Neonatology最新文献

{"title":"Rationale and Approach to Evaluating Interventions for Newborn Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Leila Harrison, Tyler Vaivada, Rahima Yasin, Jai K Das, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000542754","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time in a child's life, contributing to almost half of all deaths in children under 5 years. Many of these deaths are preventable and are mainly caused by preterm birth, birth asphyxia, or serious infections. Over the past decade, the evidence base for interventions to prevent and manage these causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has expanded significantly. This growth calls for a comprehensive and systematic approach to synthesizing the available evidence. This paper describes the methodological approach taken before and during the conduct of the systematic overviews and reviews described in the online supplementary material (for all online suppl. material, see <ext-link ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542754\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://doi.org/10.1159/000542754</ext-link>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Alongside consultation with a newborn technical advisory group, the overall evidence synthesis approach began with an extensive literature-scoping exercise to establish a universe of interventions that were relevant to neonatal health and survival and to identify the associated systematic reviews examining their effectiveness. Three main approaches were taken to synthesize the evidence based on the availability of prior evidence. New systematic reviews were conducted for topics lacking an existing comprehensive synthesis. Existing systematic reviews with search dates prior to 2020 were updated. High-quality, up-to-date systematic reviews were used without modification. In all cases, trial data from studies conducted in LMICs were sought and prioritized for analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A comprehensive approach to summarizing the best available evidence for newborn intervention effectiveness is described.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time in a child's life, contributing to almost half of all deaths in children under 5 years. Many of these deaths are preventable and are mainly caused by preterm birth, birth asphyxia, or serious infections. Over the past decade, the evidence base for interventions to prevent and manage these causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has expanded significantly. This growth calls for a comprehensive and systematic approach to synthesizing the available evidence. This paper describes the methodological approach taken before and during the conduct of the systematic overviews and reviews described in the online supplementary material (for all online suppl. material, see <ext-link ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"https://doi.org/10.1159/000542754\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://doi.org/10.1159/000542754</ext-link>).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Alongside consultation with a newborn technical advisory group, the ov","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs, Implementation, and Scale-Up in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Davneet Sihota, Rachel Lee Him, Georgia Dominguez, Leila Harrison, Tyler Vaivada, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000542539","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To describe recent evidence regarding the most effective neonatal resuscitation training program and scale-up of these programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which has contributed to the upcoming Lancet Global Newborn Care Series 2025, and forms part of a supplement describing an extensive synthesis on effective newborn interventions in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included relevant studies from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus databases on the effectiveness and scale-up of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs (NRTP), with searches run August 2022. Data extraction and quality assessments were completed independently and in duplicate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 93 unique records met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses across the reviews. NRTPs improved most knowledge and skill-based outcomes but impact on mortality varied. Included studies identified knowledge and skill retention, standardized training protocols, and limited training opportunities for health care providers as challenges to current NRTPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reported knowledge, skills, and mortality outcomes were similar across NRTPs. The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) program was found to be cost-effective in Tanzania, suggesting that the HBB program or elements thereof are low-cost and scalable in LMICs. Future research across diverse settings should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of other NRTPs. To scale-up current NRTPs, programs should focus on improving long-term retention outcomes and improving training material accessibility.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To describe recent evidence regarding the most effective neonatal resuscitation training program and scale-up of these programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which has contributed to the upcoming Lancet Global Newborn Care Series 2025, and forms part of a supplement describing an extensive synthesis on effective newborn interventions in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included relevant studies from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL and Global Index Medicus databases on the effectiveness and scale-up of Neonatal Resuscitation Training Programs (NRTP), with searches run August 2022. Data extraction and quality assessments were completed independently and in duplicate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 93 unique records met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analyses across the reviews. NRTPs improved most knowledge and skill-based outcomes but impact on mortality varied. Included studies identified knowledge and skill retention, standardized training protocols, and limited training opportunities for health care providers as challenges to current NRTPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reported knowledge, skills, and mortality outcomes were similar across NRTPs. The Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) program was foun","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"52-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent Hypoxemia and Neurodevelopmental Impairment at 12 and 24 Months in Preterm Infants.","authors":"Juliann M Di Fiore, Deanne Wilson-Costello, Zhengyi Chen, Nori M Minich, Richard J Martin, Anna Maria Hibbs","doi":"10.1159/000544925","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal studies have shown a relationship between intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and long-term sequelae although definitions of IH have varied. Employing multiple thresholds of IH and a wider gestational aged cohort of preterm infants, we hypothesized that increased IH exposure during the first month of life was associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 12 and 24 months corrected age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IH (<80% or <90%) were documented from day of life 8 to 28 (n = 175 infants <31 weeks gestation). Referral for NDI was identified (Ages and Stages Questionnaire, ASQ-3) at 12- and 24-month corrected age (>2 SD below the mean for gross motor, communication, fine motor, problem solving, and/or personal-social skills).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unadjusted models revealed a significant association between increased IH and scores in referral range for gross motor, and communication skills (12 months) and gross motor, communication, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills (24 months). In adjusted models, a greater % time <90% and referral scores for communication skills (p = 0.0158) at 12 months remained significant. Subgroup analyses revealed an association between greater % time <80% (12 months, p = 0.0311) and longer IH duration <90% (24 months, p = 0.0374) and scores in referral range for any domain in infants ≥29 weeks gestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a limited relationship between IH and ASQ-3 scores in referral range for NDI with an association between IH and ASQ-3 referral at 12 and 24 months in infants ≥29 weeks gestation suggesting IH may be a risk factor for NDI in older infants with less competing morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"388-397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Tool to Assess Patient-Ventilator Synchrony in Preterm Infants Receiving Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study.","authors":"Francesco Cresi, Elena Maggiora, Carlotta Rubino, Mattia Ferroglio, Elena Ruzzante, Enrico Piga, Isaac Giraudo, Marco Limone, Gianluca Terrin, Alessandra Coscia","doi":"10.1159/000543413","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nasal synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nSIPPV) is an effective non-invasive ventilation technique, especially for preterm infants. Patient-ventilator synchrony is essential for providing effective respiratory support; however, no automated system is currently available for monitoring this parameter. A new tool for automatic assessment of patient-ventilator synchrony, the SyncNIV system, was developed and applied in this pilot study to evaluate differences between nSIPPV and non-synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) in preterm infants with respiratory distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved designing a custom algorithm for signal analysis. Data were collected through a polygraph that could simultaneously gather respiratory data from the patients and the ventilator. Patient-ventilator synchrony was evaluated by applying the SyncNIV system in a randomized crossover study designed to compare nSIPPV and nIPPV. The primary outcome was the mean instant Synchrony Index (i-SI), defined as the portion of the inspiration effort sustained by ventilator inflation, expressed as a percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen infants with a median (IQR) gestational age of 28.6 (25.6-30.3) were enrolled. We analyzed 43,304 ventilator inflations and 50,221 patient breaths. The i-SI was 54.69% (44.49-60.09) in nSIPPV and 39.54% (33.40-48.75) in nIPPV, p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SyncNIV system confirmed better i-SI during nSIPPV than during nIPPV, demonstrating its effectiveness in assessing the differences between these two modes of non-invasive ventilation in preterm infants. The SyncNIV system could be a useful tool for optimizing the ventilation parameters and improving the effectiveness and comfort of respiratory support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillatory Blood Pressure Values in Newborn Infants: Observational Data Over Gestational Ages.","authors":"Noah H Hillman, Howard L Williams, Rebecca Y Petersen","doi":"10.1159/000542375","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Normative blood pressure (BP) values on preterm infants exist but are based on small cohorts of infants. Utilizing electronic medical records (EMR), we can explore earlier gestational ages (GA) and follow their progression to 40 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of infants within the SSM Health System from July 1, 2013 through June 30, 2023. Infants born at >22 0/7 weeks but <41 weeks GA were included if any BP measurements existed (n = 29,323 infants, 1.4 million BPs). Data were extracted electronically from EMR using Microsoft SQL. Systolic BP (SBP), mean arterial pressures (MAP), and diastolic BP (DBP) were determined for each week of life from birth and percentile ranges (1st to 99th) for infants alive at CGA, and BP patterns for GA determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentiles for SBP, DBP, and MAP are provided. There is a rapid increase in BP at all gestations during the first 2 weeks, thus BP values are higher at any CGA in infants born at an earlier GA than infants born at that GA. For MAP values between the 5th and 10th percentile, the GA is appropriate for first week and then use CGA + 5 mm Hg. After the first week, 2.8 X CGA is between 90 and 95 percentile for SBP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BP is dependent on the GA at birth and the CGA when it is measured. SBP, MAP, and DBP all increase rapidly in the 2 weeks of life prior to a gradual increase over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"138-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POCUS for Vascular Access in Neonatology Is Here to Stay.","authors":"Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena, Ignacio Oulego-Erroz","doi":"10.1159/000546404","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"632-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion Practices in 12 Neonatal Networks: Are We Closer to Adopting a Restrictive Transfusion Approach?","authors":"Gil Klinger, Kjell Helenius, Maximo Vento, Satoshi Kusuda, Mikael Norman, Renato Soibelman Procianoy, Neha Goswami, Valerie Biran, Dirk Bassler, Brian Reichman, Aleksandra Skubisz, Malcolm Battin, Liisa Lehtonen, Kei Lui, Annalisa Mori, Marc Beltempo, Mark Adams, Laura San Feliciano, Tetsuya Isayama, Prakesh S Shah","doi":"10.1159/000546612","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Recent evidence suggests a restrictive approach toward blood transfusions for management of preterm infants. Objective was to survey blood transfusion practises in preterm neonates <29 weeks' gestation among 12 population-based neonatal networks participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes in Neonates (iNeo).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey based on 2023 practices was sent to 608 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs): Australia/New Zealand (30), Brazil (20), Canada (32), Finland (5), France (70), Israel (26), Japan (292), Poland (56), Spain (55), Sweden (9), Switzerland (9), and Tuscany, Italy (4). Transfusion thresholds in 4 different scenarios were surveyed: (a) infants invasively ventilated within first 7 postnatal days, (b) infants invasively ventilated after 7 days, (c) stable infants on noninvasive respiratory support, and (d) stable infants requiring no respiratory support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 382 NICUs (63%) responded. Transfusion practices varied within networks and between countries. For invasively ventilated infants, the transfusion threshold during first 7 days after birth was a hematocrit <underline>≤</underline>35% in 79% of NICUs, and at an age ≥8 days, the transfusion threshold was a hematocrit <underline>≤</underline>30% in 68% of NICUs. For stable infants on noninvasive ventilation, the transfusion threshold was a hematocrit <underline>≤</underline>30% in 80%, and in those without respiratory support, the transfusion threshold was a hematocrit of <underline>≤</underline>25% in 68% of NICUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variations exist in blood transfusion practises between countries and within networks. A restrictive transfusion approach based on recent recommendations has been adopted by more than two-thirds of NICUs. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether practices align with intentions and how they impact outcomes. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"561-569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Vein Cannulation in Neonates: Is Skin Transillumination the Way Forward?","authors":"Anish Pillai, Sanju Sidaraddi, Amit Padmakar Ghawade, Prashant Moralwar","doi":"10.1159/000540575","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"126-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygenation of Immature Infants in the Delivery Room and Beyond: A Quest for Future Research.","authors":"Ola Didrik Saugstad, Christian P Speer, Maximo Vento","doi":"10.1159/000543208","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermediate vs. High Oxygen Saturation Targets in Preterm Infants: A National Cohort Study.","authors":"Richard S Taylor, Balpreet Singh, Amit Mukerji, Jon Dorling, Ruben Alvaro, Abhay Lodha, Walid El-Naggar, Eugene W Yoon, Prakesh S Shah","doi":"10.1159/000540278","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540278","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Optimal oxygen saturation targets remain unknown for extremely preterm infants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Cohort analysis of eligible preterm infants born &lt;29 weeks' gestation admitted between 2011 and 2018 to centers submitting data to the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database. Site questionnaires to determine saturation targets, alarm settings, and date of change, allowed assignation of centers to intermediate (88-93%) or high (90-95%) saturation targets. A 6-month washout period was applied to sites which switched targets during the study period. Our primary outcome was survival free of major morbidity. Secondary outcomes were death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), treated retinopathy of prematurity, and evidence of brain injury during admission. Generalized estimating equations were applied to compensate for demographic differences and site practices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There were 2,739 infants in the high (mean gestational age [GA] 26 ± 1.6 weeks) and 6,813 infants in the intermediate (mean GA 26.2 ± 1.6 weeks) saturation target group. Survival without morbidity was higher in the intermediate target group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.59; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.45). There was no difference in mortality between groups (aOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.11), in NEC, treated retinopathy, or brain injury. On subgroup analysis, restricting data to sites which switched targets during the study, intermediate saturation targets were associated with lower rates of BPD (aOR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.72).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;For neonates &lt;29 weeks' gestation, intermediate saturation target was associated with higher odds of survival without major morbidity compared to higher oxygen saturation target.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Optimal oxygen saturation targets remain unknown for extremely preterm infants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Cohort analysis of eligible preterm infants born &lt;29 weeks' gestation admitted between 2011 and 2018 to centers submitting data to the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database. Site questionnaires to determine saturation targets, alarm settings, and date of change, allowed assignation of centers to intermediate (88-93%) or high (90-95%) saturation targets. A 6-month washout period was applied to sites which switched targets during the study period. Our primary outcome was survival free of major morbidity. Secondary outcomes were death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), treated retinopathy of prematurity, and evidence of brain injury during admission. Generalized estimating equations were applied to compensate for demographic differences and site practices.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There were 2,739 infants in the high (mean gestational age [GA] 26 ± 1.6 weeks) and 6,813 infants in the intermediate (mean GA 26.2 ± 1.6 weeks) saturation target group. Survival without morbidity was higher i","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}