Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Effects of Instruction and Game Design on Youth Soccer Players' Skill Involvement and Cooperative Team Behaviour.","authors":"Jade O'Brien-Smith, Mitchell R Smith, Matthieu Lenoir, Job Fransen","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2368597","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2368597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The relationship between task constraints and player behaviors is of interest to coaches tasked with designing practice to optimize learning. This study aims to compare the skill involvements and cooperative team behavior of teams of youth soccer players engaged in a goal exaggeration and/or a prescriptive coach instruction condition compared to a free-play control condition. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty male soccer players aged 12-15 participated in small-sided games under four conditions: free-play, goal exaggeration, prescriptive coach instruction, and combination over four weeks. Using video footage, teams' collective skill involvements (shot, pass, dribble) and passing network characteristics (closeness, density, and betweenness) were measured for each game. <b>Results</b>: A Friedmans rank test identified that playing conditions resulted in significant differences in attempted dribbles (<i>p</i> < .001), goals scored (<i>p</i> < .001), network density (<i>p</i> = .001), closeness (<i>p</i> < .001) and betweenness (<i>p</i> = .002). Teams attempted to dribble the most in the free-play and goal-exaggeration conditions, and the most goals were scored in the goal-exaggeration and combination conditions. Additionally, teams exhibited more well-connected passing networks (i.e. higher density, higher closeness, and lower betweenness values) in the combination condition and higher network density in the explicit instruction condition. <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this study indicate that coach instruction may be more associated with cooperative team behavior, whereas free-play or manipulating task constraints in the absence of instruction may be associated with players attempting more individual actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What the Eyes Don't See: An Objective Assessment of Players' Contribution to Team Success in Men's Rugby League.","authors":"Shaun Cameron, Ibrahim Radwan, Jocelyn Mara","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2373124","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2373124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study addresses the lack of objective player-based metrics in men's rugby league by introducing a comprehensive set of novel performance metrics designed to quantify a player's overall contribution to team success. <b>Methods:</b> Player match performance data were captured by Stats Perform for every National Rugby League season from 2018 until 2022; a total of five seasons. The dataset was divided into offensive and defensive variables and further split according to player position. Five machine learning algorithms (Principal Component Regression, Lasso Regression, Random Forest, Regression Tree, and Extreme Gradient Boost) were considered in the analysis, which ultimately generated Wins Created and Losses Created for offensive and defensive performance, respectively. These two metrics were combined to create a final metric of Net Wins Added. The validity of these player performance metrics against traditional objective and subjective measures of performance in rugby league were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The metrics correctly predicted the winner of 80.9% of matches, as well as predicting the number of team wins per season with an RMSE of 1.9. The metrics displayed moderate agreement (Gwet AC1 = 0.505) when predicting team of the year award recipients. When predicting State of Origin selection, the metrics displayed moderate agreement for New South Wales (0.450) and substantial agreement for Queensland (0.652). <b>Conclusion:</b> The development and validation of these objective player performance metrics represent significant potential to enhance talent evaluation and player recruitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Player Activity and Load Profiling with Hidden Markov Models: A Novel Application in Rugby League.","authors":"Neil Watson, Sharief Hendricks, Dan Weaving, Nicholas Dalton-Barron, Ben Jones, Theodor Stewart, Ian Durbach","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2362253","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2362253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Player movement in rugby league is complex, being spatiotemporal and multifaceted. Modeling this complexity to provide robust measures of player activity and load has proved difficult, with important aspects of player movement yet to be considered. These include the influence of time-varying covariates on player activity and the combination of different dimensions of player movement. Few studies have simultaneously categorized player activity into different activity states and investigated factors influencing the transition between states, or compared player activity and load profiles between matches and training. This study applied hidden Markov models (HMMs)-a data-driven, multivariate approach-to rugby league training and match GPS data to i) demonstrate how HMMs can combine multiple variables in a data-driven way to effectively categorize player movement states, ii) investigate the influence of two time-varying covariates, score difference and elapsed match time on player activity states, and iii) compare player activity and load profiles within and between training and match modalities. HMMs were fitted to player GPS, accelerometer and heart rate data of one English Super League team across 60 training sessions and 35 matches. Distinct activity states were detected for both matches and training, with transitions between states in matches influenced by score difference and elapsed time and clear differences in activity and load profiles between training and matches. HMMs can model the complexity of player movement to effectively profile player activity and load in rugby league and have the potential to facilitate new research across several sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"34-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Key Training Load and Intensity Indicators in Ice Hockey Using Unsupervised Machine Learning.","authors":"Vincenzo Rago, Tiago Fernandes, Magni Mohr","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2360162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2360162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To identify key training load (TL) and intensity indicators in ice hockey, practice, and game data were collected using a wearable 200-Hz accelerometer and heart rate (HR) recording throughout a four-week (29 days) competitive period (23 practice sessions and 8 competitive games in 17 elite Danish players (<i>n</i> = 427 observations). Within-individual correlations among accelerometer- (total accelerations [Acc_tot], accelerations >2 m·s^-2 [Acc2], total accelerations [Dec_tot], decelerations <- 2 m·s^-2 [Dec2]), among HR-derived (time >85% maximum HR [t85%HR_max], Edwards' TL and modified training impulse) TL indicators, and between acceleration- and HR-derived TL parameters were large to almost perfect (<i>r</i> = 0.69-0.99). No significant correlations were observed between accelerometer- and HR-derived intensity indicators. Three between- and two within-components were found. The K-means++ cluster analysis revealed five and four clusters for between- and within-loadings, respectively. The least Euclidean distance from their centroid for each cluster was reported by session-duration, Acc_tot, Dec2, TRIMP_MOD, %t85HR_max for between-loadings, whereas session-duration, Acc2, t85HR_max and Dec2/min for within-loadings. Specific TL or intensity variables might be relevant to identify similar between-subject groups (e.g. individual player, playing positions), or temporal patterns (e.g. changes in TL or intensity over time). Our study provides insights about the redundancy associated with the use of multiple TL and intensity variables in ice hockey.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of Water-Based Exercise on Hemodynamic and Sleep Quality: An of Hypertensives and Normotensives Subanalysis.","authors":"Eliezer Guimarães Moura, Javier Bedoya-Castaño, Catarina de Andrade Barboza, Gabriela Silva, Gilmar Dias, Gabriela Ribeiro Ministro da Costa, Heitor Moreno, Bruno Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2363464","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2363464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study aimed to determine whether a better hemodynamic profile and a better sleep quality are associated with the duration of physical exercise in the water; secondly, it aims to determine whether better sleep quality is associated with a more favorable hemodynamic profile. <b>Methods</b>: 97 subjects (85 women, age 59.46 ± 10.62) were included in the study. Groups were divided into normotensive (<i>n </i>= 46) and hypertensive individuals, (<i>n </i>= 51) duration of water aerobics (1-6 (<i>n </i>= 18), 7-11 (<i>n </i>= 11), 12-35 (<i>n</i> = 26), and > 36 months (<i>n </i>= 42), respectively), and sleep quality (Good, Poor, and Sleep Disordered). The peripheral (brachial), central (through applanation tonometry), and arterial blood pressure were assessed, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was collected. <b>Results</b>: We found that the groups practicing water-based exercise for a more extended period (>6 months) did not present improved pressure values and sleep quality. The best (though still weak) relationship between the water-based exercise time and the sleep quality values occurred between the group of 7-11 exercising for over 36 months (<i>r </i>= - 0.29 for both). When multivariate regression analysis was performed, there was interaction between AIx@75bpm and sleep quality score, as well as between AIx@75bpm and the age of subjects (<i>p</i> = .006 and 0.003, respectively). <b>Conclusion</b>: The data from the present study reported that subjects who participated for a longer time in the water aerobics training protocol had no additional hemodynamic and sleep quality benefits compared to volunteers with shorter duration groups (<6 months).</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Caffeine on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability at Rest and During Submaximal Cycling Exercise.","authors":"Mark Glaister, Dhama Lythgoe, Sahana Kamath","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2377303","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2377303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during submaximal exercise. Using a balanced, double-blind, randomized, crossover design, 16 male cyclists (age: 37 ± 9 years; <math><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></math>O_2max: 4.44 ± 0.67 L·min^-1) completed three trials in an air-conditioned laboratory. In Trial 1, cyclists completed two incremental cycling tests to establish the <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂-power output relationship and <math><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></math>O_2max. In trials 2 and 3, cyclists were evaluated for heart rate and HRV at rest, after which they ingested a capsule containing 5 mg·kg^-1 of caffeine or placebo. Thirty-five minutes post-supplementation, additional resting heart rate and HRV readings were taken after which cyclists completed a submaximal incremental cycling test (6 min stages) at 40-80% of <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O_2max; with HR and HRV measurements taken in the last 5 min of each increment. HRV was determined from the root mean square of successive differences between R-R intervals. There were significant supplement × exercise intensity interactions on heart rate (<i>p</i> = .019) and HRV (<i>p</i> = .023), with <i>post hoc</i> tests on the latter showing that caffeine increased HRV at 40%, 50%, and 60% of <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O_2max by 3.6 ± 4.9, 2.6 ± 2.8, and 0.6 ± 1.7 ms, respectively. There was a supplement × time interaction effect on resting HRV (<i>p</i> < .001), but not on heart rate (<i>p</i> = .351). The results of this study support the suggestion that caffeine increases the parasympathetic modulation of heart rate.Clinical trial registration number: NCT05521386.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"155-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor Competence as a Protection Factor Against Pediatric Obesity: The Bidirectional Relationship Between Motor Competence and Weight Status.","authors":"Daniel Das Virgens Chagas, Maria Carolina Joia","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2373995","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2373995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Motor competence is negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) in young people. However, it is still unclear whether motor competence is linked to the risk of obesity in adolescents and longitudinal evidence is missing. The main purpose of this study was to assess the association between motor competence and risk of obesity across adolescence. <b>Methods:</b> A 2-year follow-up study was conducted with a total of 122 adolescents (59.8% girls) aged 12 to 13 years at baseline. Motor competence (KTK), weight status (BMI) and physical activity (questionnaire) were assessed at three time points. Generalized estimating equation and logistic regression models were conducted to examine the relationships between motor competence and weight status, adjusting for potential confounders (i.e. age, sex and physical activity). <b>Results:</b> Motor competence and BMI were inversely related over time. The chance to have overweight/obesity decreased by 6.5% and 8% with a 10-point increase in motor competence across time. In addition, adolescents had 6.4 to 8.2 greater chance to have low motor competence with a 1-point increase in BMI across time. <b>Conclusion:</b> Motor competence is inversely associated with the risk of overweight/obesity across adolescence. Therefore, the development of motor competence can be a protection factor against excessive weight gain. As such, we recommend the development of motor competence as a strategy to prevent pediatric obesity through diversified types of physical activities such as sports, active play and physical education classes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequality in Children's Physical Activity Across Time-Segmented Youth Sport Practice.","authors":"Ann E Rogers, Christopher S Wichman, Michaela A Schenkelberg, David A Dzewaltowski","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2367565","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2367565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Youth sport (YS) is a community system for promoting children's physical activity (PA). Studies have examined mean PA during YS practices, but few have examined inequalities in the distribution of PA among children during practice time. This study examined PA inequality in time-segmented YS practices and differences in inequality by time segment characteristics. <b>Methods:</b> Children's PA and YS practices were examined using accelerometer and video observation data from a sample of YS teams (<i>n</i> = 36 teams, <i>n</i> = 101 practices) for third- through sixth-grade children (<i>n</i> = 392), approximately eight to 12 years old, in two rural U.S. communities. Practices were time-segmented into smaller units (episodes; <i>n</i> = 991). Episodes were assigned codes for purpose (e.g. warm-up), member arrangement (e.g. whole group), and setting demand (i.e. fosters participation, creates exclusion). Group accelerometer data were paired with episodes, and the Gini coefficient quantified inequality in activity counts and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Beta generalized estimating equations examined the influence of episode structure on PA inequality. <b>Results:</b> Warm-up (Gini = 0.22), fitness (Gini = 0.24), and sport skill (Gini = 0.24) episodes had significantly lower inequality (<i>p</i> < .05) in activity counts than other purpose types. Management (Gini = 0.32) and strategy (Gini = 0.40) episodes had significantly greater inequality (<i>p</i> < .05) in MVPA minutes than other purpose types. Episodes fostering participation (Gini = 0.32) had significantly lower activity count inequality (<i>p</i> < .05) than episodes creating exclusion (Gini = 0.35). <b>Conclusion:</b> PA inequality among children during YS varied by practice structure. Metrics such as the Gini coefficient can illuminate inequalities in PA and may be useful for guiding efforts to improve population PA in children. <b>Trial Registration:</b> This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03380143).</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11724016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective Exercise Experience in Childhood and Psychological Determinants of Exercise Among Japanese Older Adults.","authors":"Robert Walker, Kazuhiro Harada","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2375290","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2375290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japan faces significant challenges associated with its super-aged society. Exercise and physical activity are recommended strategies to promote healthy aging and quality of life in older age. However, what determines exercise behavior among Japanese older adults is relatively unknown. The principle aim of this study was to explore exercise determinants and their relation to exercise behavior among Japanese older adults. Completed self-report questionnaires were received from 1,000 Japanese older adults aged between 65 and 74 years who resided in the Kansai area. A cross-sectional maximum likelihood path analysis was used to test the relationships between variables, where it was hypothesized that affective experiences in childhood had an indirect association with the exercise behavior of Japanese older adults through the seven psychological determinants of exercise. Demographic factors were also included in the model as potential influences of all factors. Knowledge held the largest significant direct association with exercise behavior (β =  .539, <i>p </i>= <.001), particularly more intense forms of exercise such as resistance exercise (β =  .725, <i>p </i>= <.001) and moderate to strenuous exercise (β = .420, <i>p </i>= <.001), whilst affective exercise experience in childhood (B = 3.749, <i>p </i>= <.001) and gender (B = 5.183, <i>p</i> = .003) held significant indirect associations. This paper emphasizes the importance of exercise-related knowledge among Japanese older adults and future research is warranted to further explore the role of positive affective exercise experiences in childhood and their influence on exercise behavior, especially amongst girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Levels and Body Mass Index in Sport Education. Is There a Difference?","authors":"Irene Rocamora, Sixto González-Víllora, Javier Fernandez-Rio, Natalia María Arias Palencia","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2365300","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2365300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The goals of this study were: (1) to assess students' physical activity levels in a sport education season according to the phases of the model, adjusted for body mass index; (2) to uncover the contribution of the phases of the model to the World Health Organization recommendations; (3) to understand its impact in students with overweight/obesity. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 42 primary education students with a mean age of 10.68 ± 0.69 years, enrolled in one year 5 (10-11 years) and one year 6 (11-12 years). Physical Education lessons of the same school agreed to participate. Students in both groups experienced a 14-lesson learning unit in team handball through the sport education. Each participant wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer to measure physical activity levels, counts/minute and steps counted. Cole and Lobstein cutoff points were used to determine groups based on body mass index (thin, normal-weight, overweight/obese). <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the overweight/obese group achieved scores for moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time that were not significantly different from the normal-weight group. According to the phases, the preseason was the most active and contributed most to the World Health Organization recommendations in all groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Sport education could be considered an appropriate pedagogical framework to help overweight/obese children achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary scores similar to their normal-weight classmates. Key elements of sport education include performing roles, learning work routines, and having the autonomy to choose games/tasks, all of which promote physical activity amongst all students.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}