen the role of schools in reducing adolescent health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Preventive measures against urinary tract infections in women during perimenopause and postmenopause].","authors":"Lía Ricart-Barreiro, Alejandra Alonso-Calvete, María López-Pais, Daniel Tomé-Lage, Irimia Mollinedo-Cardalda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause are stages characterized by hormonal changes that can cause vasomotor symptoms, menstrual alterations, and genitourinary manifestations. These modifications in the vaginal mucosa and pH increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although pharmacological treatment is the most common approach, multiple preventive strategies are available. The aim of this review was to analyze the scientific literature on UTI prevention and assess its effectiveness in women during perimenopause and postmenopause.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science, and Scopus using the terms urinary tract infections, menopause, premenopause, and postmenopause. Randomized controlled trials published in Spanish, English, Portuguese, and Italian were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,777 studies were identified, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. The included trials evaluated hormonal, pharmacological, and natural prophylactic interventions. The primary outcome was the number of UTI episodes, measured through diagnostic tests or clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Various prophylactic options (hormonal, pharmacological, and natural) have proven effective in reducing the incidence of UTIs in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The choice of preventive strategy should also take into account additional clinical and safety variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147517992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[La ciencia de la recuperación de adicciones con sustancia: aplicaciones en Salud Pública].","authors":"Antonio Jesús Molina Fernández, Irene María Arribas Tiemblo, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Banesa Mena García, Elena Ayllón Alonso, Jesús Saiz Galdós","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intervention about addictive behaviours, especially in substance use, has been advancing from traditional therapeutic communities and drug-free programs to comprehensive care networks and harm reduction programs. Addiction recovery is based on the development of capabilities, skills, and competencies that allow the person who has had an addiction problem to generate an alternative lifestyle to the use of substances (or other addictive behaviours) and not only approach treatment from the presence or absence of the main substance. During the 21st century, the so-called Recovery Science has been developed, identifying the theoretical and practical aspects, concepts and constructs of addiction recovery. This article presented a narrative review of the main theories, aspects, and strengths of Recovery Science, as well as its limitations and applications. The main findings are that recovery-based programs are highly effective for the individuals for whom they are designed, but are more difficult for specific groups (women, especially those with children; young people with conduct disorders; users of new psychoactive substances). In conclusion, it is necessary to strengthen experimental and quasi-experimental studies that allow for a better understanding of what works and what doesn't in Recovery Science.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On efficacy in courses of causes of death certification to physicians in specialty training].","authors":"Lluís Cirera Suárez, Sergio Maeso Martínez, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Diego Salmerón Martínez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The causes of death are the pathologies that physicians fill on death certificates. The causes of death quality is a mandatory requirement for useful mortality statistics. To train physicians is essential for the correct fulfillment of death causes. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of courses on causes of death certification to all physicians in specialty training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive observational epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of medical death certification in eighteen in-person courses using a quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design aimed to all physicians during their specialty training in Spain. We assessed: legible handwriting; logical sequence; absence of abbreviations and acronyms; causal sequence, no added causes, no omitted causes; immediate, intermediate, fundamental causes, other conditions, and underlying cause. Correct toll was the achievement of 2/3 of the maximum score; and Suitable, the achievement of the correct score in logical and causal sequences, without added or omitted causes, and the three underlying causes of initial and final paired cases. We applied bivariate statistics to paired/unpaired indicators between individual/grouped pre-posttests, and multivariate statistics adjusting for evaluator and course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>96% of cases were included, and the 85% paired pre-posttests. The individual indicators grouped into Form, Concept, Result, and Total, improved significantly from the pretest. The matched and adjusted analysis showed a 26% to 80% increase of Suitable physicians in specialty training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy of the courses on medical certification is assessed. Systematic courses on certification of causes of death for all physicians in specialty training should be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147446388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of gastrointestinal infections in schoolchildren and adolescents in Tharaka (Kenya) and applicability of the SODIS method for disinfecting domestic drinking water].","authors":"Juana Redondo-Sánchez, Vidal Barrón-López de Torre, José M Puentes-Parras, Mercedes Cano-Gamero, Ángela Muñoz-Muñoz, Eva Macías-Aguera, Gordiano Fernández-Montserrat, Estrella Giménez-Buiza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Gastrointestinal diseases are a very common pathology in children in Tharaka (Kenya) and are associated with the consumption of untreated water. The objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence of these infections and to evaluate the feasibility of solar water disinfection (SODIS) as a household water purification solution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational and descriptive study was carried out by collecting drinking water samples from two different sources and, on the other hand, microbiological analysis of fecal samples from 227 children from different schools in the area. In addition, the SODIS method was applied under local conditions to evaluate its efficacy in the elimination of pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SODIS method was able to completely eliminate fecal coliforms in the treated water samples after six hours of solar exposure and, in the case from the riverbed, two hours was enough, due to the combination of high solar radiation and temperature in the area. Between 13% and 24% (depending on the school) of the fecal samples tested positive for protozoa, the most frequent being Giardia Lamblia followed by Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba histolytica. Boys showed a higher incidence than girls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high prevalence of gastrointestinal infections is related to the consumption of contaminated water. The SODIS method proves to be effective, inexpensive and easy to apply, constituting a viable option for improving child health in communities without access to safe drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Response to hepatitis b vaccination in at-risk group patients].","authors":"Victoria García Martín, Eva Jiménez González de Buitrago, Bárbara Arana Aragón, Laura Moratilla Monzó, Inés Fernández Jiménez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is known that between 5-10% of individuals vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) do not develop protective antibody levels. Several factors negatively influence the immune response. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the immunological response to HBV vaccination in at-risk populations and analyze its variation according to the type of vaccination schedule (primary vaccination or booster dose), age, sex, and risk group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted on patients between 04/11/2021-15/06/2023 at the Preventive Medicine vaccination clinic at Hospital Infanta Leonor (Madrid, Spain). Patients from risk groups who had completed a full vaccination schedule (high-dose or adjuvant vaccine) or received a booster dose were included. Criteria for exclusion were incomplete vaccination schedules and absence of post-vaccination serology. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used, including all available patients who met the inclusion criteria. The sample size was 77 patients. Variables considered were: age, sex, risk pathology, and HBsAbs levels at 1 to 2 months post-vaccination. The immune response (HBsAbs ≥10 mUI/ml) was analyzed according to the collected variables using chi-square and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 572 patients that were assessed, 97 had received vaccination. Serology data was available for 77 patients: primary vaccination (n=51), booster dose (n=24), and revaccination (n=2). Mean age was 43.7 (15.7) years, 76.6% were men. Distribution by risk group was: 59.7% HIV, 28.6% immunosuppression, 11.7% chronic kidney disease. Among the 77 patients included in the study, 87% (95% CI: 77.4-93.6) responded to vaccination, with differences in response evident in the age ranges: 96.8% (95% CI: 83.3-99.9) of those under fourty years of age responded adequately compared to 50% (95% CI: 18.7-81.3) of those over fifty-five years (p=0.002). In the primary vaccinated group, those patients that were over fifty-five years of age had a 96% lower probability of mounting an adequate immune response compared to those under fourty years, adjusted for other variables (OR=0.04, 95%CI: 0.002; 0.70) (p=0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most individuals vaccinated against HBV show an adequate immune response, although older age is associated with a reduction in response to the vaccination. Maintaining complete and updated vaccination schedules is essential, especially in older patients, to ensure effective protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Public deliberation on nutrition in childhood and adolescence].","authors":"Francisco Javier García-León","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public Health actions are considered more effective when, in addition to incorporating the best available evidence, they also integrate the values of the target population. Within the framework of a review on the use of public deliberation methods in Public Health decision-making, I identified three studies addressing interventions related to diet and physical activity in children and adolescents, all conducted in Australia. One study examined deliberations on the sponsorship and advertising of food and beverages at children's sporting events; another focused on the acceptability of food and beverage taxation as a strategy to reduce childhood obesity rates; and the third explored the most appropriate governmental measures to improve the well-being of Aboriginal Australian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":94199,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de salud publica","volume":"100 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}