Neurological research and practice最新文献

{"title":"The best treatment is prevention: prevention of cognitive decline and dementia - current state, gaps and next steps.","authors":"Kathrin Reetz, Inga Liepelt-Scarfone, Alexa Häger, Agnes Flöel, Jörg B Schulz","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00494-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00494-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) recognises dementia as a public health priority. Currently, more than 55 million people live with dementia, and this figure is expected to almost triple to 139 million by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, and there is still no cure. Despite the availability of symptomatic and first disease-modifying treatments, effective treatment remains limited. This makes it even more important to be aware that it is estimated that nearly half of all dementia cases could be prevented by eliminating 14 major risk factors. Consequently, the role of these modifiable risk factors has been the subject of research to inform effective preventive strategies. This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. First, we provide an overview of the current state on risk factors, multimodal clinical controlled trials for slowing down or preventing dementia and primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Second, we evaluate knowledge and action gaps in the field. Finally, we discuss how to address these gaps and what the next steps should be. Overall, to accelerate progress, the following key calls to action are paramount: (1) making prevention of cognitive decline and dementia a priority; (2) promoting brain health throughout the lifespan through coordinated intersectoral action targeting key risk factors; (3) improving access to diagnosis and treatment for patients with cognitive decline and dementia; and (4) encouraging research on prevention and how to translate knowledge into action.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Parkinson's disease in the context of movement disorders: a narrative review of current evidence and future directions.","authors":"Eva Schaeffer, Jos Steffen Becktepe, Kathrin Brockmann, Carsten Eggers, Eileen Gülke, Elke Kalbe, Tim W Rattay, Lars Tönges, Tobias Warnecke, Kirsten E Zeuner, Daniela Berg","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00488-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00488-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurological disorder worldwide and, together with other movement disorders, belongs to a group of chronic neurological conditions associated with a substantial burden for affected individuals, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Despite significant advances in symptomatic treatment, disease-modifying therapies remain unavailable, shifting increasing attention toward prevention as a key therapeutic strategy. In this narrative we primarily focus on PD, as the epidemiologically most challenging condition and the one for which the most comprehensive evidence base for preventive strategies has been established. Preventive approaches relevant to other movement disorders are briefly discussed to highlight other promising targets requiring further investigations. In recent years major progress has been achieved in the identification of modifiable factors relevant for primary prevention of PD. Well-supported factors include physical activity, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, and caffeine or tea consumption as protective factors, as well as pesticide exposure as a relevant risk factor. Advances in early and prodromal diagnosis of PD have opened new perspectives for secondary prevention. Earlier identification of individuals at risk may enable timely interventions aimed at attenuating early disease progression. However, despite this progress, the systematic implementation of early therapeutic interventions in the prodromal phase remains limited. Evidence is sparse and largely indirect, mainly inferred from later disease onset associated with physical activity and dietary patterns. Similarly, although early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment are clearly recommended by clinical guidelines, they remain insufficiently integrated into routine clinical care. Finally, tertiary prevention strategies are supported by a broad evidence base. Multidisciplinary rehabilitative care models have demonstrated clear benefits in preventing complications, maintaining daily functioning and quality of life. While such rehabilitative approaches are widely implemented, the strong evidence supporting moderate- to high-intensity physical exercise remains insufficiently translated into routine practice. Looking ahead, a key goal for the coming decades is the development of personalized prevention strategies, including beyond other insights into gene-environment interactions and the integration of multi-omics data to tailor interventions to individual risk profiles. Such approaches hold promise to maximize preventive efficacy and reduce the overall burden of PD and related movement disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-territory sign in infective endocarditis and concomitant stroke: a retrospective analysis on characteristics and associated factors.","authors":"Hannah Schuermann, Regina von Rennenberg, Christoph Riegler, Simon Hellwig, Helena Stengl, Simon Litmeier, Jan F Scheitz, Wolfram Doehner, Heinrich Audebert, Tim Bastian Braemswig, Christian H Nolte","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00493-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00493-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare yet challenging cause of acute stroke. A stroke imaging pattern with ischemic lesions in all three major cerebral vascular supply territories (three-territory sign), is considered typical for IE. However, data on its frequency and significance are scarce. METHODS: Data on IE patients with concomitant acute stroke admitted to three tertiary care hospitals in Berlin, Germany, between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Presence of the three-territory sign was evaluated on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). Presence and distribution of accompanying hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and chronic infarcts were evaluated, too. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with three-territory sign. RESULTS: We identified 135 patients with IE and acute stroke on cMRI (median age 67 years [56–76], 31.9% female). Three-territory sign was present in 86/135 patients (63.7%). Three-territory sign was independently associated with detection of Staphylococcus aureus [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.98 (95% CI 1.35–11.75)] and additional extracerebral arterial embolism [aOR = 4.78 (95% CI 1.77–12.91)] but not with presence or distribution of hemorrhagic stroke, CMB or chronic infarcts. In-hospital mortality was higher in IE patients with three-territory sign compared to those without (31.4% vs. 12.2%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Three-territory sign is common but not obligatory in IE patients with acute ischemic stroke. cMRI will rather depict this stroke pattern in the more severely diseased IE patients as three-territory sign makes detection of a particularly virulent pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) more likely and indicates higher severity of disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13097575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S1 guidelines of the German Society of Neurology for Viral Meningoencephalitis- AWMF Registration No.: 030-100.","authors":"Uta Meyding-Lamadé, Eva Maria Craemer, Kemal Aydin, Christian Jacobi, Judith Wagner, Bettina Pfausler, Hilmar Prange, Volker Schuchardt, Solveig Mosthaf, Matthias Mehling, Matthias Klein, Burc Bassa","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00487-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00487-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The guidelines ´Viral meningoencephalitis´ emphasize early and aggressive management, including rapid diagnosis through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging (MRI).Treatment focuses on supportive care, with specific antiviral therapy (like acyclovir for herpes encephalitis) available for certain viral causes. These Guidelines also address the importance of prompt antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis when suspected, and the use of dexamethasone alongside antibiotics in some cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSpine: a prospective longitudinal study of spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis: MRI monitoring and prognostic factors for active disease. A study protocol.","authors":"Demmie Bouweriks, Daniel Kreiter, Stephanie A M Knippenberg, Jan G M C Damoiseaux, Joost Smolders, Jeroen J J van Eijk, Elwin H H Mommers, Janet W K de Beukelaar, Tom B G Olde Dubbelink, Audrey H H Merry, Raymond M M Hupperts, Oliver H H Gerlach","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00465-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00465-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Over the past years, spinal cord MRI (SC-MRI) has improved significantly in quality and has become an important part of the diagnostic workup for MS. Presently, follow-up imaging of the spinal cord is mainly performed when spinal cord related symptoms occur. However, there is increasing evidence that asymptomatic cord lesions can occur independently of brain disease activity. Even asymptomatic spinal cord lesions have been shown to be a poor prognostic factor regarding future disability accrual. Additionally, the association between (asymptomatic) spinal cord lesions and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) remains undefined. Prospective data on the frequency and importance of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions, and therefore the potential role of SC-MRI in treatment monitoring, is lacking. OBJECTIVE: We will routinely scan the whole spinal cord (as well as routine brain MRI) to prospectively collect SC-MRI data, in addition to clinical parameters, blood-biomarkers and CSF, in recently diagnosed MS patients. The goal is to assess the incidence of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions in patients commencing disease modifying treatment (DMT) for the first time. It will be assessed how often disease activity is solely proven by SC-MRI. A secondary objective is to identify patient groups predisposed to developing new spinal cord lesions during follow-up in early disease. METHODS: This will be a multicentre, prospective longitudinal, observational study. The study population consists of relapsing-remitting MS patients, between 18 and 65 years old, initiating their first DMT within 5 years of the first clinical event. We aim to include 155 patients, who will receive three yearly SC-MRI (both sagittal and axial), brain MRI and biomarker assays during follow-up of 27 months. RESULTS: This study started in August 2024. Currently, inclusion is still ongoing. CONCLUSIONS: The goal of this study is to explore the incidence of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions in early MS and to identify prognostic factors for spinal cord disease activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered in the Dutch CCMO/OMON Registry under NL-005846 at 12/03/2024 ( https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/56629 ) and in ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT06827834. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CTA imaging characteristics and endovascular therapy effect in patients with large ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Wei Deng, Xiaojun Zhu, Jun Han, Yanli Sun, Guangxian Nan","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00492-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00492-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Although landmark trials showed favorable outcomes with endovascular therapy (EVT) for large ischemic stroke, imaging protocols for patient inclusion varied. This study aims to explore the interaction between computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging characteristics and the association of EVT with outcomes in real-world clinical practice. METHODS: This was a subanalysis of a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients with large vessel occlusion and ASPECTS 0–5 from 38 stroke centers across China between November 2021 and February 2023. Based on admission CTA imaging, the occlusion site, Tan score, cortical vein opacification score (COVES), internal cerebral veins (ICV), and clot burden score were assessed. The primary outcome was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Treatment effects across subgroups based on CTA imaging characteristics were analyzed using ordinal regression analysis, and interaction analysis was performed to assess whether these characteristics modified the effect of EVT on 90-day mRS. RESULTS: Among the 460 patients (255 male, 55.4%), the EVT group was younger than SMT group (67 years [IQR, 58–77] vs. 72 years [IQR, 65–79]). COVES and Tan score significantly modified the association between EVT and 90-day mRS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.023 for interaction, respectively), with a larger effect size observed in patients with COVES 3–6 (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 2.43 [95% CI, 1.39–4.27]; P = 0.002) and Tan score 2–3 (acOR, 2.78 [95% CI, 1.24–6.24]; P = 0.013). In contrast, occlusion site, ICV score, and clot burden score did not modify the effect of EVT. CONCLUSION: Better arterial and venous collaterals in patients with large ischemic stroke are associated with favorable outcomes and may modify the effect of EVT. This analysis provides preliminary evidence supporting the role of baseline CTA imaging in guiding EVT selection for these patients. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital resource use and costs in autoimmune encephalitis: a single-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Niklas Keller, Dominic Bertram, Hajo Hamer, Arnd Doerfler, Stefan Schwab, Veit Rothhammer, Thanos Tsaktanis","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00491-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00491-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) causes substantial but insufficiently quantified hospital resource use. We aimed to estimate direct hospital costs of acute AE care and identify factors associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS). METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with an index admission fulfilling criteria for probable or definite AE (2011–2021). Direct hospital costs within 1 year after index admission were estimated from the UKER hospital/provider perspective by applying standardized German unit costs (price year 2020) to observed non-ICU ward days, ICU days, and neurology outpatient visits. Associations with total costs were assessed using univariable OLS regression; contributors to prolonged LOS were extracted from chart review. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (16 female, 46%; median age 63 years [IQR 42–73]) were included (2011–2021). CNS-targeting antibodies were detected in 74%. Median LOS was 26 days (IQR 13–38), and 11 patients (31%) required ICU care. Median direct hospital costs per patient within the first year were EUR 26,547 (USD 30,264). ICU-admitted patients incurred higher hospital costs than non-ICU patients (EUR 69,822 vs. EUR 20,234 per patient; p < 0.001). LOS, particularly ICU LOS, was a major cost driver. Delayed diagnosis, prolonged immunotherapy, insufficient treatment response, medical complications, and ICU admission contributed to longer LOS and higher costs. Costs did not differ between seropositive and seronegative patients, but varied by antibody subtype, with NMDA-R positivity associated with higher costs. CONCLUSION: AE is associated with substantial direct hospital costs, especially among ICU-admitted patients. Optimizing diagnostic workflows and timely initiation of immunotherapy may reduce LOS and resource use and improve outcomes. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13091250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between guidelines and reality: expert neurologists' perspectives on structural resources for ALS care in Germany.","authors":"Katharina Linse, Dorothée Lulé, Florian Schöberl, Peter Reilich, Benjamin Ilse, Moritz Metelmann, Clemens Eickhoff, Sarah Bublitz, Stefan Lorenzl, Matthias Boentert, Susanne Petri, Annekathrin Rödiger, Uta Smesny, Joachim Wolf, Ute Weyen, Daniel Zeller, Johannes Dorst, André Maier, Thomas Meyer, Paul Lingor, Andreas Hermann, Martin Regensburger, Julian Großkreutz, Clemens Runge, Hanna Sophie Lapp, Maren Freigang, Maximilian Vidovic, Elisa Aust, Constanze Weber, René Günther","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00481-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00481-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease, leading to an inexorable decline in voluntary muscle function, and finally to death within 2–4 years. The provision of professional ALS care is a multifaceted and continually evolving challenge, including the management of symptoms, advanced care planning, and the provision of psychosocial support. The core objective is to minimize suffering by optimizing symptom management and preserving quality of life. European and German guidelines recommend a specialized, multidisciplinary, and multiprofessional team, including collaborations with palliative care providers. While this is a validated approach to ensure optimal care and patient satisfaction, real-world experience suggests that the German healthcare system may not fully meet these requirements. METHODS: This study assessed resources of specialized ALS centres in Germany, focusing on the structural prerequisites for the provision of multidimensional care and collaboration with specialised palliative care (SPC) providers. A mixed methods design was used, comprising remote video interviews with neurologists specialized in ALS, including standardised questions and an open section. RESULTS: Sixteen neurologists representing their ALS centres were interviewed. The findings indicated a substantial discrepancy in the allocation of time and personnel resources among the centres. The majority of interviewees regarded resources to be inadequate and reported deficiencies in multidisciplinarity and networking. Consequently, certain components of ALS care - particularly psychosocial concerns - have been documented as being occasionally disregarded due to limitations in time or human resources. A number of interviewees expressed criticism regarding the inadequate access to and suboptimal collaboration with SPC providers. The compensation for patient care and interprofessional communication was not perceived as cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that limited resources may prevent the provision of guideline-based care for people living with ALS and their families, even in specialized outpatient clinics. To facilitate the delivery of comprehensive care by ALS centers throughout the entire disease course, the establishment of operational standards concerning their multi-professional staffing and adequate compensation is imperative. Further research is needed to develop feasible concepts of how specialized neurological palliative care can be made reliably accessible to all patients in need. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147641097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive strategies against brain metastases: current state of the art and future directions.","authors":"Franziska Maria Ippen, Franz Felix Konen, Peter Hau, Frank Winkler","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00467-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00467-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Brain metastases (BM) represent a deleterious complication in many solid tumors. Despite advances in systemic therapy, BM are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, preventive strategies are gaining importance and represent a dynamic area of investigation. METHODS: Relevant literature and clinical trials were included, focusing on systemic therapies, multimodal treatment approaches, and future therapeutic avenues. Clinical trials reporting on secondary (preventing BM in a yet BM-free cancer patient) and tertiary prevention (preventing formation of new and recurrence of existent BM in a patient who has already developed BM) were included. RESULTS: A number of BM treatment-effective drugs have shown BM-preventive effects: In NSCLC, the EGFR-inhibitor osimertinib and ALK inhibitors like alectinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib lower the incidence of BM. In HER2-positive breast cancer, tucatinib and trastuzumab deruxtecan have preventive activity in patients without BM at baseline. In melanoma, BRAF/MEK inhibition and immunotherapy might be able to delay the onset of BM, although prospective data remains limited to date. Notably, drugs effective in BM therapy do not necessarily work in BM prevention, and vice versa. Preclinical data, including insights from Cancer Neuroscience, reveal novel preventive strategies warranting further exploration. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive strategies against BM in solid tumors are feasible, though data are sparse at this time. Preventing BM requires a personalized, multidisciplinary approach, integrating tumor biology, individual risk assessment, and therapeutic advances. Secondary prevention in patients with BM is as vital as tertiary prevention, warranting prospective validation of preclinical concepts. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting risk factors and strategies for prevention of peripheral neuropathy: focus on B-vitamin deficiencies and metabolic diseases.","authors":"Petra Baum, Joanna Kosacka, Thomas Ebert","doi":"10.1186/s42466-026-00466-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-026-00466-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Polyneuropathy (PN) is a common neurological disorder characterized by sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction of peripheral nerves. Its incidence is increasing, especially among the elderly population, making PN a significant and growing public health concern worldwide. MAIN BODY: This review highlights the key risk factors contributing to the development of PN, with a particular focus on nutritional and metabolic etiologies. These include B-vitamin deficiencies, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and treatment-induced neuropathies. The complex interplay of these factors often exacerbates the progression of PN and complicates management. Current preventive approaches and challenges in early detection are also discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies aimed at reducing the disease burden. CONCLUSION: The rising prevalence and disabling nature of PN necessitate urgent public awareness, better screening, and increased healthcare resources. Advancing prevention strategies targeting modifiable risk factors may significantly reduce the impact of PN on patients and healthcare systems alike. </p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13045129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}