Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"Muscle Swelling and Neuromuscular Responses Following Blood Flow Restricted Exercise in Untrained Women.","authors":"Christopher E Proppe, Paola M Rivera, David H Gonzalez-Rojas, David H Fukuda, Abigail T Wilson, Hansen A Mansy, Ethan C Hill","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2391422","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2391422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> There is conflicting evidence related to the prevalence and magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) following four sets to volitional failure with BFR (BFR-F) or 75 total repetitions with BFR (1 × 30, 3 × 15, BFR-75). The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle swelling, peak torque, and neuromuscular responses following BFR-75 and BFR-F. <b>Methods:</b> Thirteen untrained women completed unilateral isokinetic (120°s^-1) leg extensions concentric-eccentric at 30% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using BFR-75 and BFR-F protocols, separated by 15 minutes. Ultrasound was used to assess muscle thickness, cross sectional area, and echo intensity of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis before, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise. Peak torque and surface electromyography (sEMG) were recorded during MVICs before, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise to determine sEMG amplitude, frequency, and neuromuscular efficiency. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences between conditions. Collapsed across conditions, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area increased at 0-hours for the rectus femoris (2.5 ± 0.4, 2.8 ± 0.4 cm, 10.6 ± 1.8, 12.1 ± 1.8 cm², respectively) and vastus lateralis (2.1 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 0.7 cm; 22.2 ± 3.9, 25.1 ± 4.5 cm², respectively), but returned to baseline at 24-hours. There were no changes in echo intensity, sEMG amplitude, sEMG frequency, or neuromuscular efficiency. MVIC peak torque increased relative to pre-exercise at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours (159.9 ± 34.9, 171.4 ± 30.1-179.1 ± 35.6 Nm). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results suggest that BFR-75 and BFR-F did not cause EIMD but caused an acute increase in muscle swelling that returned to baseline 24-hours post-exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Eccentric Cycling Intensities on Brachial Artery Endothelial Shear Stress and Blood Flow Patterns.","authors":"Manuel Gomez, Samuel Montalvo, Alejandro Sanchez, Daniel Conde, Gabriel Ibarra-Mejia, Luis E Peñailillo, Alvaro N Gurovich","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2404139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2404139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eccentric exercise has gained attention as a novel exercise modality that increases muscle performance at a lower metabolic demand. However, vascular responses to eccentric cycling (ECC) are unknown, thus gaining knowledge regarding endothelial shear stress (ESS) during ECC may be crucial for its application in patients. The purpose of this study was to explore ECC-induced blood flow patterns and ESS across three different intensities in ECC. Eighteen young, apparently healthy subjects were recruited for two laboratory visits. Maximum oxygen consumption, power output, and blood lactate (BLa) threshold were measured to determine workload intensities. Blood flow patterns in the brachial artery were measured via ultrasound imaging and Doppler on an eccentric ergometer during a 5 min workload steady exercise test at low (BLa of 0-2 mmol/L), moderate (BLa 2-4 mmol/L), and high intensity (BLa levels > 4 mmol/L). There was a significant increase in the antegrade ESS in an intensity-dependent manner (baseline: 44.2 ± 8.97; low: 55.6 ± 15.2; moderate: 56.0 ± 10.5; high: 70.7 ± 14.9, all dynes/cm2, all <i>p</i> values < 0.0002) with the exception between low and moderate and Re (AU) showed turbulent flow at all intensities. Regarding retrograde flow, ESS also increased in an intensity-dependent manner (baseline 9.72 ± 4.38; low: 12.5 ± 3.93; moderate: 15.8 ± 5.45; high: 15.7 ± 6.55, all dynes/cm2, all <i>p</i> values < 0.015) with the exception between high and moderate and Re (AU) showed laminar flow in all intensities. ECC produced exercise-induced blood flow patterns that are intensity-dependent. This suggests that ECC could be beneficial as a modulator of endothelial homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Laterality and Prosthesis on Performance Among Para Surfers: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Maureen E Johnson, Philip Furley, Anna Ishizawa","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2503360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2503360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this study was to investigate performance differences in competitive adaptive/para surfers with upper and/or lower limb amputations, congenital limb impairments, or dysmelia who surf in the standing position. <b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study explored the impact of wave direction; laterality, or surf stance, such as goofy (right foot forward) versus regular (left foot forward); and use of prosthesis on performance using judged wave scores among competitive surfers from 2019 to 2022. Archived records of classified surfers with eligible impairment of limb deficiency were reviewed. Data was divided into surfing profile and surfing performance. <b>Results:</b> Participants (<i>n</i> = 86; male = 64; female = 22) from 22 nations met inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in wave direction, laterality, or prosthesis use; however, more frontside waves were ridden. Significant differences were found between male (single-wave score 4.62/10; total wave score 9.25/20) versus female surfers (single-wave score 3.44/10; total-wave score 6.82/20) for average single wave score (t(49,490) = 2.989, <i>p</i> = .004, two-tailed; d = .647) or average total wave score (t(48.768) = 2.585, <i>p</i> = .003, two-tailed; d = 0.670). <b>Conclusion:</b> Although limited to sample size, adaptive/para surfing performance may be more influenced by training and skill acquisition than laterality or use of prosthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effect of Moderate-Intensity Steady-State Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Exercise in a Mentally Fatigued State on Subjective Ratings of Mental Fatigue.","authors":"Ewen Randfield, Shaun M Phillips","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2496269","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2496269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effect of 10 min moderate-intensity steady-state exercise (SS) vs. high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in a mentally fatigued state on ratings of mental fatigue (MF). Twelve physically active males (age 20.5   ±   0.5 years) completed a 30 min computerized Incongruent Stroop-Word-and-Colour-Test (C-ISWCT) followed by one of the following in a randomized order: A) 5 min light-intensity warm-up, then continuous cycling at 60% maximum heart rate (SS), B) 5 min light-intensity warm-up, then 3  ×  20s sprints interspersed with 3 min unloaded cycling (HIIE), C) 15 min rest (CON). Mental fatigue visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings increased statistically significantly pre- to post-MF protocol in all trials (F_1,11 = 114.11, <i>p</i> < .001). Post-warm-up MF ratings were not statistically significantly different between trials but showed a moderately greater reduction in SS vs. CON (d_<i>unb</i> = -0.66) and a large reduction in HIIE vs. CON (d_<i>unb</i> = -0.84). Post-exercise MF ratings were statistically significantly lower in SS and HIIE vs. CON (<i>p</i> = .005, d_<i>unb</i> = -1.52 and <i>p</i> = .006, d_<i>unb</i> = -1.43, respectively). Ten minutes SS exercise and HIIE are similarly effective at attenuating perceptions of MF compared with CON. Short bouts of exercise may combat perceived MF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaelic Football Coaches' Use of a Game-Based Approach Impacts Game Performance, Session Characteristics, and Player Perceptions.","authors":"Paul Kinnerk, Philip E Kearney, Stephen Harvey, Mark Lyons","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2496263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2496263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the impact of a Game-Based Approach (GBA) intervention on practice session characteristics, player performance outcomes, and perceptions within Gaelic football. Employing a mixed-methods multiple baseline design, two squads (Under 14 and Under 15) from a Gaelic football academy underwent the intervention, one after 4 weeks and the other after 9 weeks of baseline. Framed by Complex Learning Theory (CLT), the intervention comprised systematic observations of coaching sessions, quantitative assessment of skill execution and decision-making in assessment games, and qualitative interviews and focus groups with players. The GBA intervention positively influenced practice session characteristics, promoting playing form and non-linear sequencing of activities. The evaluation of players' game performance showed significant improvement across all decision-making variables for both squads. In skill execution, there was limited support, with improvements observed only in the Under 14 squad. Systematic tracking of practice activity sequencing, supported by player data, revealed players' awareness of purposeful organization, with the explicit connection between tasks fostering knowledge development and reflection, potentially enhancing decision-making. While players appreciated conditioned games and the tactical curriculum, they were less receptive to the player-centered strategy of \"player huddles.\" The comprehensive data collection approach of this study fills gaps in sports coaching research, offering insights into the design and efficacy of GBA interventions. GBA interventions are suggested to enhance player performance and session quality, providing guidance for coaches in optimizing training methodologies. Integration of GBA pedagogy with CLT offers a promising framework for coaches seeking tangible changes in their practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form Among Individuals With Visual Impairments.","authors":"Ginny M Frederick, E Grace Threadgill, Sami Yli-Piipari, T N Kirk","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2494266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2494266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study (a) assessed the concurrent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) compared to accelerometer data among individuals with visual impairments (VI); (b) examined differences in validity of the IPAQ-SF among those with no usable vision (NUV) and those with some usable vision (SUV); and (c) assessed validity using both Freedson and Troiano cutpoints. Eighty adults with VI (<i>M_age</i> = 47.7; 62.5% female) wore waist-mounted accelerometers for seven days then completed the IPAQ-SF. For data analysis, participants were grouped by VI level as having SUV or NUV. Physical activity (PA) levels were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests, while Friedman tests assessed differences between IPAQ-SF and accelerometer-derived estimates. Chi-square tests assessed adherence to PA guidelines. Participants engaged in a median of 125.5 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA during the week. Agreement between IPAQ-SF and accelerometer-derived moderate and moderate-to-vigorous PA were moderate (ρ = 0.49 and 0.50, respectively; both <i>p</i> < .01) though mean absolute percent error values were high. Agreement was similar across Freedson and Troiano cutpoints (ρ range = 0.22-0.54; all <i>p</i> < .05) and slightly stronger among those with NUV compared to SUV. Agreement for sedentary behavior was negligible (ρ < 0.20; <i>p ></i> .05). Self-reported MVPA from IPAQ-SF showed weak agreement with accelerometer data for both NUV and SUV groups. Researchers should use caution when using IPAQ-SF to assess PA in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustered Lifestyle Profiles of Adolescent Football Players: Examining the Relationship Between Off-Training Lifestyle and Training Performance.","authors":"Nuno Mateus, Diogo Coutinho, Sara Santos, Bruno Gonçalves, Catarina Abrantes, Jaime Sampaio","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2496268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2496268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study clustered young male football players based on off-training physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) to examine their impact on physical and technical-tactical performance in small-sided-games (SSG). In Stage 1, thirty-four adolescent male football players (mean age 14.2   ±   0.8 years) were monitored for one week using tri-axial accelerometers to quantify PA and SB levels. Participants were classified into two groups: Active (higher moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower SB) and Sedentary (higher SB and lower PA). In Stage 2, sixteen players, divided into four teams, participated in SSG. Two teams comprised players from the Active group (ACT) and two from the Sedentary group (SED). They competed under three conditions: I_{ACT<i>vs</i>ACT}; II_{ACT<i>vs</i>SED}; and III_{SED<i>vs</i>SED}. Cumming estimation plots illustrated that ACT players in I_{ACT<i>vs</i>ACT} covered greater total distance (d = -1.43), distances in jogging (d = -0.69), running (d = -1.33), and sprinting (d = -1.26), with higher player load (d = -1.28) and decelerations (d = -0.58), but lower walking distances (d = 0.79), successful shots (d = 0.87), passes (d = 1.17), and dribbles (d = 0.89) compared to other conditions.. SED players in III_SEDvsSED showed higher running distances (d = 0.76) and more decelerations (d = 0.7) but fewer passes. Bayesian ANOVA confirmed longer distances and more sprints in I_{ACT<i>vs</i>ACT} versus III_{SED<i>vs</i>SED}, with Bayes factors of 6.50 and 9.48, respectively. Clustering young players based on off-training PA and SB profiles affects SSG performance, with teams having lower PA and higher SB showing compromised physical and technical-tactical outcomes. Coaches can use this information to tailor training, enhance learning environments, and optimize player development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Network Analysis: Utilizing Machine Learning to Unravel the Effects of Multilevel Pathways of Moderate⁃to⁃Vigorous Physical Activity Facilitators Among School Children.","authors":"Yufei Qi, Fang Li, Yao Yin, Qian Lin, Sareena Hanim Hamzah, Wenzhi Peng","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2478870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2478870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present study was to ascertain whether the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) levels and individual, interpersonal, organizational, and environmental factors among school children is influenced by their attitudes toward emerging sports participants (ESP). To this end, machine learning (ML) was employed to analyze the data. This cross-sectional study, involved 655 child-parent pairs in Changsha City to assess children's MVPA. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires, evaluating MVPA levels and attitudes from children and caregivers. Various statistical models, including random forest and LASSO regression, were utilized for analysis. The study revealed that boys engaged in more MVPA than girls. Most participants liked ESP, with significant teacher support noted. Random forest and LASSO regression models identified key factors influencing MVPA, with notable variability among non-achievers. The gradient boosting machine and K-nearest neighbors models demonstrated similar predictive performance. The final model, comprising 37 parameters, indicated significant relationships between variables, particularly highlighting the importance of school offerings ESP and living near sports field. This study concludes that offering ESP in schools, along with positive modeling and encouragement from caregivers and peers, effectively enhances children's participation in MVPA. Living near sports field also positively impacts MVPA levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Secondary Cognitive Task on Psychological and Stretch Performance.","authors":"Jason Kostrna, Anamaria Astudillo, Elizabeth Perez","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2496765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2496765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive research supports the positive effects of stretching on joint flexibility. During stretching, an individual's perceptions of stretch-related discomfort and pain negatively influence affective response. This study examined the effects of a dissociative attentional strategy on performance and perception during stretching. To induce dissociation, participants completed a secondary cognitive task (mental math) during passive and active static stretching. Participants (n = 16) stretched in the following conditions: (1) active-mental math, (2) active-control, (3) passive-mental math, and (4) passive-control. Participants completed conditions in a block randomized order (i.e. Latin Square Design). MANOVA of range of motion (ROM) did not support an interaction of stretch and cognitive load condition or a main effect of cognitive load. However, there was a significant effect of stretch condition on pleasantness and a significant effect of cognitive load on perceived stretch intensity and pleasantness. Passive stretching resulted in a greater ROM, reduced perceived stretch intensity, and increased pleasantness compared to active stretching. The introduction of a secondary cognitive task resulted in no significant change to ROM, but did result in reduced perception of stretch intensity and increased pleasantness. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that dissociation during static stretch can reduce perceived stretch intensity without reduction in ROM. This effect exists even during active stretching, with the added benefit of improved ROM.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Six Weeks' Isometric Strength Training Compared to Traditional Strength Training on Gains in Strength, Power, and Speed in Male Academy Soccer Players.","authors":"Luke S Bailey, Joe Phillips, George Farrell, Stephen J McQuilliam, Robert M Erskine","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2025.2488843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2488843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Elevated sport-specific physical demands and congested fixture schedules leave little recovery time and augment fatigue levels in soccer players. Compared to traditional strength training (TST), isometric strength training (IST) may elicit comparative improvements in strength and performance-related parameters in soccer players, while reducing fatigue during periods of elevated competitive loading. <b>Methods:</b> This study compared the effects of 6-weeks' IST and TST on gains in strength, power, and speed in male academy soccer players. Eighteen athletes from a Football Association League 2 club's academy (age: 17.2 ± 0.6 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 71.6 ± 3.4 kg) were randomly assigned to either the IST (<i>n</i> = 9) or TST (<i>n</i> = 9) group. Baseline and post-training testing included trap bar squat one-repetition maximum (1-RM), isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), bilateral vertical countermovement jump (CMJ), and 10 m and 40 m linear sprints. Each group completed 12 training intervention sessions over six weeks, which comprised either an isometric or dynamic variation of a mid-thigh (clean) pull, split squat, and hip thrust. <b>Results:</b> Results indicated no group × time interaction effect on trap bar squat 1-RM (<i>p</i> = .171, η_p² = 0.107), IMTP peak force (<i>p</i> = .478, η_p² = 0.039), CMJ jump height (JH; <i>p</i> = .463, η_p² = 0.028), CMJ peak power (PP; <i>p</i> = .868, η_p² = 0.001), 10 m acceleration (<i>p</i> = .074, η_p² = 0.186), or sprint velocity (<i>p</i> = .348, η_p² = 0.058). However, there were main effects of time on trap bar squat 1-RM (<i>p</i> < .001, η_p² = 0.634), CMJ JH (<i>p</i> = .031, η_p² = 0.255) and sprint velocity (<i>p</i> = .012, η_p² = 0.324). <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, IST is just as effective as TST in improving (or maintaining) strength, power, and speed during fixture-congested schedules in men's academy soccer.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}