Resuscitation plus最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in resuscitation: a scoping review","authors":"Drieda Zace ,&nbsp;Federico Semeraro ,&nbsp;Sebastian Schnaubelt ,&nbsp;Jonathan Montomoli ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ristagno ,&nbsp;Nino Fijačko ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Gamberini ,&nbsp;Elena G. Bignami ,&nbsp;Robert Greif ,&nbsp;Koenraad G. Monsieurs ,&nbsp;Andrea Scapigliati","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in medicine, with growing interest in its potential to improve outcomes in cardiac arrest (CA). However, the scope and characteristics of current AI applications in resuscitation remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on AI applications in CA and resuscitation and identify research gaps for further investigation. PRISMA-ScR framework and ILCOR guidelines were followed. A systematic literature search across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane identified AI applications in resuscitation. Articles were screened and classified by AI methodology, study design, outcomes, and implementation settings. AI-assisted data extraction was manually validated for accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 4046 records, 197 studies met inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective (90%), with only 16 prospective studies and 2 randomised controlled trials. AI was predominantly applied in prediction of CA, rhythm classification, and post-resuscitation outcome prognostication. Machine learning was the most commonly used method (50% of studies), followed by deep learning and, less frequently, natural language processing. Reported performance was generally high, with AUROC values often exceeding 0.85; however, external validation was rare and real-world implementation limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While AI applications in resuscitation demonstrate encouraging performance in prediction and decision support tasks, clear evidence of improved patient outcomes or routine clinical use remains limited. Future research should focus on prospective validation, equity in data sources, explainability, and seamless integration of AI tools into clinical workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of rescuer position, arm angle, and anthropometric variables on muscle fatigue during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an international multicentric randomized crossover simulation study","authors":"Carla Sa-Couto ,&nbsp;Pedro Sa-Couto ,&nbsp;Abel Nicolau ,&nbsp;Marc Lazarovici ,&nbsp;Christoffer Ericsson ,&nbsp;Pedro Vieira-Marques ,&nbsp;Ingrid Bispo","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a lack of studies using surface electromyography (sEMG) to objectively assess the impact of rescuer position and arm angle on muscle fatigue during CPR. Additionally, the relationship between anthropometric variables (height and weight) and muscle fatigue remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aims to objectively assess muscle fatigue during CPR by analyzing <em>triceps brachii</em> sEMG activation during continuous chest compressions (CCs) across different rescuer positions and arm angles. A secondary objective is to examine correlations between anthropometric variables and muscle fatigue, while also evaluating the impact of CCs quality on fatigue levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This international, multicentric, randomized crossover simulation trial included healthcare professionals assigned to one of four rescuer positions: kneeling on the floor, standing, standing on a step stool, and kneeling on a bed. Participants performed two 3-minute trials of continuous CCs at 90° and 105° arm angles. Muscle fatigue was assessed via sEMG, while compression quality was evaluated using manikin-derived data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 72 participants were included. The 105° arm angle significantly increased muscle fatigue compared to 90° (p &lt; 0.001) across all rescuer positions. Taller and heavier rescuers exhibited lower fatigue for both arm angles (p &lt; 0.05); however, fatigue levels were consistently higher at 105° than at 90°.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Arm angle is a key determinant of rescuer muscle fatigue, with 105° increasing fatigue compared to 90°. Rescuer position alone was not significant, though fatigue was more pronounced in kneeling and elevated positions. Taller and heavier rescuers demonstrated greater endurance but remained affected by suboptimal arm angles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video vs. traditional laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation at birth or in the neonatal unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Joe Fawke ,&nbsp;Daniela T. Costa-Nobre ,&nbsp;Jasmine Antoine ,&nbsp;Ruth Guinsburg ,&nbsp;Maria Fernanda de Almeida ,&nbsp;Georg M. Schmölzer ,&nbsp;Myra H. Wyckoff ,&nbsp;Gary M. Weiner ,&nbsp;Helen G. Liley ,&nbsp;the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Neonatal Life Support Task Force","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Videolaryngoscopy may increase neonatal intubation success when used by neonatologists and anesthesiologists. It is not known if this is true for intubations by neonatal clinicians only in neonatal units or on delivery suites.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To critically appraise evidence on the success of tracheal intubation with video laryngoscopy compared to traditional laryngoscopy in infants at birth or in a neonatal unit.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>Systematic review of studies identified by MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Clinical Trial Databases searched from inception to August 22, 2024, without language restrictions.</div></div><div><h3>Inclusion criteria</h3><div>Studies that addressed the PICOST question: In infants receiving tracheal intubation at birth or on a neonatal unit (population), does video laryngoscopy (intervention), compared with traditional laryngoscopy (comparator), improve success (outcome)? Studies that included preoperative intubation or studies of video laryngoscopy use specifically for difficult airways were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Study appraisal and synthesis methods</h3><div>Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 or ROBINS-I, meta-analysis using RevMan v. 5.4.1, and certainty of evidence using GRADEPro. Studied outcomes were successful tracheal intubation, successful intubation at first attempt, in-hospital mortality, adverse events attributed to laryngoscopy and perception of the intubating clinician.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1261 records screened, six randomized controlled trials reporting 817 infants receiving 862 tracheal intubations were included. Success of intubation was higher overall with video laryngoscopy <strong>[</strong>relative risk 1.43; 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.77; <em>p</em>-value = 0.001; moderate certainty evidence] and at first attempt [relative risk 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.33–1.84; <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.001; high certainty evidence]. For mortality or adverse outcomes including airway trauma, esophageal intubation, desaturation &lt;80%, bradycardia to either &lt;60 or &lt;100 beats/minute, clinical benefit or harm could not be excluded. Two randomised controlled trials reported intubator perceptions, but results could not be combined. Most of the first attempts in the randomised controlled trials were by inexperienced intubators. Four observational studies (3,289 infants; 3,342 intubations) showed increased success at first attempt with video laryngoscopy [relative risk 1.78; 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.74; <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.001; very low certainty evidence].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For infants in the delivery room or neonatal unit, use of video laryngoscopy improved overall and first attempt intubation success.</div><div><strong>Prospero Registration:</strong> CRD42023467940.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CPR emojis and stickers – Additional pieces of the BLS awareness puzzle","authors":"Christoph Veigl,&nbsp;Francesco Adami,&nbsp;Robert Greif,&nbsp;Federico Semeraro,&nbsp;Sebastian Schnaubelt","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced airway interventions for paediatric cardiac arrest: updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jason Acworth ,&nbsp;Jimena del Castillo ,&nbsp;Elliott Acworth ,&nbsp;Lokesh Tiwari ,&nbsp;Jesus Lopez-Herce ,&nbsp;Eric Lavonas ,&nbsp;Laurie Morrison ,&nbsp;Barnaby R. Scholefield ,&nbsp;on behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Paediatric Life Support Task Force","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Airway management is vital in paediatric resuscitation, especially since respiratory conditions are frequently the primary cause of paediatric cardiac arrest. Placement of an advanced airway device may facilitate more effective resuscitation than bag-mask ventilation but requires more skilled personnel and the time taken to perform the procedure may interfere with other vital components of resuscitation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the use of advanced airway interventions, tracheal intubation (TI) or supraglottic airway (SGA) placement, compared with bag mask ventilation (BMV) alone for resuscitation of children in cardiac arrest.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>This was an update to a previous systematic review performed by ILCOR. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted for suitable studies published before 1 January 2025. This systematic review was registered as PROSPERO CRD42023482459.</div></div><div><h3>Study eligibility</h3><div>Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised comparison studies involving airway interventions (BMV, TI, SGA) in infants and children (excluding newborn infants) in cardiac arrest in any setting were included.</div></div><div><h3>Study appraisal &amp; synthesis</h3><div>Investigators reviewed studies for relevance, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the RoB 2 and CLARITY frameworks. Critically important outcomes included survival to hospital discharge and survival with good neurological outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 20 suitable studies (13 from the original systematic review and 7 from the updated search), including 1 pseudorandomised clinical trial, 6 observational cohort studies using propensity matching, and 9 simple cohort studies suitable for <em>meta</em>-analysis. The majority of studies involved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, with few studies exploring in-hospital cardiac arrest. The overall certainty of evidence was low to very low. For the critically important outcomes of survival to hospital discharge with good neurologic outcome and survival to hospital discharge, results showed no benefit from advanced airway interventions (TI or SGA) over BMV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There is currently no supporting evidence that an advanced airway (supraglottic airway or tracheal intubation) during CPR improves survival or survival with a good neurological outcome after paediatric cardiac arrest in any setting when compared with bag-mask ventilation.</div><div>Well-designed randomised trials are needed to address this important question.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Compare the Effectiveness of Cognitive Aid Use During Resuscitation with no Use of Cognitive Aids on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality and Performance","authors":"Sultan Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching the administration of naloxone via nasal spray in virtual reality: a pilot study","authors":"Nino Fijačko,&nbsp;Mihec Korpič Lesjak,&nbsp;Robert Greif","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current practice in pediatric post-cardiac arrest care: a national survey among Italian pediatric intensivists","authors":"Giovanni Babini ,&nbsp;Alberto Cucino ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Stirparo ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ristagno ,&nbsp;Carlo Agostoni ,&nbsp;Mirjana Cvetkovic ,&nbsp;Italian Network of PICU Study Group (TIPNet)","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Pediatric post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) is an evolving science with many uncertainties leading to many variations in practice. This study aimed to investigate the current practice in PCAC care across Italian paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), interviewing a cohort of pediatric intensivists.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An electronic survey with 69 questions was distributed to 54 physicians from 23 PICUs in Italy. The survey covered various domains of PCAC care, including hemodynamics, oxygenation and ventilation, sedation, seizure and temperature control, infection treatment, glycemic control, transfusion practice, neuroprognostication, post-CA recovery and rehabilitation, organisation and local protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight out of 54 invited physicians (51%) completed the survey, accounting for 82% of the participating PICUs. Up to 80% reported no specific PCAC protocol in their PICU. Half of the respondents suggested specific recommendations for patients of lower ages, particularly infants. Significant variability was observed in hemodynamic monitoring and support; 45% did not have a specific hemodynamic target, while 41% aimed for a systolic arterial pressure above the 50th age-specific percentile. Seventy-one percent lacked a protocol for target temperature management (TTM), with significant variability in practice. Sixty-four percent did not have a scheduled follow-up program for survivors after hospital discharge. A rehabilitation program for survivors and psychological support for patients and their families were available in half of the instances. Neuroprotective strategies, prognostication, and hemodynamic management were the top PCAC research priorities reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed significant variability in PCAC care practices among pediatric intensivists. The majority of surveyed practitioners evidenced the limits of current PCAC evidence, potentially advocating the need for further research. The top three areas recognised as PCAC research priorities include hemodynamic optimisation, neuroprotective therapies and neuroprognostication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Zhejiang, China based on Electronic Medical Record Surveillance","authors":"Shanshan Chen ,&nbsp;Hengjie Li ,&nbsp;Pin Pin Pek ,&nbsp;Senjun Jin ,&nbsp;Marcus Eng Hock Ong ,&nbsp;Wenwei Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a critical challenge for public health, with wide variation in epidemiology and outcomes in different countries and regions. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes for OHCA in Zhejiang, China based on Electronic Medical Record Surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study using the Zhejiang Emergency Command Center Electronic Medical Record System in Zhejiang Province, China. We included OHCA cases with non-traumatic, aged 18 years and above and had resuscitation attempted by emergency medical services (EMS). All data were collected and reported using the Utstein template. The primary outcomes were survival to discharge or 30th day, the secondary outcomes were survival with favorable neurological outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>6923 non-traumatic OHCA patients with aged 18 and above were identified. The OHCA incidence assessed by EMS was 37.6 per 100,000 population. The median age was 68 (54–79) years, with more than half of patients aged 65 or older. 4860 (70.2%) were male, 5033 (72.7%) had cardiac arrest at home. 2889 (41.7%) patients had bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Among 6923 non-traumatic, 608 (8.8%) patients had shockable rhythm, 497 (7.2%) patients achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 82 (1.2%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Under 65 years of age who received bystander CPR, 173 (12.1%) patients achieved ROSC, 43 (3.0%) patients survived to hospital discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The survival after OHCA in Zhejiang Province is unsatisfactory, especially for those above 65 years patients. Electronic Medical Record Surveillance can assist the implementation of the chain of survival to improve outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency medical services, treatment of cardiac arrest patients and cardiac arrest registries in Europe – Update on systems","authors":"Anneli Strömsöe ,&nbsp;Ingvild B.M. Tjelmeland ,&nbsp;Siobhan Masterson","doi":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Incidence and survival rates following cardiac arrest vary significantly across Europe. While several studies have sought to address the knowledge gap in the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), they have not successfully identified the reasons behind these disparities. This study aims to provide an updated overview of European Emergency Medical Systems (EMS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A questionnaire consisting of 35 main questions was used. The survey encompassed topics related to ambulance and dispatch characteristics, on-scene cardiac arrest management, as well as the availability and scope of datasets in cardiac arrest registries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Survey responses were received from 27 European countries. While there were differences in the proportion of staff with advanced life support skills between countries, these staff were almost invariably dispatched in the event of a cardiac arrest call. First responder systems were available in only 17 countries. There were huge differences in ambulance control models, with the number of dispatch centres ranging from 0.4 to 42.2 per million population. Nine countries reported having out-of-hospital registries of prehospital cardiac arrest with national coverage while only three countries had registries of in-hospital cardiac arrest with full coverage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There are differences in EMS structures and the management of OHCA across Europe. Understanding these discrepancies is essential for improving OHCA outcomes and fostering greater uniformity in emergency response protocols throughout the region. Although there has been an increase in the population covered by a cardiac arrest registry, there is still a need to expand registry coverage, especially for registries of in-hospital cardiac arrest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94192,"journal":{"name":"Resuscitation plus","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}