Neonatology最新文献

{"title":"Early postnatal blood pressure and intraventricular haemorrhage in very and extremely preterm neonates: a matched case-control study.","authors":"Daniel Pfurtscheller, Carina Tripolt, Nariae Baik-Schneditz, Lukas Peter Mileder, Nina Hoeller, Melina Winkler, Ena Suppan, Bernhard Schwaberger, Gerhard Pichler","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Immediate postnatal transition is a vulnerable phase, especially in preterm neonates. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) modulates cerebral perfusion and may contribute to intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) when autoregulation is impaired. Evidence for its role during transition remains limited. We investigated associations between ABP and IVH. Methods We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study at the Medical University of Graz including neonates born < 32 weeks' gestation between 2009 and 2025. Cases with IVH grade ≥ II during the first week of life and an oscillometric ABP measurement at 15 minutes after birth were matched 1:1 to controls without IVH by gestational age (±3 days), birth weight (±70 g), sex, and cord clamping strategy. Systolic, mean, and diastolic ABP (SABP, MABP, DABP) were compared using paired analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed according to infection status and physiological-based cord clamping (PBCC). Results Forty-four neonates with IVH grade ≥II (median GA 25 weeks; BW 755 g) were matched to 44 controls. Baseline characteristics were similar. At 15 minutes after birth, IVH cases had lower SABP, MABP, and DABP (Holm-adjusted p=0.018, 0.012, 0.018, respectively), consistently below the 10th percentile. Infection occurred only among IVH cases. The association remained consistent across infection-stratified analyses, but no significant difference was detected in the exploratory PBCC subgroup. Conclusion Reduced ABP at 15 minutes after birth is strongly associated with IVH ≥ grade II. Values below the 10th percentile may indicate circulatory compromise. Early ABP assessment may improve risk stratification and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the article \"Suárez-Casillas P, Mejías-Trueba M, Peñalva G, Fontán-Díaz F, Villanueva-Bueno C, Herrera-Hidalgo L, Varela-Rubio E, Jiménez-Parrilla F, Cisneros JM, Gil-Navarro MV, Guisado-Gil AB. Antimicrobial Use Monitoring in Neonatal Population Using a Defined Daily Doses Method. Neonatology. 2026;123(1):64-73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000548869\" the authors identified a mathematical error in the calculation of antimicrobial consumption data reported in the Results section (\"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Consumption\"). Specifically, the conversion factors used to transform adult defined daily doses (DDD) into neonatal defined daily doses (DDDn) were incorrectly applied as multiplication instead of division.This error occurred during the data processing stage when applying the conversion methodology, resulting in systematically incorrect numerical values in the manuscript, Table 1 and 2, and Figures 1 and 2. The corrected values are now highlighted in yellow in the revised manuscript.Table 1.DDDn values assessment based on the established criteriaAntimicrobialsTheoretical DDDn1DDDn actual prescriptions2Individual differences between DDDn values3DDDn selection criteria4DDDn value, g/dayvalue, g/daydegree of consensusNmedian, g/day95% CImedian, g/day95% CIpower &gt;80%relative difference value5 (&gt;10%)statistical significance (p &lt; 0.01)degree of agreement (&gt;75%)Azithromycin IV60.0310010.06---NA-NAYes0.03Cefepime IV60.2762.5580.270.20 to 0.340-0.07 to 0.08NoNoNoNo0.27(76%)(0%)(0.858)Ceftriaxone IV60.1310020.13---NA-NAYes0.13Piperacillin- tazobactam IV0.5466.71300.300.27 to 0.450.240.14 to 0.27Yes (98%)Yes (44%)Yes (&lt;0.001)No0.30Tobramycin IV60.0188.910.01---NA-NAYes0.01Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid VO60.0855.6440.080.04 to 0.200-0.04 to 0.03NoNoNoNo0.08(64%)(0%)(0.054)Azithromycin VO60.0310010.04---NA-NAYes0.03Cefixime VO60.0210050.03---NA-NAYes0.02Fluconazole VO60.0288.920.03---NA-NAYes0.02Linezolid VO60.0810010.02---NA-NAYes0.08DDDn, Defined Daily Doses for neonatal population; CI, confidence intervals; IV, intravenous; VO, oral.1Theoretical DDDn: DDDs agreed upon by a panel of expert. The results of the expert panel are published in Villanueva-Bueno et al. [11, 12].2DDDn actual prescriptions: DDDs obtained from actual prescriptions. N: number of actual prescriptions obtained in the present study combined with the data from Villanueva-Bueno et al. [11]3Individual differences between DDDn values: difference between the theoretical DDDn and the DDDn obtained from actual prescriptions.4DDDn Selection Criteria: established criteria to select DDDn values (online suppl. Table S2).5Relative difference (%): difference between the theoretical DDDn and the DDDn obtained from actual prescriptions, expressed as the absolute value of the percentage.6Antimicrobials with insufficient potency; the DDDn values were estimated based on expert consensus due to a lack of empirical data. They should therefore be approached with caution.Table 2.Antimicrobial consumptio","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on \"NeoCardioLab: A Digital Platform for Neonatal Hemodynamics Education\".","authors":"Eugene M Dempsey, Iyshwarya Stapleton","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag011","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host and bacterial determinants associated with vertical transmission of Escherichia coli: a cohort study.","authors":"Dongmiao Zhang, Ruiqi Xiao, Peicen Zou, Jiacheng Li, Yiying Yang, Meijun Guo, Xiao Liang, Yajuan Wang","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vertical transmission of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important pathway for neonatal colonization and infection, yet the bacterial genetic determinants underlying transmission remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study, 1611 pregnant women underwent rectovaginal screening at 35-37 gestation weeks and subsequently delivered at the same hospital between 2015 and 2017. Vertical transmission was defined as paired maternal-neonatal culture positivity for E. coli. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on maternal-neonatal paired isolates. Clinical risk factors and transmission-associated virulence genes were evaluated, and a virulence factor score (VFscore) was developed using LASSO regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 224 maternal-neonatal paired E. coli isolates were analyzed, including 91 transmission and 133 non-transmission cases. Maternal age and duration of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were independently associated with vertical transmission. A VFscore derived from 13 virulence-associated genes was significantly higher among transmission isolates and remained independently associated with transmission after adjustment for clinical covariates. Mediation analyses demonstrated an asymmetric relationship between PROM and VFscore, with 41.5% of the effect of PROM on transmission mediated through VFscore, whereas only 13.8% of the VFscore effect was mediated through PROM. A combined model incorporating clinical factors and VFscore showed excellent discrimination for transmission (AUC 0.903, 95% CI 0.866-0.940).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both host and bacterial determinants contribute to maternal-neonatal transmission of E. coli. A cumulative virulence burden quantified by VFscore was independently associated with transmission and provided complementary information beyond established clinical risk factors, highlighting the importance of host-pathogen interactions in vertical transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149121385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstacles to overcome when performing pan-European multicentre studies in extremely preterm infants: results of a survey among researchers of the Pulmonary Research Consortium of ESPR.","authors":"Harald Ehrhardt, Birte Staude, Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena, Anna Lavizzari, Gianluca Lista, Daniele De Luca, Kajsa Bohlin, Claus Klingenberg, Roland Hentschel, Ulrich Thome, Hanna Soukka, Tomasz Szczapa, Jan Mazela, Manuela Camelia Cucerea, Gabriel Dimitriou, Gustavo Rocha, Rasa Tameliene, Boris Filipovic-Grcic, Andrea Calkovska, Christian Heiring, Pernille Pedersen, Sven M Schulzke, Merih Cetinkaya, Colm Patrick Finbarr O Apos Donnell, Richard Plavka, Bernard Barzilay, Tobias Werther, Martin Wald, Olivier Danhaive, Charles Roehr, Theodore Dassios, Anton H van Kaam, Richard Sindelar","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical studies around the world showed large variations in the management and outcomes of extremely preterm infants (EPI) delivered <28 weeks´ gestation. Differences in ethical and legal requirements for conducting clinical research impede patient data collection from different countries. This pre-inquiry aimed to investigate the obstacles for successfully executing a multicentre study in EPI across European tertiary neonatal units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between June and September 2025, we sent out a questionnaire on care structures and management of EPI and ethical requirements for conducting an observational study to the previously identified national representatives of all 24 European countries within the European Society for Paediatric Research Pulmonary Research Consortium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our survey found wide variations in care structures across European countries which were reflected by different inter-hospital transfer strategies before discharge, differences in data accessibility and follow-up data availability. We observed varying use of outcome definitions, discrepancies in their execution and availability of underlying physiological measures limiting the reliability on retrospective data. Differences in ethical requirements present further issues for successfully performing multicentre studies in Europe.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the obstacles researchers are faced with when planning multicentre studies involving EPI across Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Variations in the Use of Antimicrobials and Management of Sepsis: A Survey of 382 Neonatal Units in 12 Countries.","authors":"Joanna Seliga-Siwecka, Justyna Romańska, Kei Lui, Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata, Laura San Feliciano, Liisa Lehtonen, Kjell Helenius, Maximo Vento, Dirk Bassler, Satoshi Kusuda, Valerie Biran, Gil Klinger, Tetsuya Isayama, Monia Puglia, Malcolm Battin, Mikael Norman, Lars Naver, Mark Adams, Brian Reichman, Marc Beltempo, Prakesh S Shah","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag014","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antimicrobial exposure is nearly universal among very preterm infants, yet evidence to guide optimal treatment duration and sepsis management remains limited. Unnecessary prolonged antimicrobial use may contribute to adverse outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to characterize international practices in the management of culture-proven infections in infants born <29 weeks' gestation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study surveyed neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across 12 networks within the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates. A pre-piloted online questionnaire captured unit-level practices regarding treatment duration for culture-proven infections, antifungal prophylaxis, blood culture collection, and central line management. Responses were analyzed descriptively at the network and unit levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 608 eligible NICUs in this study, 382 (62.8%) responded. A 7-day treatment duration was most commonly reported for Gram-positive sepsis (45.2% of NICUs), whereas 14 days was most commonly reported for Gram-negative sepsis (44.4%). Treatment durations were longer for concurrent meningitis: 57% of units reported 14 days for Gram-positive meningitis and 69.2% reported 21 days for Gram-negative meningitis. Antifungal prophylaxis was reported by 62.1% of units. Most NICUs (79.7%) routinely obtained blood cultures from a single sterile site. Overall, 75.7% of units reported central line removal for Gram-negative sepsis and 57.3% for Gram-positive sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reported antimicrobial duration and sepsis management practices for very preterm infants varied across neonatal units and international networks. These findings underscore persistent uncertainty and the urgent need for high-quality evidence to inform standardized, evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Birth Weight is Not Confounded by Ambient Air Pollution in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Marij Gielen, Esmée Bijnens, Eline Meireson, Steven Weyers, Catherine Derom, Tim Nawrot, Maurice P Zeegers","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag016","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examines the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with birth weight and gestational age in a population-based twin cohort, adjusting for ambient PM₁₀ and NO₂ exposure. By accounting for placentation, we aim to disentangle the independent and combined effects of socioeconomic and environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neighborhood SES was defined using maternal residence at birth and statistical sectors (average area: 1.55 km2) to define annual median neighborhood household income. PM₁₀ and NO₂ exposure was estimated using a spatial-temporal interpolation method (Kriging) integrating daily monitoring data and land cover data. Analyses were stratified by placentation: one placental mass or two separate placentas. Multivariable linear mixed models were conducted for birth weight as outcome, linear regression models for gestational age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For twins with two separate placentas, per EUR 3,000 (∼1 SD) increase in median neighborhood household income, birth weight increased with 46.83 grams. Adjustment for PM₁₀ and NO₂ did not change the associations. A part of these associations was explained by gestational age, as the association was reduced to 21.92 grams per EUR 3,000 increase. Each EUR 3,000 increase in annual median neighborhood household income corresponded to a longer gestation of 26 h, independent of ambient air pollution or other covariates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although neighborhood SES and ambient air pollution are correlated with birth outcomes, they act through different paths in this twin cohort. This approach provides insights into the etiology of adverse birth outcomes in a high-risk population, even in high-income settings with universal healthcare access.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Urban Maternal and Newborn Trap: Rethinking Maternal and Newborn Health in Urban Africa.","authors":"Giovanni Putoto, Lassina Cissé, Amani Pokou Rebecca N Apos Guessan Kouame, Aya Georgette N'Goran Koffi, Paolo Ernesto Villani, Eugenio Baraldi, Liviana Da Dalt, Giulia Merendi, Dante Carraro, Daniele Trevisanuto","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Counselling in Imminent Premature Birth: The Chatbot as Expert And Friend? A Pilot Study.","authors":"Lena Sophie Olivier, Jana-Katharina Dieks, Sarina Dreher, Rangmar Goelz, Thomas Hoehn, Britta M Hüning, Matthias C Hütten, Hendrik Niemarkt, Dominique Singer, Dirk Wackernagel, Thorsten Orlikowsky, Mark Schoberer, Janna-Lina Kerth","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical counselling and shared decision-making in emotionally demanding situations, such as prenatal counselling at the limits of viability, requires clear, empathetic, and context-sensitive communication. Increasingly, patients and families seek medical information from artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools such as ChatGPT. This study evaluated the potential role and limitations of ChatGPT in prenatal counselling for imminent extremely preterm birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ChatGPT-generated responses to prenatal counselling prompts were evaluated by a group of neonatologists. The responses were rated across predefined domains, including medical accuracy and empathy. In addition, qualitative assessments were performed to identify recurring strengths, limitations, and clinically relevant concerns in the generated responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT provided structured and generally understandable information with high ratings for empathy. However, important limitations were identified regarding nuance, contextual sensitivity, and the explicit communication that treatment decisions should be made jointly by parents and the attending medical team. Responses occasionally lacked sufficient emphasis on individualised counselling and the complexity of ethically challenging clinical situations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AI-based tools may become increasingly relevant as supplementary information sources in medical counselling. At the same time, they introduce new challenges and perspectives for clinicians in maintaining trust, shared decision-making, and therapeutic relationships in the context of diverse and potentially conflicting information sources. Proactive engagement with AI-assisted communication may therefore become an important aspect of future counselling practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Values and Preferences of Preterm Infants' Health Outcomes from the Perspective of Parents, Healthcare Providers, and Children or Adults Born Preterm: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Martin Ringsten, Kenneth Färnqvist, Vera Wachtmeister, Katarzyna Wróblewska-Seniuk, Matteo Bruschettini, María Ximena Rojas-Reyes, Isolde Sommer","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag012","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying values and preferences regarding health outcomes for preterm infants is a key aspect of informing clinical decision-making and guideline development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for quantitative and qualitative studies conducted among parents, healthcare professionals, and individuals born preterm, assessing the values regarding mortality, clinical outcomes, and long-term disabilities. Screening, data extraction, critical appraisal, and certainty of evidence assessments were performed in duplicate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 24 studies, 16 quantitative and 8 qualitative, including 4,613 participants. Very low certainty evidence suggests that survival is the most valued outcome for parents and individuals born preterm. In contrast healthcare professionals assigned a lower value to survival when it was associated with the risk of disability and poor quality of life. Very severe disability, especially cognitive impairment, was considered less desirable than survival across all groups, but with variation within each group. Very low certainty evidence indicates that among healthcare professionals, intraventricular hemorrhage is the most severe and undesirable condition in the short term, together with suffering and pain. Evidence is very uncertain regarding how values on the same outcomes differ among families, individuals, professionals, and clinical contexts. Some outcome preferences may change over time, both in relative importance and across different stages of a child's development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings can inform clinical decision-making, guideline development, and health professional education related to values and variability of outcomes. However, the uncertainty and variability between and within interest-holder groups should be considered. Future research should use validated measurements and enroll key interest-holders to improve the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}