Neurological research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Macrophage inclusions in cerebrospinal fluid following treatment initiation with antisense oligonucleotide therapies in motor neuron diseases.","authors":"Maximilian Vidovic, Mario Menschikowski, Maren Freigang, Hanna Sophie Lapp, René Günther","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00305-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two distinct neurological disorders leading to degeneration of lower motor neurons. The antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) nusinersen and tofersen are novel disease-modifying agents for these diseases, respectively. In the context of ASO treatment, the cytological characteristics and composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have recently garnered particular interest. This report presents a case series of CSF cytology findings in two patients with SMA and ALS revealing comparable unspecified macrophage inclusions following treatment initiation with nusinersen and tofersen. Yet, the presence of these \"asophages\" in the treatment course of two different ASOs is of unclear significance. While both treatments have been well tolerated, this phenomenon warrants attention, given the long-term nature of these treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10882918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative thinking and cognitive estimation in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Marcus Heldmann, Celia Rinckens, Norbert Brüggemann, Mohamed Al-Khaled, Thomas F Münte","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00304-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00304-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported to exhibit unusual bouts of creativity (e.g., painting, writing), in particular in the context of treatment with dopaminergic agents. Here we investigated divergent and convergent thinking thought to underlie creativity. In addition we assessed cognitive estimation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty PD patients and 20 matched healthy control participants were subjected to the Guilford Alternate Uses task (divergent thinking), the remote associates task (convergent thinking) and two tests of cognitive estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences were found for the convergent thinking task, while the Guilford Alternate Uses task revealed a decreased number of correct responses and a reduced originality for PD patients. Originality in PD was correlated to total daily dose of dopaminergic medication. Moreover, both tasks of cognitive estimation showed an impairment in PD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only minor effects were found for psychometric indices of subprocesses of creative thinking, while estimation, relying on executive functioning, is impaired in PD. We suggest to take a product oriented view of creativity in further research on altered creative processes in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10868033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative motor deficits and depressive symptoms predict quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease at different time points after surgery for subthalamic stimulation: a retrospective study.","authors":"Carolin Semmler, Vasilija Stopic, Stefanie T Jost, Gereon R Fink, Peter H Weiss, Michael T Barbe","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00303-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00303-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves the quality of life (QoL) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the clinical parameters that predict this improvement remain debated. This retrospective study explored whether preoperative motor, cognitive, and affective parameters predict QoL or its components at 6 and 12 months after STN-DBS surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>QoL was assessed with the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) before (baseline), at 6 months (N = 90) and 12 months (N = 63) after STN-DBS surgery. Changes in the PDQ-39 and its subdomains were analysed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. In total, seven motor, cognitive, and affective parameters recorded at baseline were used in multiple linear regressions to predict QoL and its subdomains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QoL had improved significantly at six months post STN-DBS surgery. After 12 months, this effect remained significant but was less pronounced. At both time points, significant improvements in mobility, activities of daily living, stigma, and bodily discomfort were present. Correlation and linear regression analyses showed that preoperative QoL status and changes in QoL at 6 and 12 months after surgery were driven by preoperative dopaminergic medication, as well as motor (UPDRS-III medOFF and PIGD-subscore medOFF) and affective (HADS anxiety and depression) symptoms. In contrast, preoperative cognitive performance did not predict QoL at any time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data show that preoperative motor and affective symptoms drive both QoL baseline status and changes in QoL after STN-DBS surgery. Thus, these clinical parameters need to be assessed appropriately to provide comprehensive presurgical advice to patients suffering from PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transsectoral long-term neurorehabilitation.","authors":"Mareike Schrader, Annette Sterr, Tobias Strank, Stephan Bamborschke, Christian Dohle","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00302-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00302-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquired brain injuries are among the most common causes of disability in adulthood. An intensive rehabilitation phase is crucial for recovery. However, there is a lack of concepts to further expand the therapeutic success after the standard rehabilitation period. Hereafter, the characteristics of a transsectoral, multiprofessional long-term neurorehabilitation concept and its effects on outcome at different ICF levels are described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The P.A.N. Center for Post-Acute Neurorehabilitation combines living with 24/7 support of pedagogical staff with on-site outpatient therapy and medical care. A secondary data analysis was conducted on the records of all patients with completeted P.A.N. treatment between 01.01.2015 and 09.04.2022. Outcome parameters included demographic characteristics, diagnostics, Barthel Index (BI), the German scale \"Hilfebedarf von Menschen mit Behinderung für den Lebensbereich Wohnen \" (HMBW), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the destination after discharge. For BI and discharge destination, potential determinants of therapy success are evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>168 patients were enrolled in the analyses. Significant improvements were observed in the BI (p < .001), with median values increasing from 55 to 80 points. The HMBW showed a significant decrease in the need for assistance in everyday living (p < .001), individual basic care (p < .001), shaping social relationship (p = .003) and communication (p < .001). Significant improvements were reported in the COPM total score for performance (p < .001) and satisfaction (p < .001). 72% of the patients were able to move in a community living arrangement with moderate need for support. Main predictive factor for discharge destination was the initial cognitive deficit. The comparison of the third-person scales BI and HMBW with the self-reported COPM showed that individually formulated patient goals are only insufficiently reflected in these global scales.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The data show that a highly coordinated, trans-sectoral 24/7 approach of goal-oriented practice as pursued at P.A.N. is feasible and effective. We assume that the success of the intervention is due to the high intensity of therapies delivered over a long time and its interlink with real world practice. For a comprehensive analysis of rehabilitation success, it is necessary to record and evaluate individual patient goals, as these are not always reflected in the commonly used global scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional long-term outcome following endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.","authors":"Andreas Rogalewski, Nele Klein, Anja Friedrich, Alkisti Kitsiou, Marie Schäbitz, Frédéric Zuhorn, Burkhard Gess, Björn Berger, Randolf Klingebiel, Wolf-Rüdiger Schäbitz","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00301-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00301-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). Yet, long-term outcome (LTO) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in these patients have rarely been addressed, as opposed to modified Rankin scale (mRS) recordings. We analysed demographic data, treatment and neuroimaging parameters in 694 consecutive stroke patients in a maximum care hospital. In 138 of these patients with respect on receipt of written informed consent, LTO and HRQoL were collected over a period of 48 months after EVT using a standardised telephone survey (median 2.1 years after EVT). Age < 70 years (OR 4.82), lower NIHSS on admission (OR 1.11), NIHSS ≤ 10 after 24 h (OR 11.23) and complete recanalisation (mTICI3) (OR 7.79) were identified as independent predictors of favourable LTO. Occurrence of an infection requiring treatment within the first 72 h was recognised as a negative predictor for good long-term outcome (OR 0.22). Patients with mRS > 2 according to the telephone survey more often had complaints regarding mobility, self-care, and usual activity domains of the HRQoL. Our results underline a sustainable positive effect of effective EVT on the quality of life in LVO stroke. Additionally, predictive parameters of outcome were identified, that may support clinical decision making in LVO stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluating the relevance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET findings for diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis: a case series.","authors":"Jessy Chen, Giulia Metzger, Christian Furth, Georg Bohner, Volker Siffrin","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00299-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00299-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis (NS) remains challenging due to the difficulty to obtain central nervous system (CNS) biopsies. Various diagnostic parameters are considered for the definition of possible, probable and definite NS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging gold standard and considered in diagnostic criteria. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission (¹⁸F-FDG PET) is sometimes performed additionally to identify possible systemic biopsy targets. However, at present, its findings are not incorporated into the diagnostic criteria for neurosarcoidosis (NS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single center retrospective search for the period 2020-2022, for patients with neurological symptoms in a diagnostic context of suspected NS who underwent MRI and additional ¹⁸F-FDG PET scans to identify potential hypermetabolism in the CNS and biopsy targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three cases of NS, where Gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans did not show abnormalities while ¹⁸F-FDG PET revealed hypermetabolic lesions in areas of the CNS. Additional MRI scans were still inconclusive for structural changes. We diagnosed a \"probable\" NS in all cases with histopathological confirmation of systemic sarcoidosis which led to an intensified therapy regime.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>¹⁸F-FDG PET is an early indicator for metabolic changes. It appears to be a useful add-on to improve accuracy of diagnostic criteria in suspected NS without MRI findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10809582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of brain death using ^99mTc-HMPAO scintigraphy and transcranial duplex sonography in a patient on veno-arterial ECMO.","authors":"Albrecht Günther, Anke Werner, Michael Fritzenwanger, Martin Brauer, Martin Freesmeyer, P Christian Schulze, Farid Salih, Robert Drescher","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00298-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00298-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10809543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of status epilepticus in pregnancy: a clinician survey.","authors":"Dionne Swor, Pallavi Juneja, Charlotte Constantine, Catrin Mann, Felix Rosenow, Suzette LaRoche","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00295-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00295-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Status epilepticus in pregnancy (SEP) is rare and life-threatening for both mother and fetus. There are well-established guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy during pregnancy; however, there is little evidence guiding the management of SEP, leading to uncertainty among treating physicians. Therefore, this survey aims to investigate the real-world practices of physicians treating SEP to explore management approaches for improvements in care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous, electronic survey was created and distributed to neurointensivists and neurologists between September and December 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred physicians initiated the survey and 95 completed it in full: 87 (87%, 87/100) identified neurology as their primary specialty, 31 had subspecialty training in neurocritical care, and 48 had subspecialty training in epilepsy and/or clinical neurophysiology. Over half of the survey respondents (67%, 67/100) reported having participated in the management of SEP, with 48.9% (49/98) having done so in the past year. Most survey respondents (73%, 73/100) reported that their management approach to SEP is different than that of non-pregnant patients. Survey respondents were more likely to involve epilepsy consultants when treating SEP (58.5%, 58/99) and the vast majority involved Obstetrics/Maternal Fetal Medicine consultants (90.8%, 89/98). Survey respondents showed a clear preference for levetiracetam (89.7%, 87/97) in the treatment of benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus followed by lacosamide (61%, 60/98) if an additional second line agent was needed. Valproate and phenobarbital were unlikely to be used. There was less agreement for the management of refractory and super-refractory SEP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Levetiracetam is the most frequently used anti-seizure medication (ASM) for benzodiazepine-refractory SEP. Survey participants tended to manage SEP differently than in non-pregnant patients including greater involvement of interdisciplinary teams as well as avoidance of ASMs associated with known teratogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary network care collaboration in Parkinson's disease: a baseline evaluation in Germany.","authors":"Carina Lummer, Carsten Eggers, Andreas Becker, Fenja Demandt, Tobias Warnecke","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00300-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00300-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The strengthening of interdisciplinary care collaboration in Parkinson's disease is taking on increasing importance in daily medical routine. Therefore, care providers worldwide are organizing themselves in disease-specific regional network structures. However, the existing networks are heterogeneous, and the driving key players are yet unidentified.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically identify key factors of the composition of health care professionals, who are initially interested in the development of a Parkinson network for interdisciplinary care collaboration, their motivation, and expectations, we conducted a basic evaluation in three different German regions covering a total number of 23,405 people with Parkinson's.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A specially developed semi-open questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic information, ways of contact, interdisciplinary collaboration, and connectedness was used. Statistical analyses were performed based on a predesigned codebook.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most crucial professions were outpatient therapists (physio-, occupational-, speech therapists) (36.7%), average case load of 10.1 patients/3 months and inpatient movement disorder specialists (21.1%), average case load of 197.4 patients/3 months. Before implementation of PD networks, 48.9% of outpatient therapists did not have any contact with neurologists. 58.9% of caregivers considered the current frequency of collaboration to be insufficient. The lack of political support as well as a lack of time were identified as main hurdles to increased collaboration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified driving forces in strengthened care collaboration are assigned to different healthcare sectors. This makes networks which provide tools for specialized education and interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral communication indispensable. For an areawide rollout, a rethinking of political frameworks towards network care is strongly necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10782567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of acute stroke care in Germany from 2019 to 2021: analysis of nation-wide administrative datasets.","authors":"Matthias N Ungerer, Dirk Bartig, Daniel Richter, Christos Krogias, Werner Hacke, Christoph Gumbinger","doi":"10.1186/s42466-023-00297-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-023-00297-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) has changed considerably in recent years. Particularly the advent of mechanical thrombectomy (MTE) has revolutionized the available treatment options. Most patients in developed countries have access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). However access to MTE remains restricted in some regions despite efforts to increase its availability. We performed an evaluation of national datasets to monitor improvements made in access to revascularization therapies for IS patients in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed national datasets on German Diagnosis-Related Groups and structured quality reports by extracting information of patients admitted with stroke with and without IVT and MTE for the period of 2019-2021. Data from 2016 and limited data for 2022 were also included for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Admissions with ischemic stroke declined during the years of the COVID 19 pandemic by 4.5% from 227,258 in 2019 to 216,923 in 2021. IVT rates were stable with 16.3% being treated with IVT in 2019 and 2021. MTE rates continued to increase from 7.1 to 8.4% and the number of MTE centers increased by 14.8% in the same period. Over 87.3% of MTEs were performed in centers with a case volume exceeding 50 cases per year in 2021. The largest increase in the relative share of MTEs was seen in large MTE centers (n ≥ 200). Patient age for MTEs surpassed the age for IVTs in 2019 and the proportion of patients ≥ 80 years receiving MTE continued to increase. The proportion of regions in Germany with poor MTE rates (≤ 4.1%) decreased significantly from 2019 (12.3%) to 2021 (5.3%) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found strong evidence that while IVT rates reached a temporary ceiling effect, both the absolute number of and access to MTEs continued to increase in Germany. Regional disparities have become less significant and the majority of MTEs are performed in centers with medium or high case volumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10782681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}