Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"Increased Ventilatory Efficiency in Supramaximal Compared to Graded Exercise in Athletes.","authors":"Juliana Peroni Abrahão Barbosa, Wandriane de Vargas, Sebastián Del Rosso, Christiane Coelho Ravagnani, Daniel A Boullosa, Paulo de Tarso Muller","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2398577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2398577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Supramaximal constant work rate tests (CWR) elicit intense hyperventilation, thus potentially up-shifting ventilation (⩒_E)-to-carbon dioxide (CO₂) responses when compared to graded exercise tests (GXT) in athletes. We predicted higher ventilatory efficiency on supramaximal CWR using a new method, challenging the classic orthodox interpretation of an increased ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ as ventilatory inefficiency. This misinterpretation could make difficult to differentiate between physiological hyperventilation from heart disease conditions in athletes. <b>Methods</b>: On different days, a GXT and a CWR at 110% of the maximal velocity achieved in the GXT were performed. Twenty-seven athletes completed the two tests and were compared for usual (linear regression) and log-transformed new variables for ventilatory efficiency through paired <i>t</i>-Student statistics. <b>Results</b>: The ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ slope (31.4 ± 4.9 <i>vs</i>. 26.2 ± 3.4, <i>p</i> < .001), ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ intercept (7.2 ± 7.5 <i>vs</i>. 2.8 ± 4.2, <i>p</i> < .007), ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir (33.0 ± 3.6 <i>vs</i>. 25.4 ± 2.2, <i>p</i> < .001), ⩒CO₂-log⩒_<i>E</i> slope (10.8 ± 2.9 <i>vs</i>. 6.9 ± 2.2 L_*logL^-1, <i>p</i> < .001), and η⩒^<i>E</i> (36.0 ± 12 <i>vs</i>. 22.8 ± 8.1%, <i>p</i> < .001) values were all significantly higher in the CWR compared to the GXT. We registered a bi-modal nadir response for ⩒_E/⩒CO₂ on CWR for 22 out of 27 subjects for the first time. A weak association was observed between ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir (coefficient of determination ~ 27%) and time to exhaustion. <b>Conclusions</b>: The new method allows us to improve the quantification and interpretation of ventilatory efficiency in athletes, avoiding misinterpretation due to the up-shifting elicited by the usual ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ slope and ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir indices, which may be confounded with ventilatory inefficiency. This study suggests that ventilatory changes underpin better ventilatory efficiency during CWR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Swelling and Neuromuscular Responses Following Blood Flow Restricted Exercise in Untrained Women.","authors":"Christopher E Proppe, Paola M Rivera, David H Gonzalez-Rojas, David H Fukuda, Abigail T Wilson, Hansen A Mansy, Ethan C Hill","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2391422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2024.2391422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> There is conflicting evidence related to the prevalence and magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) following four sets to volitional failure with BFR (BFR-F) or 75 total repetitions with BFR (1 × 30, 3 × 15, BFR-75). The purpose of this investigation was to examine muscle swelling, peak torque, and neuromuscular responses following BFR-75 and BFR-F. <b>Methods:</b> Thirteen untrained women completed unilateral isokinetic (120°s^-1) leg extensions concentric-eccentric at 30% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using BFR-75 and BFR-F protocols, separated by 15 minutes. Ultrasound was used to assess muscle thickness, cross sectional area, and echo intensity of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis before, 0-, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise. Peak torque and surface electromyography (sEMG) were recorded during MVICs before, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours post-exercise to determine sEMG amplitude, frequency, and neuromuscular efficiency. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences between conditions. Collapsed across conditions, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area increased at 0-hours for the rectus femoris (2.5 ± 0.4, 2.8 ± 0.4 cm, 10.6 ± 1.8, 12.1 ± 1.8 cm², respectively) and vastus lateralis (2.1 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 0.7 cm; 22.2 ± 3.9, 25.1 ± 4.5 cm², respectively), but returned to baseline at 24-hours. There were no changes in echo intensity, sEMG amplitude, sEMG frequency, or neuromuscular efficiency. MVIC peak torque increased relative to pre-exercise at 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hours (159.9 ± 34.9, 171.4 ± 30.1-179.1 ± 35.6 Nm). <b>Conclusion:</b> These results suggest that BFR-75 and BFR-F did not cause EIMD but caused an acute increase in muscle swelling that returned to baseline 24-hours post-exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Perfectionism with Moral Behaviors in Sport: The Mediating Role of Burnout and Moral Disengagement.","authors":"Nicholas Stanger, Gareth E Jowett, Mariana Kaiseler, Toni L Williams","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: Research has identified a range of intrapersonal variables associated with moral behaviors in sport. However, research investigating how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents in sport has received scant attention. In the present study, we address this issue by examining whether perfectionism is associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport directly and indirectly via burnout and moral disengagement. <b>Method</b>: A total of 312 team sport players completed validated measures for each variable. <b>Results</b>: Path analyses revealed that perfectionistic concerns had a negative relationship with prosocial behavior toward teammates and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward both teammates and opponents via being positively associated with burnout, which in turn, was positively associated with moral disengagement. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings had a positive association with prosocial behavior toward teammates, and an indirect positive association with antisocial behavior toward teammates and opponents via moral disengagement. <b>Conclusion</b>: Our findings offer new insights into how perfectionism and burnout are associated with prosocial and antisocial behavior in sport, as well as highlight the need to consider perfectionistic tendencies and approaches to help reduce burnout and moral disengagement in the regulation of antisocial behavior in sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Complete Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction in Upper Limbs Strength and Neural Function.","authors":"Fábio Marzliak Pozzi de Castro, Lucas de Paula Oliveira, Rodrigo Aquino, Hugo Tourinho Filho, Enrico Fuini Puggina","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294092","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> We aimed to investigate the chronic effects of low-load strength training (LT) with complete intermittent blood flow restriction (IBFR) on neural adaptations and strength in biceps brachii. <b>Methods:</b> Nineteen volunteers were randomly assigned into two different 9-week training protocols consisting of three assessment weeks and six training weeks: (a) LT with complete IBFR (LT-IBFR; n = 10) and (b) LT without complete IBFR (LT; n = 9). Strength was evaluated by predicted 1 repetition maximum (1RM) at weeks 1, 5, and 9 and neural function by root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) at sessions 1, 7, and 12 during the first three and last three repetitions. Both groups performed three sets of Scott curl with 20% of predicted 1RM interspersed with 90s rest twice a week. <b>Results:</b> No changes were found in predicted 1RM throughout the training protocols nor between groups. LT-IBFR group showed lower RMS in the first set than LT for the first three repetitions and higher RMS in all sets for the last three repetitions with decreases in this value across the sets with no longitudinal changes for both groups. MDF in the first three repetitions did not differentiate between groups, however, in the last three repetitions, MDF were lower for LTIBFR group in all sets and it increased across the sets for this condition with no chronical changes for both groups in both repetitions zones. These results suggest that LT-IBFR may be ineffective for increasing Q5 strength and it did not promote chronic neural adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity of Cycling Sprint Performance at Isolinear Mode Without Torque Factor: A Preliminary Study in Well-Trained Male Cyclists.","authors":"Eduardo Marcel Fernandes Nascimento, Fernando Klitzke Borszcz, Thiago Pereira Ventura, Fabrizio Caputo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo, Ricardo Dantas de Lucas","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2298752","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2298752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to compare the performance-derived parameters utilizing isolinear (ISO_LIN) and isovelocity (ISO_VEL) sprint cycling modes. <b>Method:</b> For that, 20 male trained cyclists performed 2 sprints of 7 s on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer in ISO_LIN and six sprints in ISO_VEL mode with cadences between 90 and 180 rpm, each separated by 3-min. A linear function modeled the sprints within each mode to extrapolate maximal cadence (C_MAX) and torque (T_MAX), and a quadratic function was used to extrapolate the apex defined as optimal cadence power (OPT_CAD) and peak power output (P_MAX). Fifteen subjects performed another 4 sprints at ISO_LIN mode on different days to verify the reliability. <b>Results:</b> The measures from the power-cadence relationship were not different between the ISO_LIN and ISO_VEL modes. Although significant differences were detected in the T-C relationship, T_MAX was greater at ISO_LIN than ISO_VEL (<i>p</i> = .006). On the other hand, C_MAX was higher at ISO_VEL than ISO_LIN (<i>p</i> < .001). The correlation between parameters was <i>large</i> to <i>very large</i> (<i>r</i> = 0.51 to 0.89). However, high limits of agreement were verified. The ISO_LIN presented consistency during the trials, and the random errors were acceptable (CV = 5.3% to 11.5%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Using the power-cadence relationship, P_MAX and OPT_CAD could be detected similarly between the two sprint modes (ISO_LIN and ISO_VEL). Thus, the findings demonstrated that a single ISO_LIN sprint test could be a suitable tool for quantifying the time course of muscle fatigue during and after cycling exercises in well-trained male cyclists.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Match-Play Running Performance in Professional Male Soccer Players: The Role of Anaerobic Speed Reserve.","authors":"Jaelson Gonçalves Ortiz, Ricardo Dantas De Lucas, Anderson Santiago Teixeira, Pedro Augusto Mohr, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294102","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to compare match-play running performance between players with a high (H_ASR) and low (L_ASR) anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) profile in professional soccer players. <b>Method:</b> Thirty-six male players from the same club (age: 23.3 ± 5.4 years) took part in this study. Match data were collected from 43 home matches of the first and second division of the Brazilian National Championship over two consecutive seasons. Players had their maximal sprinting (MSS) and aerobic speeds (MAS) determined during field test-based assessments. ASR was defined as MSS minus MAS. Total distance (TD), sprinting distance, number of accelerations and decelerations, absolute peak (PMS_(abs)) and mean match sprint speed (MMSS_(abs)) and its relative values expressed as a percentage of MSS (PMS_(rel) and MMSS_(rel)), distance covered > 100% MAS_(abs) and > 50% MSS_(abs) were compared between the groups and halves. <b>Results:</b> H_ASR presented greater sprint demand (<i>d</i> > 0.80), PMS_(abs) (<i>d</i> = 1.57), and MMSS_(abs) (<i>d</i> = 0.99) than the L_ASR group. The opposite was observed for PMS_(rel) and MMSS_(rel). The TD and amount of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations were moderately (0.77<<i>d</i> < 0.90) and largely (1.21<<i>d</i> < 1.63) reduced between halves for H_ASR and L_ASR, respectively. L_ASR players also had their distance >MAS_(abs) and > 50% MSS_(abs) decreased between halves (<i>d</i> = 0.72 and 0.77), while the H_ASR did not (<i>d</i> < 0.10). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings indicated that players with larger ASR had greater sprint demand, with a lower relative running intensity, and covered longer distances above MAS. The amplitude of ASR also affected the player's running ability between halves.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Cycle and Situational Match Variables: Effects on Well-Being in Professional Female Soccer Players.","authors":"Will Abbott, Zoe Exall, Lisa Walsh, Tom Clifford","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2298443","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2298443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> We examined whether the situational match factors (location, result, and opposition quality), as well as playing position and menstrual cycle phase, influenced self-reported well-being in female soccer players. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two professional players (25 ± 5 years) from a squad in the Women's Super League in England self-reported their menstrual cycle phase via an online survey, and their soreness, sleep, stress, mood, and fatigue on a 1 (positive) to 5 (negative) scale on the morning of match day (MD) and for the next 3 days (referred to as MD + 1, MD + 2, MD + 3, respectively). Data was collected for 26 matches across the 2021-2022 season. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and total distance covered (measured with GPS) were measured on match and training days. <b>Results:</b> Menstrual cycle phase and the situational match factors had no influence on distance covered during matches and sRPE (<i>p</i> > .05). Sleep was worse on MD + 1 (<i>p</i> < .001; <i>g</i> = 1.59) and MD + 2 (<i>p</i> = .005; <i>g</i> = 0.98) after away matches. Stress and mood were > 28% worse after playing top vs. mid and bottom table opposition at MD + 1, and significantly worse when losing compared to winning and drawing (<i>p</i> > .05). Playing position and menstrual cycle phase has no influence on self-reported well-being (<i>p</i> > .05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Sleep quality was worse after away matches and losing matches negatively affects stress and mood for 2 days post-match, but menstrual cycle phase does not influence post-match well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Meaning of Physical Education Practice in Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Daniel Bores-García, Domingo Palacios-Ceña, Carmen Jiménez-Antona, Romain Marconnot","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294097","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: This study seeks to describe the perspective of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and physical education (PE) teachers concerning physical activity practice in high school. <b>Methods</b>: A qualitative descriptive study based on an interpretative framework was conducted with secondary school students with ADHD, and their teachers of physical education. In-depth interviews and researchers' field notes were used to collect the data. Purposive sampling and inductive thematic analysis were applied. <b>Results</b>: Results show that ADHD is not experienced as limiting the practice of PA and PE by students, except in motor activities that require concentration such as tactical games. On the contrary, PA and PE helps them feel better. Teachers have not had to make extensive methodological modifications in their teaching styles with students with ADHD in relation to other situations or incidents. <b>Conclusions</b>: Students with ADHD do not seem to show significant difficulties in PE lessons or in the practice of extracurricular PA. PE teachers do not need to make significant adaptations with these students.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Training Improves Gene Expression Related to Immunosenescence in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Individuals.","authors":"Diego T Brunelli, Ivan L P Bonfante, Vinicius O Boldrini, Pedro G Scolfaro, Renata G Duft, Keryma Mateus, Raphael F Fatori, Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil, Alessandro S Farias, Ana M Teixeira, Cláudia R Cavaglieri","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2299716","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2299716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate combined training (CT) on both the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and senescence in the immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). <b>Methods:</b> Thirty obese individuals (50.2 ± 9.4 years; body mass index: 31.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²) with T2D underwent 16 weeks of a CT group [CT; aerobic (50-60% of VO2_max) plus resistance (50-75% of 1RM) training; 3 times/week, 70 min/session; <i>n</i> = 16)] or a control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 14). Nutritional patterns, muscle strength (1RM), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2_max), waist circumference (WC), body composition (Air Displacement Plethysmograph) and blood collections for biochemical (serum leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and anti-CMV) and molecular (gene expression of leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, PD-1, P16^ink4a, CCR7, CD28 and CD27 in PBMCs and SAT) analyses were assessed before (Pre) and after (Post) the 16 weeks of the experimental period. <b>Results:</b> Significant decreases were observed in WC and IL4, TNF-α, PD-1 and CD27 expression in PBMCs for CT. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in 1RM and VO2max for CT after the experimental period. <b>Conclusion:</b> Moderate CT contributed to a reduction in the gene expression of markers associated to chronic inflammation and immunosenescence in PBMCs of obese middle-aged individuals with T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Anticipation Skill Learning Bayesian?","authors":"Nicholas J Smeeton, Johannes Meyer, Matyas Varga, Stefanie Klatt","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2023.2294100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: The aims of this study were to examine the learning of anticipation skill in the presence of kinematic and outcome probabilities information, and to see if this learning exhibited characteristics of Bayesian integration. <b>Method</b>: Participants with no competitive tennis playing experience watched tennis player stimuli playing forehand tennis shots and were tasked with predicted shot outcomes. Accuracy, response times and perceived task effort were recorded, pre, post and during four acquisition blocks where outcome feedback was provided. In both Experiment 1 and 2, kinematic information about shot direction was either present in the training group stimuli or absent. In Experiment 1, left/right shot probability information remained equi-probable for both groups. In Experiment 2, both groups also trained with a bias in the shot outcome probability toward one shot direction on 80% of the trials across acquisition blocks (and were not told about this manipulation). <b>Results</b>: Pre-to-post anticipation performance improved in the presence of kinematic (EXP 1) or both information sources (EXP 2). Pre-to-post improvements in the presence of shot outcome probability information were congruent with the bias in the shot direction trained (EXP 2). Superior anticipation performance was found when both information sources were present. The presence of kinematic information resulted in increased perceived effort during early training (EXP 1 & 2). Bayesian odds ratios indicated that shot direction probabilities and kinematic information were integrated during anticipation skill learning. <b>Conclusion</b>: Learning with shot direction probabilities and kinematic information shows characteristics of Bayesian integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}