Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"Increased Ventilatory Efficiency in Supramaximal Compared to Graded Exercise in Athletes.","authors":"Juliana Peroni Abrahão Barbosa, Wandriane de Vargas, Sebastián Del Rosso, Christiane Coelho Ravagnani, Daniel A Boullosa, Paulo de Tarso Muller","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2398577","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2398577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Supramaximal constant work rate tests (CWR) elicit intense hyperventilation, thus potentially up-shifting ventilation (⩒_E)-to-carbon dioxide (CO₂) responses when compared to graded exercise tests (GXT) in athletes. We predicted higher ventilatory efficiency on supramaximal CWR using a new method, challenging the classic orthodox interpretation of an increased ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ as ventilatory inefficiency. This misinterpretation could make difficult to differentiate between physiological hyperventilation from heart disease conditions in athletes. <b>Methods</b>: On different days, a GXT and a CWR at 110% of the maximal velocity achieved in the GXT were performed. Twenty-seven athletes completed the two tests and were compared for usual (linear regression) and log-transformed new variables for ventilatory efficiency through paired <i>t</i>-Student statistics. <b>Results</b>: The ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ slope (31.4 ± 4.9 <i>vs</i>. 26.2 ± 3.4, <i>p</i> < .001), ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ intercept (7.2 ± 7.5 <i>vs</i>. 2.8 ± 4.2, <i>p</i> < .007), ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir (33.0 ± 3.6 <i>vs</i>. 25.4 ± 2.2, <i>p</i> < .001), ⩒CO₂-log⩒_<i>E</i> slope (10.8 ± 2.9 <i>vs</i>. 6.9 ± 2.2 L_*logL^-1, <i>p</i> < .001), and η⩒^<i>E</i> (36.0 ± 12 <i>vs</i>. 22.8 ± 8.1%, <i>p</i> < .001) values were all significantly higher in the CWR compared to the GXT. We registered a bi-modal nadir response for ⩒_E/⩒CO₂ on CWR for 22 out of 27 subjects for the first time. A weak association was observed between ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir (coefficient of determination ~ 27%) and time to exhaustion. <b>Conclusions</b>: The new method allows us to improve the quantification and interpretation of ventilatory efficiency in athletes, avoiding misinterpretation due to the up-shifting elicited by the usual ⩒_<i>E</i>-⩒CO₂ slope and ⩒_<i>E</i>/⩒CO₂ nadir indices, which may be confounded with ventilatory inefficiency. This study suggests that ventilatory changes underpin better ventilatory efficiency during CWR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability Are Independent of Work and Recovery Durations During High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Males.","authors":"Lucas Chalegre Da Silva, Kleber Johny Da Silva, Leandro Camati Felippe, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante, Rafael Dos Santos Henrique, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Carol Góis Leandro, Guilherme Assunção Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2407891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2407891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two protocols of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on performance fatigability and its neural and muscular determinants. On different days, 14 healthy males performed two HIIE protocols with different work and recovery durations (matched for total duration, work and recovery intensities, and density): 1) 4 × 4 min at 90% HR_peak,180-s recovery at 70% HR_peak; and 2) 16 × 1 min at 90% HR_peak, 45-s recovery at 70% HR_peak. Pre- to post-HIIE reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was used as marker of performance fatigability, while voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated quadriceps twitch force (Q_tw) as markers of the neural (i.e. central fatigue) and muscular (i.e. peripheral fatigue) determinants, respectively. In addition, pre- to post-HIIE reduction in twitch force stimulated at 100 Hz (Q_tw100) and 10:100 Hz ratio (Q_tw10:Q_tw100) were used as markers of high- and low-frequency performance fatigability, respectively. The MVIC, VA, T_w, Q_tw100, and Q_tw10:Q_tw100 ratio decreased similarly from pre- to post-HIIE in both HIIE protocols (<i>p</i> < .05). The rating of perceived effort, blood pH, and plasma lactate responses were similar between HIIE protocols (<i>p</i> > .05), but the heart rate was higher in the longer HIIE protocol (<i>p</i> < .05). In conclusion, performance fatigability and its neural and muscular determinants seemed to be independent of the work and recovery durations of the HIIE, at least when HIIE protocols were matched for total work duration, work and recovery intensities, and density. Further, HIIE with long work and recovery might be preferable when the intention is to stress the chronotropic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"338-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Is This Association Modified by Sleep?","authors":"Thaynã Ramos Flores, Otávio Amaral de Andrade Leão, Andrea Wendt, Inácio Crochemore-Silva, Gregore Iven Mielke, Marlos Rodrigues Domingues, Pedro C Hallal, Mariângela Freitas da Silveira","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2424210","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2424210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b> To evaluate the cross-sectional association of physical activity during pregnancy with gestational weight gain and verify if associations are modified by levels of sleep duration and efficiency. <b>Methods:</b> Mothers who were participants of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort study were analyzed. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured using the nondominant wrist accelerometer model wGT3X-BT (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL). Moderate-to-vigorous activities were measured in bouts of 5 minutes (MVPA 5-min bout). Activities were characterized as sustained and overall physical activity was expressed in mg, and MVPA (non-bouted) activities were characterized as not sustained. Sleep was presented as minute bouts, sleep time window, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was calculated by a woman's weight at the end of gestation minus the pre-pregnancy weight. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between PA and GWG. Stratification by sleep characteristics in tertiles was performed. <b>Results:</b> The analytical sample included 1,938 women with information for PA, sleep, and GWG. The mean GWG was 12,030 g (SD = 6658.8). After adjustments, for every 15 minutes of sustained physical activity (MVPA 5-min bout), the GWG decreased by 591.3 g [β= -591.3 (95%CI: -1,147.1; -35.5). A statistically significant association was observed between 15 minutes of sustained physical activity (MVPA 5-min bout) and GWG in the second and third tertiles of healthier sleep efficiency. <b>Conclusion:</b> MVPA with 5-min bouts is associated with lower GWG. The GWG reduction was greater in the higher sleep efficiency strata.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"439-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Happy and Hopeful NCAA Division I Athlete: Predicting Well-Being and Ill-Being in Elite Student-Athletes Who Participate in Sport.","authors":"Edward C Chang","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2415370","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2415370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of hope and happiness in accounting for mental health, both well-being (viz. life satisfaction & flourishing) and ill-being (depressive symptoms & suicidal ideation), using a cross-sectional design, was examined in a diverse sample of 140 elite student-athletes (88 female & 52 male NCAA Division I athletes, representing 16 different varsity sports, <i>M</i>_age = 20.0) who completed a battery of self-report measures. Results from conducting a series of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors and perceived sport performance (individual & team), indicated hope and happiness (as a positive personality set) accounted for additional unique variance in all indices of well-being and ill-being. However, although happiness emerged as a significant statistical predictor of all indices of well-being and ill-being, hope only emerged as a significant statistical predictor across indices of well-being. Importantly, the inclusion of the Hope × Happiness interaction term consistently added further incremental validity to the prediction of additional unique variance in all indices of mental health in student-athletes. However, evidence for the doubling-up hypothesis was only found in predicting indices of well-being, not ill-being. Taken together, the present findings provide strong evidence for the importance of integrating positive individual differences variables for understanding mental health in elite student-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"407-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A Kind of Therapy\": Wheelchair Sport Athletes and Health-Related Quality of Life.","authors":"T N Kirk, Cathy McKay, Katherine Holland","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2419455","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2419455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning physically impaired¹ wheelchair sport athletes attributed to wheelchair basketball participation as well as potential physical, psychological, and social health-related quality of life (HRQOL) benefits. Specifically, the experiences of wheelchair sport athletes from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) affected by ongoing or recent conflict were examined. Focus group participants for this study included 108 wheelchair basketball athletes (77 men and 31 women) from seven men's and three women's national teams at an international wheelchair basketball tournament held in India. All teams were from LMICs in Africa and Asia that were served by the International Committee of the Red Cross due to recent or ongoing armed conflict. Data analysis produced three interrelated themes related to HRQOL: (1) improvements to physical health, (2) psychological impact of sport participation, and (3) social well-being. Physical benefits included improvements to physical functional capacity and decreases in medical complications. Psychological benefits included freedom and respite from inaccessibility and improved self-beliefs and feelings of capability on and off the court. Social well-being benefits included camaraderie in the team setting and positive interpersonal interactions with members of the broader community. Overall, the findings indicated that wheelchair sport is indicated as positively impacting numerous HRQOL indicators for disabled participants in LMIC and is a valuable rehabilitative option and meaningful endeavor for disabled persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Age Effect and <i>ACTN3 R577X</i> and <i>ACE I/D</i> Polymorphisms in Brazilian Football Players: An Association Genetic Study.","authors":"Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque, Andressa Eliza da Silva Cunha, João Locke Ferreira de Araújo, Rodrigo Dos Santos Guimarães, Michele Rafaela Candida Ciriaco Rocha, Paulo H C Mesquita, Eduardo Mendonça Pimenta, Renan Pedra de Souza","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2407883","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2407883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Relative Age Effect (RAE) suggests older athletes within an annual cohort have advantages over their younger peers. We hypothesized that younger athletes could overcome these disadvantages through favorable α-actinin-3 (<i>ACTN3</i>) and angiotensin converting enzyme (<i>ACE</i>) polymorphisms. This study aimed to: 1) examine RAE prevalence among Brazilian football players; 2) investigate the distribution of the <i>ACTN3</i> and <i>ACE</i> polymorphisms; and 3) explore the association between polymorphisms and RAE across competitive levels and positions. The sample included 627 male players from first-division Brazilian teams in four age categories: U15 (<i>n</i> = 172), U17 (<i>n</i> = 166), U20 (<i>n</i> = 161), and Professionals (<i>n</i> = 128). A control group was established using data from the general Brazilian population documented in previous studies Results showed RAE presence across all competitive levels and positions. Players with the <i>ACTN3</i> R allele, especially the RR genotype, had the strongest associations with football players, particularly among defenders. On the other hand, the distribution of <i>ACE</i> polymorphism was not significantly different between controls and players, except in the U17 category, where the I/I genotype was more common. Relatively older players had higher total genotype scores than younger counterparts in the overall sample and defender subgroups. In conclusion, RAE is prevalent among Brazilian football players, with older athletes benefiting from favorable <i>ACTN3</i> and <i>ACE</i> polymorphisms, contrary to our initial hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Load of Different Length Microcycles and Relationships with Match Running Performance in Youth Football.","authors":"Yiannis Michailidis, Vasileios Kanaras, Athanasios Mandroukas, Andreas Stafylidis, Charalampos Bamplekis, Andreas Fousekis, Lazaros Vardakis, Konstantinos Stamatelos, Ioannis Metaxas, Angelos E Kyranoudis, Thomas I Metaxas","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2405621","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2405621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate: a) the differences in external load (EL) during microcycles with four (MIC4) and five training (MIC5) sessions, b) to explore the ratio of weekly training load to the load of the subsequent match, and c) to explore possible correlations between the EL of the MIC4 or MIC5 with the running performance of football players in the following match. The study involved 20 elite youth football players from a team that won the championship in their category that year (age, 16.4 ± 0.3 years). The EL was tracked via GPS in 8 MIC4 and 10 MIC5. Running performance in subsequent matches was also recorded. Two by two ANOVA was employed to compare parameters between MIC5 and MIC4 and Pearson correlation test was applied to examine potential correlations between the training load parameters. The results showed that MIC5 had significantly greater external load in distance parameters in zones 4 & 5, total distance, and decelerations. Differences in running performance in matches were observed only for accelerations (<i>p</i> = .028) and decelerations (<i>p</i> = .02). The ratio of training/match load was lower in all parameters in MIC4 compared to MIC5 but exceeded the match load. Large negative correlations were observed for accelerations and decelerations. In conclusion, additional training in MIC5 increases the load without affecting running performance in the match. Attention should be given to accelerations and decelerations, as their volume can easily increase with the use of small-sided games in training.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It Took Away the Trauma of Failing\": A Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial of an Open Goals Physical Activity Program.","authors":"Scott G Goddard, Jacqueline Dossetor, Sophia Barry, Alex Lawrence, Christopher J Stevens, Christian Swann","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2412661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2412661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open goals (e.g. to \"see how many steps you can reach today\") may be a promising strategy for promoting physical activity. The findings from initial studies, typically based on single sessions of exercise, showed that open goals can produce at least as much activity as specific goals (e.g. to reach 10,000 steps a day), while promoting more positive experiences and higher intentions to repeat the activity, especially among less active individuals. However, the feasibility of using open goals over a longer duration remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the feasibility of using open goals in a 10-week step-based physical activity program. A single-arm mixed methods design was used, involving 15 healthy adults (13 female; M_age = 42.53) with low to moderate physical activity levels. Participants were provided with a pedometer, diary, and open goals for each week, alongside brief support sessions. The feasibility domains assessed included recruitment, acceptability, adherence, and retention. Quantitative methods assessed physical activity, enjoyment, and self-efficacy, while supplementary qualitative methods explored participants' perceptions of open goals. The study showed high recruitment and retention rates, increased physical activity, and positive psychological experiences, indicating the feasibility of the 10-week open-goal program. Secondary outcomes suggest that open goals may function by increasing enjoyment and self-efficacy while decreasing negative outcomes such as pressure, guilt, and failure. The findings indicate that using open goals in longer-term physical activity programs is feasible, expanding on the limitations of previous single-session designs, and offering recommendations for future trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"389-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption and Fat Use Following Calisthenics vs. Oxygen Consumption Matched Steady-State Exercise.","authors":"Eun-Byeol Lee, Oyama Okimitsu, Jiin Ryu, Tae Ho Lee, Dong-Hyuk Park, Sunghyun Hong, Sang-Hoon Suh, Daehyun Park, Jungsun Han, Sophie Lalande, Hirofumi Tanaka, Minsuk Oh, Justin Y Jeon","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2410394","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2410394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calisthenics is a form of bodyweight exercise that involves dynamic and rhythmic exercises. The physiological responses during and after calisthenics remain unclear. This study examined whether a bout of full-body calisthenics, a form of circuit resistance exercise that involves bodyweight movements, yields greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) than steady-state exercise (SSE) at matched oxygen consumption. Twenty-two young adults (age = 22.1 ± 2.4 years; four females) participated in two separate, oxygen consumption (<math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂) matched exercise sessions: full-body calisthenics (nine body weight exercises, 15 reps × 4 sets) and SSE (running on a treadmill at 60-90% of <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂max). Energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and EPOC were measured during exercise and 60 min of recovery. SSE showed higher peak <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂ and heart rate during exercise than those during calisthenics. However, the post-exercise <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂ and energy expenditure above baseline level during the first 10 min of recovery were significantly higher with calisthenics than with SSE (0-5 min: 1.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.6; 6-10 min: 0.5 ± 0.4 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2 kcal/min; 31-60 min recovery: -0.1 ± 0.3 vs. -0.2 ± 0.2; all <i>p</i> < .05). During calisthenics, participants utilized a significantly higher proportion of energy from carbohydrates (85 vs. 73%; <i>p</i> < .01) but after exercise, they used a greater proportion of fat as the energy source (71 vs. 50%; <i>p</i> < .01) compared to SSE. Full-body calisthenics, a circuit-style bodyweight exercise, may be more effective than <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow></math>O₂ matched SSE in triggering greater EPOC and fat metabolism. Further efforts are warranted to demonstrate whether different amounts of skeletal muscle mass groups indeed lead to varying EPOC responses and energy use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"382-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Adaptations to Systematically Varying Resistance Exercises.","authors":"Witalo Kassiano, Bruna Costa, Gabriel Kunevaliki, João Pedro Nunes, Pâmela Castro-E-Souza, Jainara de Paula Felipe, Ian Tricoli, Alan Luiz, Valmor Tricoli, Edilson S Cyrino","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2409961","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2409961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compared the effects of varied and constant resistance exercises on muscular adaptations in young women. Seventy young women (21.8 ± 3.4 yrs, 62.0 ± 12.3 kg, 162.3 ± 5.7 cm) were randomly divided into two groups: constant resistance exercises (CON-RE, <i>n</i> = 38) or varied resistance exercises (VAR-RE, <i>n</i> = 32). The resistance training (RT) was performed thrice a week over 10 weeks. CON-RE performed a 45º leg press and stiff-leg deadlift in every training session, while VAR-RE performed 45º leg press and stiff-leg deadlift in the first training session of the week, hack squat and prone leg curl in the second, and Smith machine squat and seated-leg curl in the third. Both groups performed two sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum per resistance exercise. We measured the muscle thickness of the thigh's anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects by ultrasonography at different muscle sites (proximo-distal). Muscular strength was analyzed from the one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests in the 45° leg press and leg extension (non-trained exercise). The muscle thickness increased similarly in both groups for all muscles and sites (CON-RE: +7.8-17.7% vs. VAR-RE: +7.5-19.3%, <i>p</i> > .05). The 1RM increased similarly in both groups (CON-RE: +24.4-32.1% vs. VAR-RE: +29.0-30.1%, <i>p</i> > .05). Both RT routines resulted in virtually similar muscular strength gains and hypertrophy. Therefore, both strategies should be considered for the improvement of strength and muscle growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}