Neonatology最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal Outcomes of the Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation versus Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Method: A National Cohort Study in Korea.","authors":"Hannah Cho, Juyoung Lee","doi":"10.1159/000547607","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to compare the outcomes of intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included preterm infants born in South Korea at <32 weeks' gestation and registered in the Korean Neonatal Network database between January 2019 and December 2022. We analyzed and compared the ventilator support duration, mortality, and major morbidities before discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit treated with INSURE and LISA methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,112 infants who received surfactants via INSURE (n = 627) or LISA (n = 485) were included. No significant intergroup differences were observed in the duration of invasive ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage, or mortality. However, infants in the LISA group had a lower risk of severe BPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.514; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.346-0.763; p = 0.001), severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.586; 95% CI, 0.402-0.854; p = 0.005), massive pulmonary hemorrhage (aOR, 0.314; 95% CI, 0.122-0.807; p = 0.014), patent ductus arteriosus (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.497-0.902; p = 0.008), and culture-proven sepsis (aOR, 0.607; 95% CI, 0.411-0.896; p = 0.012) than did those in the INSURE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although LISA did not demonstrate a reduction in either the requirement for respiratory support or its duration compared to INSURE, it was associated with a decrease in severe BPD. These results imply that LISA provides substantial advantages for mitigating severe forms of neonatal morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Thymic Hemorrhage Secondary to Vitamin K Deficiency: A Case Report.","authors":"Nicole Asdell, Cecilie Halling, Susan M Lopata, Sheria D Wilson, Shamlal Mangray, Zachary J Farmer","doi":"10.1159/000547451","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in newborns is a preventable yet serious condition. Maternal malabsorption, such as in Crohn's disease, may impair transplacental vitamin K transfer, increasing neonatal coagulopathy risk.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 32-year-old woman with Crohn's disease and prior bowel resections delivered at 35+3 weeks due to preeclampsia and fetal distress. Her infant developed severe coagulopathy and a hemorrhagic thymic mass. Laboratory results showed elevated INR and PIVKA-II, which improved with vitamin K and plasma. The mother experienced postpartum hemorrhage and coagulopathy, requiring transfusions, embolization, and vitamin K. Both recovered with treatment. At 13 months, the infant showed only mild left-hand weakness and normal development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the risk of neonatal VKDB and maternal bleeding due to undiagnosed maternal vitamin K deficiency. Screening and supplementation should be considered in pregnancies affected by malabsorptive disorders like Crohn's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Cerebral and Renal Saturations in Neonates with Congenital Heart Defects: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Carolina Michel Macías, Emmanouil Rampakakis, Marina Mir, Matthew Mazzarello, Shiran Sara Moore, Punnanee Wutthigate, Jessica Simoneau, Daniela Villegas M, Sam D Shemie, Marie Brossard-Racine, Adrian Dancea, Gianluca Bertolizio, Pia Wintermark, Gabriel Altit","doi":"10.1159/000547589","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects. Cerebral (cStO₂) and renal (rStO₂) saturations measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the corresponding fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) during the first week of life in neonates with CHD are described comparing those with and without diastolic steal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center prospective cohort study (Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada) was conducted, including neonates >34 weeks with CHD without chromosomal anomalies. CStO₂/rStO₂ was monitored from enrollment until day 7 of life. FTOE was calculated using systemic saturation (SpO₂) as [SpO₂ - (cStO₂ or rStO₂)]/SpO₂. Daily echocardiography was performed during the monitoring period. Random mixed-effects models were constructed to assess the association between NIRS/FTOE and the presence of retrograde postductal aortic flow on last available echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 49 included neonates, 27 (55%) exhibited retrograde flow in the postductal aorta on the last day of monitoring. Prostaglandin exposure was 100% in the retrograde group vs. 27% in the non-retrograde group. CStO₂/rStO₂ progressively declined in neonates with CHD over the first week of life. Retrograde aortic flow was associated with negative cStO₂ (β = -9.1%, 95% CI [-14.3; -3.8]) and rStO₂ (β = -8.4%, 95% CI [-14.5; -2.3]). Cerebral FTOE was lower in the non-retrograde group, while renal FTOE was similar between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the first week of life, neonates with CHD who displayed retrograde aortic flow exhibited lower cStO₂ and rStO₂ as well as higher cerebral FTOE. Future studies should evaluate whether these markers in neonates with CHD are modifiable factors that could influence cerebral or renal injury when addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Heart Rate Variability with Postnatal Maturation in Preterm Infants.","authors":"Siree Kaempfen, Carlos Sanchez, Edgar Delgado-Eckert, Sven M Schulzke","doi":"10.1159/000547287","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We assessed whether longitudinal measurements of sample entropy (SampEn) of heart rate time series reflect postnatal maturation in preterm infants and evaluated its predictive value at 32 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) for estimating discharge home. We further compared SampEn of preterm infants at discharge with that of term infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective study at the University Children's Hospital Basel, Switzerland, from 2018 to 2022. We included preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation and a control group of term infants. Heart rate was recorded using the clinical monitoring system. We assessed preterm infants at 32 and 36 weeks of PMA, and at discharge, term infants were evaluated between 3 and 28 days of life. SampEn was calculated from 90-min recordings using custom analytical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained valid data from 183/183 preterm infants (mean [range] 28.4 [23.3-31.7] weeks of gestation) and from 80/104 (76%) term infants. In preterm infants, SampEn increased from 32 to 36 weeks of PMA (0.35 vs. 0.40; p < 0.01) without further increase to discharge. SampEn was positively associated with maturation and growth, and negatively with complications of prematurity, particularly with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. SampEn at 32 weeks of PMA did not improve clinical predictions of PMA at discharge. At discharge, SampEn did not differ significantly between preterm and term infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SampEn of heart rate time series increased with postnatal maturation in preterm infants, reaching values of term infants at discharge. It was negatively associated with complications of prematurity but its prognostic value for discharge timing is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144628308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with Plasma Transfusion and Plasma-Derived Human Plasminogen in a Newborn with Plasminogen Deficiency and Recurrent Hydrocephalus: A Case Report.","authors":"Giorgia Iovannitti, Federico Bianchi, Luca Massimi, Paolo Frassanito, Gianpiero Tamburrini","doi":"10.1159/000547201","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Plasminogen deficiency is a congenital autosomal recessive disorder. Ligneous conjunctivitis is pathognomonic for the disease; however, hydrocephalus is a rare complication.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A neonate with prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome was sent to our observation. Surgery was followed by multiple shunt malfunctions in the early postoperative period. An ophthalmological evaluation suggested the diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis. Laboratory tests lead to the diagnosis of a systemic PLGD. The disease caused the formation of multiple membranes, which prevented the proper functioning of the ventricular shunts. We started an alternated treatment with plasma transfusions and plasma-derived human plasminogen. This has allowed the control of the complications related to the treatment of the hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ligneous conjunctivitis was pivotal in the diagnosis of pathology. It is currently difficult to get sufficient doses of plasma-derived human plasminogen for ev administration, considering that it is still not officially authorized in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Preserved Dried Umbilical Cord Polymerase Chain Reaction in Intrauterine Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Yasumasa Tsuda, Takeshi Matsushige, Hirofumi Inoue, Madoka Hoshide, Hiroki Hamano, Keiko Hasegawa, Masako Moriuchi, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Shunji Hasegawa","doi":"10.1159/000540506","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intrauterine herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is uncommon and challenging to diagnose, requiring detection of HSV in skin lesions within 48 h post-birth.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A preterm female infant presented with the typical triad of blisters, microcephaly, and chorioretinitis, but the initial diagnostic approach was elusive due to negative results for TORCH pathogens from vesicles/serum. Referred at 7 months for developmental delay and epilepsy, her brain imaging showed calcification and cortical dysplasia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of her preserved dried umbilical cord detected HSV-2 DNA, diagnosing intrauterine HSV infection. HSV-2 was later found in relapsed blisters at 8 months but not in cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue. A literature review identified 104 congenital/intrauterine HSV cases; 28.8% presented the typical triad, and 50% were diagnosed using specimens collected 48 h post-birth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case marks the first retrospective diagnosis of intrauterine HSV infection via PCR on preserved umbilical cord, underscoring its diagnostic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Ultrasound Tip Location Reduces Malposition and Radiation Exposure during Umbilical Venous Catheter Placement in Neonates: A Retrospective, Observational Study.","authors":"Vito D'Andrea, Giorgia Prontera, Francesco Cota, Alessandro Perri, Rosellina Russo, Giovanni Barone, Giovanni Vento","doi":"10.1159/000538905","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The umbilical venous catheter is a vital access device in neonatal intensive care units for preterm and critically ill infants. Correct positioning is crucial, as malpositioning can lead to severe complications. According to international guidelines, the position of the umbilical venous catheter tip must be assessed in real time; traditionally, the catheter is visualized with a thoracoabdominal X-ray, but one of the most effective and safest methods is therefore real-time ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compares real-time ultrasound and traditional X-ray methods for assessing umbilical venous catheter tip location in 461 cases. The rate of tip malposition was analyzed retrospectively. The secondary aim was to assess indwelling time of umbilical venous catheters and reasons of removal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Real-time ultrasound tip location, found to be more reliable and efficient, demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of primary malpositioning compared to X-ray assessments (9.6 vs. 75.9%). The study also highlighted the association of real-time ultrasound with reduced catheter manipulation, fewer radiographs, and higher indwelling times of umbilical venous catheter. The multiple logistic regression showed a high probability of the central safe position of the umbilical venous catheter tip using real-time ultrasound tip location (odds ratio 29.5, 95% confidence interval: 17.4-49.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings support the adoption of real-time ultrasound in clinical settings to enhance umbilical venous catheter placement accuracy and minimize associated risks. A minimal training investment is needed to attain the proficiency to visualize the umbilical venous catheters, offering a substantial advantage in terms of both cost-effectiveness for the procedure and enhanced patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Härtel et al.: \"Less Invasive Surfactant Administration for Preterm Infants - State of the Art\".","authors":"Christian A Maiwald, Christian F Poets, Axel R Franz","doi":"10.1159/000542538","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cerebral Oximetry-Guided Treatment on Brain Injury in Preterm Infants as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Term Equivalent Age: An Ancillary SafeBoosC-III Study.","authors":"Miguel Alsina-Casanova, Mathias Lühr-Hansen, Victoria Aldecoa-Bilbao, Ruth Del Rio, Pierre Maton, Kosmas Sarafidis, Pamela Zafra-Rodriguez, Zachary Andrew Vesoulis, Emmanuele Mastretta, Ilia Bresesti, Marta Gomez-Chiari, Mónica Rebollo, Jamil Khamis, Angelos Baltatzidis, Isabel Benavente-Fernandez, Joshua Shimony, Giovanni Morana, Massimo Agosti, Nuria Carreras, Adriana Cuaresma, Ambre Gau, Athanasia Anastasiou, Simón Pedro Lubian-López, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Paola Sciortino, Francesca Dessimone, Markus Harboe Olsen, Thais Agut, Gorm Greisen","doi":"10.1159/000539175","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The SafeBoosC-III trial investigated the effect of cerebral oximetry-guided treatment in the first 72 h after birth on mortality and severe brain injury diagnosed by cranial ultrasound in extremely preterm infants (EPIs). This ancillary study evaluated the effect of cerebral oximetry on global brain injury as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term equivalent age (TEA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI scans were obtained between 36 and 44.9 weeks PMA. The Kidokoro score was independently evaluated by two blinded assessors. The intervention effect was assessed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test for median difference and 95% Hodges-Lehmann (HL) confidence intervals (CIs). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the agreement between the assessors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 210 patients from 8 centers were included, of whom 121 underwent MRI at TEA (75.6% of alive patients): 57 in the cerebral oximetry group and 64 in the usual care group. There was an excellent correlation between the assessors for the Kidokoro score (ICC agreement: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). The results showed no significant differences between the cerebral oximetry group (median 2, interquartile range [IQR]: 1-4) and the usual care group (median 3, IQR: 1-4; median difference -1 to 0, 95% HLCI: -1 to 0; p value 0.1196).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In EPI, the use of cerebral oximetry-guided treatment did not lead to significant alterations in brain injury, as determined by MRI at TEA. The strong correlation between the assessors highlights the potential of the Kidokoro score in multicenter trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Management of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants in Low- and Low Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Maha Azhar, Rahima Yasin, Sawera Hanif, Sharib Afzal Bughio, Jai K Das, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000542154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542154","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality compared with their term counterparts, with more than 20 million LBW infants born each year, the majority in lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the increased vulnerability and higher nutritional needs of these infants, optimizing feeding strategies may play a crucial role in improving their health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We updated evidence of Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by identifying relevant systematic reviews, extracting low-income country (LIC) and LMIC data, and conducting revised meta-analysis for these contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We found 15 reviews; the evidence showed that early initiation of enteral feeding reduced neonatal mortality overall, but not in LIC/LMIC settings. Breastfeeding promotion interventions increased the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months of age in LMIC settings. There was an increased risk of neonatal mortality with formula milk in LIC/LMIC settings. Despite contributing to greater weight gain, there was a higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis with formula milk overall. Breast milk fortification and nutrient-enriched formula improved growth outcomes. Iron and vitamin A supplementation reduced anemia and mortality rates (LMIC), respectively. The evidence also suggested that benefits of various different micronutrient supplementation interventions such as zinc, calcium/phosphorous, and vitamin D, outweigh the risks since our review demonstrates little to no adverse effects deriving from their supplementation, particularly for a breastfed preterm and/or LBW infant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Early adequate nutritional support of preterm or LBW infant is paramount to averse adverse health outcomes, contribute to normal growth, resistance to infection, and optimal development. Breast milk feeding and micronutrient supplementation are crucial to reduce diarrhea incidence and mortality respectively while feed fortification or nutrient-enriched formula, when breast milk is not available, to enhance better growth especially in LMICs where there is higher population of growth restriction and stunting. This review also highlights need for randomized trials in LMICs at large scale to further strengthen the evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality compared with their term counterparts, with more than 20 million LBW infants born each year, the majority in lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the increased vulnerability and higher nutritional needs of these infants, optimizing feeding strategies may play a crucial role in improving their health outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We updated evidence of Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by ident","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"209-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}