Neurological research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Increase of nitrous oxide-induced neurological disorders - a German multicenter experience.","authors":"Julius Nicolai Meißner, Janina Neuneier, Iason Bartzokis, Mathias Rehm, Ahmad Al-Hayali, Marcus Müller, Sebastian Paus, Volker Limmroth, Gereon R Fink, Gabor C Petzold, Louisa Nitsch","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00361-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitrous oxide (N₂O), commonly known as laughing gas, is widely recognized for its anesthetic and analgesic effects, and is frequently used in medical contexts. However, its misuse can lead to significant neurological complications, which are often under-recognized in clinical practice. Recent data on such cases in Germany are rare. We here report the spectrum of neurological complications associated with the recreational use of N₂O, as encountered in German neurology centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed of 23 cases presenting with neurological symptoms following N₂O abuse between July 2020 and August 2024 across five neurology departments in Germany. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the last four years the number of cases increased. Clinical presentations primarily included neuropathy, found in all patients, along with myelopathy. The most common symptoms were sensory loss, ataxia, and motor deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that N₂O abuse is on the rise in Germany. Further initiatives are warranted to raise awareness among users, healthcare and professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the left primary motor cortex in apraxia.","authors":"Ksenia Perlova, Claudia C Schmidt, Gereon R Fink, Peter H Weiss","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00359-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00359-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apraxia is a motor-cognitive disorder that primary sensorimotor deficits cannot solely explain. Previous research in stroke patients has focused on damage to the fronto-parietal praxis networks in the left hemisphere (LH) as the cause of apraxic deficits. In contrast, the potential role of the (left) primary motor cortex (M1) has largely been neglected. However, recent brain stimulation and lesion-mapping studies suggest an involvement of left M1 in motor cognitive processes-over and above its role in motor execution. Therefore, this study explored whether the left M1 plays a specific role in apraxia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 157 right-handed patients with first-ever unilateral LH stroke in the sub-acute phase (< 90 days post-stroke), for whom apraxia assessments performed with the ipsilesional left hand and lesion maps were available. Utilizing the maximum probability map of Brodmann area 4 (representing M1) provided by the JuBrain Anatomy Toolbox in SPM, patients were subdivided into two groups depending on whether their lesions involved (n = 40) or spared (n = 117) left M1. We applied a mixed model ANCOVA with repeated measures to compare apraxic deficits between the two patient groups, considering the factors \"body part\" and \"gesture meaning\". Furthermore, we explored potential differential effects of the anterior (4a) and posterior (4p) parts of Brodmann area 4 by correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with and without M1 involvement did not differ in age and time post-stroke but in lesion size. When controlling for lesion size, the total apraxia scores did not differ significantly between groups. However, the mixed model ANCOVA showed that LH stroke patients with lesions involving left M1 performed differentially worse when imitating meaningless finger gestures. This effect was primarily driven by lesions affecting Brodmann area 4p.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even though many current definitions of apraxia disregard a relevant role of (left) M1, the observed differential effect of M1 lesions, specifically involving subarea 4p, on the imitation of meaningless finger gestures in the current sample of LH stroke patients suggests a specific role of left M1 in imitation when high amounts of (motor) attention and sensorimotor integration are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11716253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and cost structure of drug-based secondary prevention of ischemic strokes.","authors":"Konstantin Kohlhase, Ferdinand O Bohmann, Christian Grefkes, Adam Strzelczyk, Laurent M Willems","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00356-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00356-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in secondary stroke prevention, including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), dual antiplatelet therapies (DAPT), and cardiovascular risk management, have changed costs over the past decade. This study aimed to evaluate annual treatment costs and trends in drug-based secondary prophylaxis after ischemic strokes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Annual treatment costs were evaluated using the net costs per defined daily dosage (DDD) of discharge medications for ischemic stroke patients treated in 2020 at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany. Evaluated drugs included acetylsalicylic acid, adenosine diphosphate inhibitors, DOACs, vitamin K antagonists, lipid-lowering drugs (LLD), antihypertensives (AHT), and oral antidiabetics (OD). Kruskal-Wallis test examined intergroup differences in substance groups and stroke etiologies. DDD development between 2004 and 2021 was further evaluated for significant trend changes using an interrupted time series analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 422 patients (70.5 ± 12.9 years, 43.1% female). Etiologies divided into large-artery atherosclerosis (29.9%), cardioembolic (25.6%), cryptogenic (26.8%), and small-vessel disease (17.8%). The total estimated annual drug expenditure was € 241,808; of which 51.6% was due to DOACs (median € 1157 [Q1-Q3:1157-1157], p < 0.006), 20.0% to AHTs (€127.8 [76.7-189.8]), 15.7% to ODs (€525.6 [76.7-641.5]), and 8.7% to LLDs (€43.8 [43.8-43.8]). Cardioembolic strokes had the highest annual costs per patient (€1328.6 [1169.0-1403.4]) with higher expenditure for DOACs (p < 0.001) and AHTs (p < 0.026). DAPT costs were highest for large-vessel strokes (p < 0.001) and accounted for 2.5% of total costs. There was a significant trend change in DDDs for clopidogrel in 2010 (p < 0.001), for prasugrel in 2017 (p < 0.001), for ASA in 2015 (p < 0.001) and for DOACs in 2012 (p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DOACs for cardioembolic strokes were the primary cost driver in drug-based secondary stroke prevention, whereas permanent ASA and DAPT only accounted for a minor cost proportion. LLDs were associated with lower costs than AHTs and ODs. There were significant changes in DDDs for the respective substances, whereas the costs for DOACs as the most expensive pharmaceuticals remained widely stable across the last decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological interventions for improvement of symptoms of post-stroke depression - study protocol of the depression-intervention study for optimization of reconvalesence after stroke (DISCOVER).","authors":"Lino Braadt, Simone Fischer, Markus Naumann, Philipp Zickler, Thomas Schneider-Axmann, Laura Mühlich, Katharina Körber, Alexander Lassner, Wolfgang Strube, Astrid Röh, Alkomiet Hasan, Michael Ertl","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00347-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00347-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Besides functional outcomes, mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are significant measures in chronic diseases, such as stroke. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is an important complication affecting up to one in three stroke survivors. So far, specific programs to screen, detect and treat these patients are lacking but might be a crucial component in stroke aftercare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between March 2024 and Febuary 2025 all consecutive adult patients with stroke, admitted to the University Hospital of Augsburg, are screened for signs of depression (PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) score of ≥ 10). Eight weeks later, those patients with persisting signs of depression will be randomized to receive either a behavioural activation intervention or a mindfulness-based intervention via telephone. Depressive symptoms will be assessed at baseline (V1), after 84, 180 (V2-V3) and after 365 days (V4) using the PHQ-9 score. Secondary outcomes include the functional outcome, quality of life (EuroQol-5 Dimensions; EQ-5D), overall functioning, and incidence of major cardiovascular events including recurrent transient ischemic attack, stroke, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Perspective: </strong>Our aim is to provide proof-of-concept evidence for the efficacy of telepsychological need-adapted interventions for patients with post-stroke depression. Regular screening for PSD with implementation of a feasible treatment option could reduce the long-term prevalence of PSD and improve quality of life.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 07.03.2024, ID: DRKS00033792. German Clinical Trials Register (drks.de).</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality-guided therapy on a stroke unit: a feasibility study.","authors":"Jordi Kühne Escolà, Rumeysa Demirdas, Martin Schulze, Woon Hyung Chae, Lennart Steffen Milles, Doreen Pommeranz, Marvin Darkwah Oppong, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Martin Köhrmann, Benedikt Frank","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00357-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-024-00357-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>VR (Virtual Reality) has emerged as a recent treatment approach in neurorehabilitation. The feasibility of VR-guided therapy in the acute phase after stroke has not been assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cohort study of consecutive patients with suspected stroke who were admitted to the Essen University Hospital Stroke Unit between March 2022 and May 2022. All patients who had an indication for physical or occupational therapy due to upper extremity sensorimotor, cognitive or perceptual deficits were included and considered for VR-guided treatment. We excluded patients with predominant deficits in lower extremity function, since these could not be targeted with our VR system. A multidimensional approach was used to assess the feasibility of VR-guided therapy, which included characterization of eligible patients, resource utilization as well as treatment acceptance. For this purpose, we analyzed baseline and clinical characteristics, causes for withholding the treatment as well as qualitative and quantitative treatment metrics in patients who received VR-guided therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 326 patients admitted with suspected stroke, n = 172 were included in our final analysis. Of these, n = 37 (21.5%) received VR-guided therapy. The most common cause for withholding treatment were neuropsychological limitations (22.9%), followed by physical impairment, comorbidity and level of consciousness alterations (all 17.8%). Patients who received VR-guided therapy tended to have better functional status and less severe neurological deficits. VR-guided sessions had a median duration of 20 min (IQR 17-29) with additional 13 min (IQR 9-17) of preparation time. In the majority of patients who received VR-guided therapy, motivation was rated equal or higher as compared with conventional treatment (76%) and therapists considered VR-guided therapy well feasible (65%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite important treatment barriers, VR may provide additional opportunities to enhance functional recovery in the acute phase after stroke for selected patients. Our findings could aid in planning further randomized controlled trials which are required to refine approaches and assess the effectiveness of VR-guided therapy in the acute setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemia/reperfusion injury in acute human and experimental stroke: focus on thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms and treatments.","authors":"Guido Stoll, Bernhard Nieswandt, Michael K Schuhmann","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00355-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00355-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite high recanalization rates of > 90% after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) clinical outcome in around 50% of treated acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is still poor. Novel treatments augmenting the beneficial effects of recanalization are eagerly awaited, but this requires mechanistic insights to explain and overcome futile recanalization.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>At least two mechanisms contribute to futile recanalization after cerebral large vessel occlusions (LVO): (i) the no reflow phenomenon as evidenced by randomly distributed areas without return of blood flow despite reperfusion of large cerebral arteries, and (ii) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the paradoxically harmful aspect of blood flow return in transiently ischemic organs. There is accumulating evidence from experimental stroke models that platelets and leukocytes interact and partly obstruct the microvasculature under LVO, and that platelet-driven inflammation (designated thrombo-inflammation) extends into the reperfusion phase and causes I/R injury. Blocking of platelet glycoprotein receptors (GP) Ib and GPVI ameliorated inflammation and I/R injury providing novel therapeutic options. Recently, MRI studies confirmed a significant, up to 40% infarct expansion after recanalization in AIS thereby proofing the existance of I/R injury in the human brain. Moreover, analysis of minute samples of ischemic arterial blood aspirated directly from the pial cerebral collateral circulation under LVO during the routine EVT procedure confirmed platelet activation and platelet-driven leukocyte accumulation in AIS and, thus, the principal transferability of pathophysiological stroke mechanisms from rodents to man. Two recently published clinical phase 1b/2a trials targeted (thrombo-) inflammation in AIS: The ACTIMIS trial targeting platelet GPVI by glenzocimab provided encouraging safety signals in AIS similar to the ApTOLL trial targeting toll-like receptor 4, a central receptor guiding stroke-induced innate immunity. However, both studies were not powered to show clinical efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fact that the significance of I/R injury in AIS has recently been formally established and given the decisive role of platelet-leukocytes interactions herein, new avenues for adjunct stroke treatments emerge. Adjusted study designs to increase the probability of success are of outmost importance and we look forward from what can be learned from the so far unpublished, presumbably negative ACTISAFE and MOST trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor in response to Professor Josef Finsterer.","authors":"Sreelakshmi V, Amrita Pattanaik, Srilatha Marate, Reeta S Mani, Aparna R Pai, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00337-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00337-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MS brain health quality standards: a survey on the reality in clinical practice in Germany.","authors":"Isabel Voigt, Katja Akgün, Hernan Inojosa, Judith Haas, Herbert Temmes, Sven G Meuth, Gavin Giovannoni, Tjalf Ziemssen","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00333-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00333-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The quality of treatment is especially critical in the context of complex and chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Brain Health Initiative, an independent international consortium of neurologists, reached a consensus on time-based quality standards prioritizing brain health-focused care for people with MS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To gain deeper insights into the transferability of these quality standards to a specific area, we conducted a survey among MS experts across various MS centers in Germany.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were asked about time frames considered high standards and those currently being implemented in daily routine based on their experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results reveal a large gap between ideal conceptions and their adaptation in the real world, mostly due to a lack of resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nevertheless, these guidelines and recommendations can be aspired to as ideals. Consensual and inclusive clinical pathways complemented by measurable quality indicators are needed to improve care and approach these ideals. Neither exists in the current management of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya-related Guillain-Barre syndrome is most commonly demyelinating and affects multiple cranial nerves.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00336-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00336-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11571646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases and antibodies in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients.","authors":"Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky, Lisa-Marie Lezius, Thea Thiele, Franz Felix Konen, André Huss, Lena Heitmann, Yunus Emre Güzeloglu, Philipp Schwenkenbecher, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Jelena Skuljec, Mike Peter Wattjes, Torsten Witte, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Refik Pul, Hayrettin Tumani, Stefan Gingele, Thomas Skripuletz","doi":"10.1186/s42466-024-00351-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42466-024-00351-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging due to diverse symptoms and the absence of specific biomarkers. Concurrent autoimmune diseases (AID) or non-specific antibodies further complicate diagnosis, progression monitoring, and management. Data on AID prevalence in MS patients are sparse. This study aims to identify concurrent AIDs alongside MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed patient records at our university hospital from 2010 to 2017, focusing on cases suspected of inflammatory demyelinating disease. The 2017 McDonald criteria were applied. Additionally, we measured neurofilament light (NfL) levels from available CSF samples in our biobank.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 315 patients, of whom 66% were women. In total, 13.7% of all patients had concurrent AID, while 20.3% had isolated antibody findings without AID. The most common AID was autoimmune thyroiditis (8.9%), followed by chronic inflammatory skin diseases (1.6%), arthritis (1%), type 1 diabetes (1%), Sjögren's syndrome (0.6%), and inflammatory bowel diseases (0.6%). Cardiolipin antibodies were the most frequent isolated antibody finding (8.6%). Our data showed that, from the perspective of the initial demyelinating event, neither comorbid AID nor isolated antibodies significantly influenced relapses or MS progression over a median follow-up of 9 months. Standard CSF parameters and NfL levels were similar between the groups at the time of MS diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows that AIDs, particularly autoimmune thyroiditis, frequently occur at the onset of MS. The proportion of AIDs commonly treated with immunomodulatory therapy in our cohort was similar to that observed in the general population. Comorbid AID did not affect NfL levels, indicating similar disease activity. Future research should explore new AID emergence during the course of MS, especially considering the increased incidence of rheumatic diseases later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":94156,"journal":{"name":"Neurological research and practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}