Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献_第3页

The Accuracy of Single-Time-Point Physical Activity Measures Compared to Multi-Year Composite Scores from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. 与英国老龄化纵向研究的多年综合评分相比，单时间点体力活动测量的准确性。

IF 1.6

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2531971

Paul H Lee

{"title":"The Accuracy of Single-Time-Point Physical Activity Measures Compared to Multi-Year Composite Scores from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.","authors":"Paul H Lee","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2531971","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2531971","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the validity of using baseline physical activity as a proxy for habitual activity in longitudinal research. Data were sourced from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), including older adults aged 50+ in England, observed over a 20-year period with data collected every 2 years from 2002 to 2023. A total of 12,099 participants from Wave 1 of ELSA (2002-2003) (mean age 64.2, 44.1% male) were included in the analysis. Physical activity frequency was measured using self-reported questionnaires at each of the 10 Waves, and a 10-wave composite score was created using the available physical activity data. Health outcomes included depressive symptoms, executive function, memory, quality of life, and self-rated general health. Baseline and 10-wave composite physical activity measures were moderately to strongly correlated (ρ = 0.56-0.72), with comparable associations observed for health outcomes such as moderate activity with depressive symptoms and general health, and vigorous activity with executive function and quality of life. The composite score, however, demonstrated larger effect sizes and better reflected the decline in physical activity over time. To conclude, baseline physical activity measurements can serve as a reliable proxy for habitual activity in longitudinal studies, though multiple measurements over time improve statistical power.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unilateral High-Load Resistance Training Increases Absolute but Not Relative Muscular Endurance in the Contralateral Untrained Limb. 单侧高负荷阻力训练增加了对侧未训练肢体的绝对肌肉耐力，但没有增加相对肌肉耐力。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2528821

Jun Seob Song, Ryo Kataoka, Yujiro Yamada, William B Hammert, Anna Kang, Vickie Wong, Robert W Spitz, Aldo Seffrin, Witalo Kassiano, Jeremy P Loenneke

{"title":"Unilateral High-Load Resistance Training Increases Absolute but Not Relative Muscular Endurance in the Contralateral Untrained Limb.","authors":"Jun Seob Song, Ryo Kataoka, Yujiro Yamada, William B Hammert, Anna Kang, Vickie Wong, Robert W Spitz, Aldo Seffrin, Witalo Kassiano, Jeremy P Loenneke","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2528821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2528821","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate whether unilateral resistance training can enhance absolute and relative muscular endurance in a trained arm and an untrained arm (cross-education of muscular endurance), and if this is mediated by increases in strength. 160 participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) training on the dominant arm followed by non-dominant arm (D + ND), 2) training on the dominant arm (D-Only), 3) training on the non-dominant arm (ND-Only), and 4) a time-matched non-exercise control (Control). Training involved 6-week (x3/week) of elbow flexion exercise. Each training session started with 1RM training (≤five attempts), followed by four sets of high-load exercise (8-12RM). Changes in muscular endurance and 1RM strength of the non-dominant arm were compared among groups. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the influence of 1RM strength changes on muscular endurance. Changes in absolute muscular endurance of the non-dominant arm were greatest in D + ND (10.7 reps) and ND-Only (10.1 reps), while the changes were greater in D-Only (4.9 reps) when compared to Control (1.2 reps). Changes in relative muscular endurance of the non-dominant arm were only observed in D + ND (1.6 reps) and ND-Only (2.0 reps). Increased 1RM strength positively mediated the changes in absolute muscular endurance, whereas it negatively mediated the changes in relative muscular endurance. Unilateral high-load resistance training increased absolute muscular endurance in both a trained and untrained arm, likely driven by increased strength. In contrast, no cross-education of relative muscular endurance was observed.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of a Gender-Equitable Motor Skill Intervention on Changes in Object Control Skills and Held Stereotypes of Preschool-Aged Children. 性别平等运动技能干预对学龄前儿童物体控制技能和固有刻板印象变化的影响。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2525182

Ali Brian, Sally Miedema, Alex Stribing, Emily Gilbert, Adam Pennell, Jenna Fisher, Matthew Patey, Kelly Lynn Mulvey

{"title":"The Effects of a Gender-Equitable Motor Skill Intervention on Changes in Object Control Skills and Held Stereotypes of Preschool-Aged Children.","authors":"Ali Brian, Sally Miedema, Alex Stribing, Emily Gilbert, Adam Pennell, Jenna Fisher, Matthew Patey, Kelly Lynn Mulvey","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2525182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2525182","url":null,"abstract":"Despite no anthropometric differences until postpubescence, preschool-aged girls tend to show greater difficulty performing manipulative object control skills than boys of the same age. Purpose: As object control skills are derived from a blend of experience and culture, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gender-equity gross motor skill intervention on object control skills and held stereotypes of preschool-aged children. Method: Participants included children (N = 93; Mage = 47.38, SD = 6.21 months, range = 36.67-60.25 months) from classrooms randomly assigned to intervention (n = 4) and control (n = 2) conditions. We conducted three separate ANOVA with repeated measures for our main aim, with post hoc analyses confirming the results and including Bonferroni adjustments. For the exploratory aim, we conducted two point-biserial correlations-one for boys and one for girls. Results: Results showed no differential effects for the intervention based upon biological sex and that intervention groups saw significant improvements in their object control skills when compared to control. Simultaneously, intervention children reported significantly reduced held stereotypes when compared to control children that were associated with improvements in object control skills. Conclusion: A gender-equitable object control skill intervention significantly improved young children's object control skills and reduced held stereotypes, with no differential effects based on biological sex. Future research should continue to focus on gender equitable interventions and include families and other stakeholders in the intervention process.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Injuries in Female Soccer Athletes: Risk of Injury Across Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle. 女足球运动员的损伤：月经周期不同阶段的损伤风险。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2515968

Wlaldemir Roberto Santos, Frederico Camarotti Júnior, Danilo Barbosa, Kauã Vieira Ginnari, Aryelle Karla Samuel Gomes Dos Santos, Beneuan de Oliveira Timoteo, Manoel da Cunha Costa, Marlene Salvina Fernandes da Costa, Pedro Pinheiro Paes

{"title":"Injuries in Female Soccer Athletes: Risk of Injury Across Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle.","authors":"Wlaldemir Roberto Santos, Frederico Camarotti Júnior, Danilo Barbosa, Kauã Vieira Ginnari, Aryelle Karla Samuel Gomes Dos Santos, Beneuan de Oliveira Timoteo, Manoel da Cunha Costa, Marlene Salvina Fernandes da Costa, Pedro Pinheiro Paes","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2515968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2515968","url":null,"abstract":"The Menstrual Cycle (MC) involves hormonal changes that impact physical performance and increase the risk of injuries in female athletes. This study aimed to evaluate the injury risk in female soccer players during different phases of the MC, along with their characteristics, aiming at prevention and training strategies. It is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and retrospective study with Brazilian professional female soccer players. The sample consisted of 53 athletes (mean age 21.7 ± 4.9 years), 20 (37.7%) of whom had injuries in the last season. All participants had a regular MC and were registered in the professional roster. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, covering personal and sports information, injury history in the last 12 months, and gynecological conditions. Injuries were correlated with the phases of the MC. The statistical analysis used the Pearson χ2 test to compare the occurrence of injuries between the MC phases, with significance set at p < .05. A significant association was found between injuries and the phases of the MC, with the early follicular phase showing the highest proportion of injury rates (35.0%; p < .001; OR = 37.20), especially among midfielders (42.8%). Of these, 66.7% sustained contact injuries, all during training, with joint origins localized in the knee. Thus, we suggest that the early follicular phase may represent a period of increased vulnerability to injury risk. However, prospective and longitudinal studies across various leagues are needed to clarify the influence of the MC on these athletes' injuries.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creativity in Motion: How a Single Aerobic Exercise Session Affects Divergent Creative Thinking. 运动中的创造力：单次有氧运动如何影响发散性创造性思维。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2513362

Kabir Sodhi, Samantha Marshall, Gianna Jeyarajan, Jennifer Hanna Al-Shaikh, Raphael Gabiazon, Lindsay S Nagamatsu

{"title":"Creativity in Motion: How a Single Aerobic Exercise Session Affects Divergent Creative Thinking.","authors":"Kabir Sodhi, Samantha Marshall, Gianna Jeyarajan, Jennifer Hanna Al-Shaikh, Raphael Gabiazon, Lindsay S Nagamatsu","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2513362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2513362","url":null,"abstract":"Creativity, a key cognitive process for innovation, involves generating novel and valuable ideas. While aerobic exercise is linked to cognitive benefits, its effects on creative thinking remain unclear. Evidence suggests that both single and consecutive exercise sessions may enhance creative thinking, yet the optimal intensity and timing of exercise for benefiting creative thinking have not been fully explored. This study examined whether a 20 minute moderate-to-vigorous cycle session influences divergent creative thinking, and how timing of assessment affects performance. Fifty-one young adults completed Guilford's Alternate Uses Task (AUT) under three conditions: post-exercise, during exercise, or control (after watching an exercise video). AUT performance was measured by fluency (number of ideas), validity (practicality of ideas), flexibility (number of categories), and originality (creativity ratings on a 1-5 scale). No significant differences between the control and post-exercise groups were found. However, those assessed during exercise showed lower originality, fluency, and validity, likely due to dual-task interference. These findings suggest that a 20 minute aerobic session does not enhance creativity and may hinder it when assessed during exercise. The study highlights the need for further research to clarify how exercise intensity, duration, and timing impact creative thinking to optimize potential cognitive benefits.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Concentric Fatigue Index, Improves in O₂ Saturation Post Exercise at Low Velocities, and Increases Work Output at High Velocities. 缺血预处理降低同心疲劳指数，提高低速运动后的O₂饱和度，并增加高速运动时的功输出。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2510620

William Dos Santos, Izabela A Santos, Gustavo R Mota, Enrico Fuini Puggina

{"title":"Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Concentric Fatigue Index, Improves in O₂ Saturation Post Exercise at Low Velocities, and Increases Work Output at High Velocities.","authors":"William Dos Santos, Izabela A Santos, Gustavo R Mota, Enrico Fuini Puggina","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2510620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2510620","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Pursuing athletic performance optimization has driven interest in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) techniques. IPC, involving limb occlusion and reperfusion cycles, has shown promise due to its noninvasive nature and ease of application. This study aimed to analyze whether IPC can positively affect isokinetic elbow flexion testing at different speeds assessed by electromyographic (EMG) and variables such as nitric oxide (NO), heart rate (HR), and oximetry. Methods: Thirteen trained men (23.8 ± 2.7 years, 88.6 ± 14.5 kg, 178 ± 0.9 cm, 27.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 body mass index) underwent isokinetic elbow flexion testing at 60°/s and 180°/s under IPC (3 cycles of 5 min at 220 mmHg - 5 min of reperfusion at 0 mmHg) and control conditions. Results: IPC significantly increased total work at 180°/s (4589.6 ± 1828.0 J vs. 3587.8 ± 1277.0 J, p = .01; ES = 0.59) and reduced the concentric fatigue index at both 60°/s and 180°/s (according to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC)). At 60°/s, post-exercise oxygen saturation improved significantly (p < .01). No differences were observed in torque, mean power, EMG, or nitric oxide levels (p > .01). Conclusion: IPC enhanced total work at 180°/s and reduces concentric fatigue index at both speeds. No differences were found in EMG activity, may suggest that IPC effects may relate more to peripheral than neuromuscular mechanisms. These findings suggest IPC is a viable strategy to optimize strength and recovery, particularly in speed-dependent movements.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endurance Athletes Are More Resistant to Mental Fatigue Than Nonathletes. 耐力运动员比非运动员更能抵抗精神疲劳。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2501972

Sarvenaz Daneshgar-Pironneau, Michel Audiffren, Alison Lorcery, Abdelrahni Benraïss, Francesco Mirabelli, Davide Gargioli, Nathalie André

{"title":"Endurance Athletes Are More Resistant to Mental Fatigue Than Nonathletes.","authors":"Sarvenaz Daneshgar-Pironneau, Michel Audiffren, Alison Lorcery, Abdelrahni Benraïss, Francesco Mirabelli, Davide Gargioli, Nathalie André","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2501972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2501972","url":null,"abstract":"Acute mental fatigue refers to a temporary decline in cognitive function resulting from prolonged mental effort pertaining to a cognitively demanding task. Previous studies have indicated that acute mental fatigue decreases performance on subsequent physical effortful tasks as well as the capacity and/or motivation to invest mental effort. Scholars have recently suggested that aerobic training can enhance willpower. We hypothesized that endurance athletes are less responsive to the detrimental effects of acute mental fatigue than are nonathletes. Two groups of participants (50 athletes vs. 50 nonathletes) completed a sequential task protocol involving 30 minutes of a modified computerized incongruent Stroop task (effortful task) and 30 minutes of watching a documentary (control task), which were counterbalanced between two separate sessions; these tasks were followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) handgrip task at 13% of participants' maximal voluntary contraction (dependent task). Psychophysiological indices (preejection period, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate) were assessed continuously throughout the experiment. The behavioral results indicated that only nonathletes exhibited worse performance on the TTE handgrip task after performing the Stroop task. The performance of participants in both groups was similarly impacted by mental fatigue during the Stroop task, and all the participants reported higher levels of subjective fatigue after completing the Stroop task. The psychophysiological data suggest that sympathetic activity decreased over time during these two cognitive tasks due to habituation (i.e. decreased arousal). Overall, these results suggest that endurance athletes are less susceptible to the negative effects of acute mental fatigue.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sodium Nitrate Improves Oxidative Energy Contribution and Reduces Phosphocreatine Contribution During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. 在高强度间歇运动中，硝酸钠可提高氧化能贡献率并降低磷酸肌酸贡献率。

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2396146

Henrique Silva Sacramento, Lucas Chalegre da Silva, Marcelo Papoti, Fabrício Eduardo Rossi, Willemax Dos Santos Gomes, André Dos Santos Costa, Eduardo Zapaterra Campos

{"title":"Sodium Nitrate Improves Oxidative Energy Contribution and Reduces Phosphocreatine Contribution During High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise.","authors":"Henrique Silva Sacramento, Lucas Chalegre da Silva, Marcelo Papoti, Fabrício Eduardo Rossi, Willemax Dos Santos Gomes, André Dos Santos Costa, Eduardo Zapaterra Campos","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2396146","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2396146","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to verify the effect of acute nitrate supplementation on oxidative, phosphocreatine, and glycolytic energy contribution (COXI, CPCr, and CLAC, respectively) during a high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE). Fifteen physically active subjects were submitted to incremental running test on a treadmill and two random HIIE (10 × 1 min at maximal aerobic speed with 1 min of passive recovery) in the following conditions: sodium nitrate (SN) or Placebo (PL). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare COXI, and CPCr within the 10 efforts. Student t test was used to compare total COXI, CPCr, CLAC, as well oxidative and non-oxidative contribution. Considering the 10 efforts, COXI presented the main effect for condition (F = 16.7; p = .001; SN: 1.9 ± 0.1 L; PL: 1.6 ± 0.1 L), and no interaction effect (F = 0.9; p = .415), while CPCr presented effect for condition (F = 13.4; p = .003; SN: 1.2 ± 0.1; PL: 1.4 ± 0.8 L), and no interaction (F = 1.2; p = .317). Total oxidative contribution were higher (p < .001) after SN (19.1 ± 3.4 L) than Placebo (16.7 ± 3.1 L), while total CPCr were lower (p = .002) after SN (12.4 ± 2.5 L) than PL (14.1 ± 2.6 L). Total energy contribution were not different between trials. Acute dose of SN supplementation improved oxidative contribution during HIIE, and reduced CPCr. Higher COXI is likely related to increased oxygen kinetics, while the lower CPCr might be related to the improved energetic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Isometric Handgrip Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Changes in Resting Blood Pressure. 有无血流限制的等长握手训练对静息血压变化的影响

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2418567

Robert W Spitz, Vickie Wong, Yujiro Yamada, Ryo Kataoka, Jun Seob Song, William B Hammert, Aldo Seffrin, Zachary W Bell, Jeremy P Loenneke

{"title":"The Effect of Isometric Handgrip Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Changes in Resting Blood Pressure.","authors":"Robert W Spitz, Vickie Wong, Yujiro Yamada, Ryo Kataoka, Jun Seob Song, William B Hammert, Aldo Seffrin, Zachary W Bell, Jeremy P Loenneke","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2418567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2418567","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of high-intensity contractions and low-intensity contractions with and without blood flow restriction on changes in blood pressure and hemodynamic parameters. A total of 179 participants (18-35 years) were randomly assigned to one of three training groups that exercised 3 times per week for six weeks or a non-exercise control group. The groups are as follows: 1) Control [CON, n = 44]; 2) completed 4 sets of two-minute isometric contractions at 30% maximal voluntary contraction [LI, n = 47]; 3) completed 4 sets of two-minute isometric contractions at 30% maximal voluntary contraction with a 12 cm cuff inflated to 50% of arterial occlusion pressure [LI+BFR, n = 41]; or 4) completed 4 maximal isometric contractions lasting 5 seconds [MAX, n = 47]. Blood pressure, vascular resistance, and reactive hyperemia were measured at pre and post. Data are presented as means (SD). There was no evidence that SBP (BF10: 0.066), DBP (BF10: 0.057), vascular resistance (BF10: 0.085), or peak reactive hyperemia changed (BF10: 0.044) or A.U.C. (BF10: 0.074). Change scores for SBP were 1.1 (6.7), 0.7 (5.8), -0.4 (6.5), and -0.9 (6.3) mmHg for CON, LI, LI+BFR, and MAX, respectively. DBP change scores were 1.5 (6.6), 1.5 (7), -0.7 (5.9), and 0.3 (6.3) mmHg for CON, LI, LI+BFR, and MAX, respectively. Although recommended as a non-pharmacological method of blood pressure control, isometric exercise with or without BFR did not lower blood pressure. Future work could examine the inclusion of a daily strength test prior to the low intensity protocol.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"418-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Distance Effect in Focus of Attention: Spatial or Temporal Distance? 注意力集中的距离效应：空间距离还是时间距离？

Research quarterly for exercise and sport Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2413860

Yonjoong Ryuh, Cole Geschwender, Joonhee Kim, Kevin Becker

{"title":"The Distance Effect in Focus of Attention: Spatial or Temporal Distance?","authors":"Yonjoong Ryuh, Cole Geschwender, Joonhee Kim, Kevin Becker","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2413860","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2413860","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The benefit of an external focus over an internal focus has been well-established. Within this literature, several studies have documented a distal effect of attentional focus by comparing the efficacy of a proximal and distal external focus. A potential confound is that most distal focus cues direct the performer's attention to an outcome occurring after the completion of movement, while the proximal cues direct attention to something that occurs during the movement process. This study aims to disentangle whether the distal effect of attentional focus comes from spatial distance (proximal vs. distal) or temporal distance (during vs. after). Method: To test this, we employed a two-handed underhand medicine ball throw for maximum distance with 38 healthy young adults. This study employed five conditions: baseline, internal-during, internal-after, external-during, and external-after focus. Results: The result indicated that both external-during and -after foci elicited a significantly greater throwing distance than internal-during (p = .006) and internal-after (p < .001), where internal-after even significantly underperformed than baseline (p = .02). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that using an outcome cue unrelated to the intended action does not enhance motor performance. Rather, the most effective approach is to use an external cue that represents the action effect either during or after the movement.","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0