Resuscitation plus最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of coronary perfusion pressure and diastolic blood pressure calculation methods in a swine model of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation","authors":"Jeremy C. Zuckerberg ,&nbsp;Tiffany Ko ,&nbsp;M. Katie Weeks ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Widmann ,&nbsp;Martha F. Kienzle ,&nbsp;Hunter A. Gaudio ,&nbsp;Luiz Eduardo V. Silva ,&nbsp;Ron W. Reeder ,&nbsp;Robert M. Sutton ,&nbsp;Robert A. Berg ,&nbsp;Todd J. Kilbaugh ,&nbsp;Ryan W. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Measurement of coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is important for titration of physiologic-directed CPR. However, agreement between different calculation methods and their relative performance as outcome discriminators are not well established.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four calculation methods, differentiated by sampling technique, were retrospectively applied to pressure waveforms from piglet CPR: late diastole (CoPP₆₅, DBP₆₅), mid-diastole (CoPP₅₀, DBP₅₀), diastolic minimum (CoPP_min, DBP_min), and diastolic mean (CoPP_mean, DBP_mean). Intermethod agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis and Cohen’s kappa statistic. Logistic regression was used to evaluate performance in discriminating return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to identify optimal thresholds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative to CoPP₆₅, measurements by CoPP₅₀, CoPP_min, and CoPP_mean were within 5 mmHg limits of agreement (LOA) in 97%, 64%, and 99% of instances with kappa 0.88, 0.76, and 0.91, respectively. Relative to DBP₆₅, measurements by DBP₅₀, DBP_min, and DBP_mean were within 5 mmHg LOA in 98%, 71%, and 99% of instances with kappa 0.90, 0.80, and 0.91, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for CoPP₆₅, CoPP₅₀, CoPP_min, and CoPP_mean were 0.777, 0.792, 0.787, and 0.788, and optimal thresholds to discriminate ROSC were 15.3, 15.8, 12.3, and 14.7 mmHg, respectively. The AUCs for DBP₆₅, DBP₅₀, DBP_min, and DBP_mean were 0.813, 0.827, 0.833, and 0.826, and optimal thresholds to discriminate ROSC were 28.6, 27.3, 26.2, and 29.7 mmHg, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During piglet CPR, measurements by late diastole, mid-diastole, and diastolic mean strongly agreed, whereas those at diastolic minimum were more discrepant. All methods performed similarly in discrimination of ROSC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of the OverCool study: Lung-conservative liquid ventilation for the induction of Ultra-Rapid Cooling after Cardiac Arrest (OverCool)","authors":"Renaud Tissier ,&nbsp;Fabio Silvio Taccone ,&nbsp;Lionel Lamhaut ,&nbsp;Eric Vicaut ,&nbsp;Fabrice Paublant ,&nbsp;Jean-Damien Ricard ,&nbsp;Alain Mercat ,&nbsp;Alain Cariou","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The therapeutic window within which induced hypothermia might be effective after cardiac arrest is still unknown. In animal cardiac arrest models, early induction and faster cooling are independently associated favorable outcome. However, induction of Ultra-Rapid Therapeutic Hypothermia (achieving core body temperature of 33.0 ± 0.5 °C within 60 min after the start of the procedure) still need to be evaluated in the human setting. Total liquid ventilation with temperature-controlled breathable liquids provided such rapid cooling (i.e. &gt;15 °C/h cooling rate) in both small and large animals. This method was shown to improve neurological outcome in animals. A new medical device system, Vent2Cool, was developed for clinical use in the Intensive Care Unit to achieve ultra-rapid therapeutic hypothermia by total liquid ventilation to patients.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The non-blinded and single-arm OverCool pilot trial will evaluate the feasibility, cooling performance and safety of ultra-rapid therapeutic hypothermia by total liquid ventilation in 24 patients resuscitated after in- or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Inclusion criteria will include presumption to start ultra-rapid cooling procedure in the Intensive Care Unit within less than 120 min after resuscitation. The primary outcome will be the achievement of a core temperature of 33.0 ± 0.5 °C, as well as successful return to conventional gas ventilation within &lt;60 min after procedure initiation. Secondary outcomes will include time to reach target temperature, vital status, systemic and pulmonary parameters and modified-Rankin Score at 28 days post- cardiac arrest.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The OverCool study is a pilot study to validate performance and safety of ultra-rapid therapeutic hypothermia using total liquid ventilation for resuscitated cardiac arrest patients.</div></div><div><h3>Registration and authorization</h3><div>NCT06798818. Authorized by the French “Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé” and “Comité de Protection des Personnes” (Ethics Committee).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological innovations in layperson CPR education – A scoping review","authors":"Abigail E. Schipper ,&nbsp;Charles S.M. Sloane ,&nbsp;Lydia B. Shimelis ,&nbsp;Ryan T. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rapid initiation of CPR is key for survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, making bystander CPR education a key part of the cardiac chain-of-survival. CPR classes continue to include new technologies that enable more widespread and high-fidelity training. We aimed to examine the landscape of technological innovations in layperson CPR training since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science from database inception to July 2024 for studies. We included articles with layperson CPR classes that included a technological advance, either in the equipment or mode of delivery of education. We focused on studies published after the start of 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1070 studies screened, 50 met the selection criteria. The primary groups of technology found were extended reality (20), feedback devices (11), asynchronous video instruction (10), tele-education (5), and low-cost CPR manikins (4). These technologies show promise to offer comparable or improved effectiveness compared to traditional options. Several topics may warrant further investigation, such as cognitive load associated with extended reality, the practicality of student-created CPR training devices, and possible interactive effects between technologies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Future systematic reviews should evaluate the specific learning contexts for which these individual technologies, or combinations of these technologies, may be best suited to guide regulating bodies and CPR instructors in their pedagogical decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten years of Basic Life Support provider course: results and challenges from the Italian Resuscitation Council’s experience","authors":"Giuseppe Stirparo ,&nbsp;Giovanni Gaetti ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ristagno ,&nbsp;Giovanni Babini ,&nbsp;Samantha Di Marco ,&nbsp;Andrea Scapigliati ,&nbsp;Alessandro Galazzi ,&nbsp;Alberto Cucino ,&nbsp;on behalf of the Italian Resuscitation Council Scientific Committee","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Widespread basic life support (BLS) training plays a central role in improving cardiac arrest (CA) survival. This study presents an extensive analysis of numbers, candidates’ characteristics, and outcomes over 10 years of BLS provider courses organized by the Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC) in Italy.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This is a retrospective analysis of data recorded in the national IRC BLS training database from January 2014 to December 2023. Candidates’ demographic and professional factors were analyzed with regional differences and course outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the study period, a total 906,686 candidates attended the course, 646,743 (71.3%) of whom were healthcare professionals (HP) and 259,943 (28.8%) non-healthcare professionals (NHP). The percentage of candidates passing the final exam was 99.5% for HP and 99.8% for NHP. The rate per 1000 HP per year of physicians and nurses attending the BLS course varied considerably across the Italian regions, ranging from 4.2 in central Italy to 669.7 in some northern areas. The rate per 1000 inhabitants of NHP per year attending the BLS course was also different among regions, varying from 0.1 in the southern and central regions up to 1.7 in the northern and northeastern ones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pass rate of the BLS provider course is overall very high, indicating that it provides an easy and accessible set of skills for both HP and NHP candidates. Regional disparities (e.g. the rates of trained individuals and distribution between HP and NHP) and the low attendance of retraining courses represent important challenges that need to be addressed. Analysing training registers is a valuable tool for better planning future training projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation and patient’s sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Giulia Catalisano ,&nbsp;Mariachiara Ippolito ,&nbsp;Noemi Spina ,&nbsp;Pasquale Iozzo ,&nbsp;Alberto Nicolò Galvano ,&nbsp;Antonino Giarratano ,&nbsp;Andrea Cortegiani","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>The chain of survival, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillation (AED), improves patients’ outcomes in case of cardiac arrest. Socioeconomic status, race, and gender appear to be associated with the likelihood of receiving resuscitation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between female sex and the odds of bystander CPR initiation and AED application in patients with cardiac arrest, compared with male individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The protocol of this systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024512024). PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched for studies describing the association between patient sex and the initiation of bystander CPR or the application of AED pads.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen observational cohort studies were included, for a total of 499,854 patients. The analysis from adjusted estimates of the primary outcome showed substantial heterogeneity (<em>I</em>² = 89%, very low certainty evidence) and was narratively summarised. Female sex was associated with reduced odds of AED pad application compared with males (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.94; <em>P</em> = 0.008; <em>I</em>² = 45%; moderate certainty evidence).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The evidence regarding the association between bystander CPR initiation and patient’s sex is characterised by substantial heterogeneity. Female sex appears to be associated with a lower probability of AED pad application compared with males.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and outcome of patients with cardiac arrest after avalanche accidents in the Swiss Alps: A retrospective analysis","authors":"Jürgen Knapp ,&nbsp;Daniel Höftmann ,&nbsp;Roland Albrecht ,&nbsp;Sven Straumann ,&nbsp;Mathieu Pasquier ,&nbsp;Urs Pietsch","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Our aim is to evaluate the management and outcome of avalanche victims in cardiac arrest (CA), focusing on the adherence to international management guidelines and to identify ways to improve the future care of avalanche victims through retrospective evaluation of the missions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed a retrospective cohort of all avalanche victims in CA treated by Swiss Air-Rescue Rega between 2010 and 2024. Data regarding the avalanche burial (type of burial, burial duration, presence of a patent airway) were evaluated, as were helicopter operational data, data on prehospital medical care [cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts, airway management, core temperature], transport destination, data from further in-hospital treatment if applicable [core temperature, type of rewarming, serum potassium levels, extracorporeal life support (ECLS)] as well as patient outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>147 patients could be evaluated. 50 (34%) were declared dead without CPR efforts. CPR was started in 97 patients (66%), of whom 19 achieved ROSC (13%). Only 4 of these patients survived to hospital discharge (3%), 3 of whom had a good neurological outcome (2%). 34 patients (23%) were transported to hospital while CPR was ongoing, of whom in 11 (7%) ECLS was tried to initiate. None of these patients survived to hospital discharge. 27 patients (18%) were not treated in accordance with the guidelines. 22 of these (15%) were (potentially) undertreated (mainly in the sense of transport to a non-ECLS centre, although an ECLS centre would have been correct), 5 (3%) were overtreated (mainly in the sense of transport under ongoing CPR, although not indicated). 61% were tracheally intubated. On admission, core temperature was 1.9 °C (95% confidence interval 1.1–2.7) lower than the temperature measured on scene.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients who suffer a CA in avalanche accidents have a very poor outcome. A high proportion of patients were not tracheally intubated during transport, cooled down further during resuscitation and transport or were not transported to ECLS centres although indicated. On the other hand, the outcome of ECLS patients is extremely poor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of atrial mechanical systole and arterial pulse during ventricular fibrillation: The atrial pulse","authors":"Federico Pappalardo,&nbsp;Nicoletta D’Ettore,&nbsp;Serena Ambrosi,&nbsp;Andrea Montisci","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep disorders after cardiac arrest: Prevalence and relation with cognitive function","authors":"A.B. Glimmerveen ,&nbsp;J. Bos ,&nbsp;E.G.J. Zandbergen ,&nbsp;J. Hofmeijer ,&nbsp;H.M. Keijzer","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Long term cognitive impairment affects about half of cardiac arrest survivors, typically attributed to postanoxic encephalopathy. Sleep disorders are common after acute brain injuries and may also impair cognition. We investigated the prevalence of sleep disorders in cardiac arrest survivors and their relation with cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Thirty survivors completed neuropsychological examination and questionnaires on mood (Hospital anxiety and depression scale), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), and underwent polysomnography one year after cardiac arrest. Questionnaire outcomes and objective sleep parameters (sleep-apnea, leg movements, cyclicity) were correlated with performance on neuropsychological tests using Pearson R, Kruskal-Wallis, or Mann-Whitney U tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six percent of participants had moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, and 43% moderate to severe periodic limb movements during sleep according to polysomnography. Obstructive sleep apnea was correlated with poorer executive functioning (<em>R</em> = −0.38; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and memory (<em>R</em> = −0.50; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Fewer sleep cycles were correlated with poorer attention (<em>R</em> = 0.36, <em>p</em> = 0.05). Questionnaire outcomes (mood, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality) were not related to cognition. Participants with moderate/severe obstructive sleep apnea had worse executive functioning than those with no/mild obstructive sleep apnea (<em>p</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This explorative study shows moderate to severe sleep disorders are common in cardiac arrest survivors and that moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea relates to poorer cognitive function. This implies that diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea may offer a treatment target for cardiac arrest survivors with cognitive impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing crisis communication through visual CPR documentation","authors":"Pablo Hasbún,&nbsp;Javiera García,&nbsp;María José Galleguillos,&nbsp;Andres Ferre,&nbsp;Andres Giglio","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the terminology of first responders alerted for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by medical dispatch centres: An international consensus study on nomenclature","authors":"Camilla Metelmann ,&nbsp;Bibiana Metelmann ,&nbsp;Michael P. Müller ,&nbsp;Tommaso Scquizzato ,&nbsp;Enrico Baldi ,&nbsp;Tomas Barry ,&nbsp;Bernd W. Böttiger ,&nbsp;Hans-Jörg Busch ,&nbsp;Maria Luce Caputo ,&nbsp;Sheldon Cheskes ,&nbsp;Ruggero Cresta ,&nbsp;Charles D. Deakin ,&nbsp;Eva Degraeuwe ,&nbsp;Ankur A. Doshi ,&nbsp;Mette M. Ekkel ,&nbsp;Daniel Elschenbroich ,&nbsp;David Fredman ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Gamberini ,&nbsp;Julian Ganter ,&nbsp;Finn L. Henriksen ,&nbsp;Robert Greif","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Emergency medical services target to reduce time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation by alerting additional individuals to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Multiple terms are used to describe these individuals, potentially causing confusion and hindering comparisons. This international consensus study aimed to establish standardised terminology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-six interdisciplinary researchers from four continents participated in a symposium on “Community First Responders” with the objective of standardising relevant terminology. Initially, terms were proposed anonymously for individuals alerted during work hours and those alerted during leisure time. Each term was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Terms receiving a high level of agreement were included in the final voting process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven terms were suggested for individuals alerted during work hours. In the first voting “first responder”, “professional first responder”, and “on-duty first responder” achieved high agreement. Ultimately, consensus was reached on the term “on-duty first responder”.</div><div>For individuals alerted during leisure time, ten terms were proposed. Among these, “first responder”, “citizen first responder”, “community emergency responder”, “community first responder”, “volunteer first responder”, “volunteer responder”, and “volunteer community first responder” reached high agreement. In the final vote “community first responder” was selected.</div><div>The consensus group agreed that the overarching term “first responder” should be used to describe all community-based individuals, who are alerted, regardless of whether they are on duty or off duty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This consensus study recommends using the terms “on-duty first responder” and “community first responder” to describe individuals additionally alerted by medical dispatch centres to facilitate early intervention in OHCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}