NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-09-29DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag014
Joanna Seliga-Siwecka, Justyna Romańska, Kei Lui, Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata, Laura San Feliciano, Liisa Lehtonen, Kjell Helenius, Maximo Vento, Dirk Bassler, Satoshi Kusuda, Valerie Biran, Gil Klinger, Tetsuya Isayama, Monia Puglia, Malcolm Battin, Mikael Norman, Lars Naver, Mark Adams, Brian Reichman, Marc Beltempo, Prakesh S Shah
{"title":"International Variations in the Use of Antimicrobials and Management of Sepsis: A Survey of 382 Neonatal Units in 12 Countries.","authors":"Joanna Seliga-Siwecka, Justyna Romańska, Kei Lui, Marisa Márcia Mussi-Pinhata, Laura San Feliciano, Liisa Lehtonen, Kjell Helenius, Maximo Vento, Dirk Bassler, Satoshi Kusuda, Valerie Biran, Gil Klinger, Tetsuya Isayama, Monia Puglia, Malcolm Battin, Mikael Norman, Lars Naver, Mark Adams, Brian Reichman, Marc Beltempo, Prakesh S Shah","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag014","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Antimicrobial exposure is nearly universal among very preterm infants, yet evidence to guide optimal treatment duration and sepsis management remains limited. Unnecessary prolonged antimicrobial use may contribute to adverse outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to characterize international practices in the management of culture-proven infections in infants born <29 weeks' gestation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study surveyed neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across 12 networks within the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates. A pre-piloted online questionnaire captured unit-level practices regarding treatment duration for culture-proven infections, antifungal prophylaxis, blood culture collection, and central line management. Responses were analyzed descriptively at the network and unit levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 608 eligible NICUs in this study, 382 (62.8%) responded. A 7-day treatment duration was most commonly reported for Gram-positive sepsis (45.2% of NICUs), whereas 14 days was most commonly reported for Gram-negative sepsis (44.4%). Treatment durations were longer for concurrent meningitis: 57% of units reported 14 days for Gram-positive meningitis and 69.2% reported 21 days for Gram-negative meningitis. Antifungal prophylaxis was reported by 62.1% of units. Most NICUs (79.7%) routinely obtained blood cultures from a single sterile site. Overall, 75.7% of units reported central line removal for Gram-negative sepsis and 57.3% for Gram-positive sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reported antimicrobial duration and sepsis management practices for very preterm infants varied across neonatal units and international networks. These findings underscore persistent uncertainty and the urgent need for high-quality evidence to inform standardized, evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-09-29DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag016
Marij Gielen, Esmée Bijnens, Eline Meireson, Steven Weyers, Catherine Derom, Tim Nawrot, Maurice P Zeegers
{"title":"The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Birth Weight is Not Confounded by Ambient Air Pollution in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Marij Gielen, Esmée Bijnens, Eline Meireson, Steven Weyers, Catherine Derom, Tim Nawrot, Maurice P Zeegers","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag016","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examines the association of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with birth weight and gestational age in a population-based twin cohort, adjusting for ambient PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> exposure. By accounting for placentation, we aim to disentangle the independent and combined effects of socioeconomic and environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neighborhood SES was defined using maternal residence at birth and statistical sectors (average area: 1.55 km2) to define annual median neighborhood household income. PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> exposure was estimated using a spatial-temporal interpolation method (Kriging) integrating daily monitoring data and land cover data. Analyses were stratified by placentation: one placental mass or two separate placentas. Multivariable linear mixed models were conducted for birth weight as outcome, linear regression models for gestational age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For twins with two separate placentas, per EUR 3,000 (∼1 SD) increase in median neighborhood household income, birth weight increased with 46.83 grams. Adjustment for PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> did not change the associations. A part of these associations was explained by gestational age, as the association was reduced to 21.92 grams per EUR 3,000 increase. Each EUR 3,000 increase in annual median neighborhood household income corresponded to a longer gestation of 26 h, independent of ambient air pollution or other covariates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although neighborhood SES and ambient air pollution are correlated with birth outcomes, they act through different paths in this twin cohort. This approach provides insights into the etiology of adverse birth outcomes in a high-risk population, even in high-income settings with universal healthcare access.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-09-29DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag013
Lena Sophie Olivier, Jana-Katharina Dieks, Sarina Dreher, Rangmar Goelz, Thomas Hoehn, Britta M Hüning, Matthias C Hütten, Hendrik Niemarkt, Dominique Singer, Dirk Wackernagel, Thorsten Orlikowsky, Mark Schoberer, Janna-Lina Kerth
{"title":"Medical Counselling in Imminent Premature Birth: The Chatbot as Expert And Friend? A Pilot Study.","authors":"Lena Sophie Olivier, Jana-Katharina Dieks, Sarina Dreher, Rangmar Goelz, Thomas Hoehn, Britta M Hüning, Matthias C Hütten, Hendrik Niemarkt, Dominique Singer, Dirk Wackernagel, Thorsten Orlikowsky, Mark Schoberer, Janna-Lina Kerth","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/neo/adsag013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medical counselling and shared decision-making in emotionally demanding situations, such as prenatal counselling at the limits of viability, requires clear, empathetic, and context-sensitive communication. Increasingly, patients and families seek medical information from artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools such as ChatGPT. This study evaluated the potential role and limitations of ChatGPT in prenatal counselling for imminent extremely preterm birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ChatGPT-generated responses to prenatal counselling prompts were evaluated by a group of neonatologists. The responses were rated across predefined domains, including medical accuracy and empathy. In addition, qualitative assessments were performed to identify recurring strengths, limitations, and clinically relevant concerns in the generated responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT provided structured and generally understandable information with high ratings for empathy. However, important limitations were identified regarding nuance, contextual sensitivity, and the explicit communication that treatment decisions should be made jointly by parents and the attending medical team. Responses occasionally lacked sufficient emphasis on individualised counselling and the complexity of ethically challenging clinical situations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AI-based tools may become increasingly relevant as supplementary information sources in medical counselling. At the same time, they introduce new challenges and perspectives for clinicians in maintaining trust, shared decision-making, and therapeutic relationships in the context of diverse and potentially conflicting information sources. Proactive engagement with AI-assisted communication may therefore become an important aspect of future counselling practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149083520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-09-08DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag012
Martin Ringsten, Kenneth Färnqvist, Vera Wachtmeister, Katarzyna Wróblewska-Seniuk, Matteo Bruschettini, María Ximena Rojas-Reyes, Isolde Sommer
{"title":"Values and Preferences of Preterm Infants' Health Outcomes from the Perspective of Parents, Healthcare Providers, and Children or Adults Born Preterm: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Martin Ringsten, Kenneth Färnqvist, Vera Wachtmeister, Katarzyna Wróblewska-Seniuk, Matteo Bruschettini, María Ximena Rojas-Reyes, Isolde Sommer","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag012","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Identifying values and preferences regarding health outcomes for preterm infants is a key aspect of informing clinical decision-making and guideline development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for quantitative and qualitative studies conducted among parents, healthcare professionals, and individuals born preterm, assessing the values regarding mortality, clinical outcomes, and long-term disabilities. Screening, data extraction, critical appraisal, and certainty of evidence assessments were performed in duplicate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 24 studies, 16 quantitative and 8 qualitative, including 4,613 participants. Very low certainty evidence suggests that survival is the most valued outcome for parents and individuals born preterm. In contrast healthcare professionals assigned a lower value to survival when it was associated with the risk of disability and poor quality of life. Very severe disability, especially cognitive impairment, was considered less desirable than survival across all groups, but with variation within each group. Very low certainty evidence indicates that among healthcare professionals, intraventricular hemorrhage is the most severe and undesirable condition in the short term, together with suffering and pain. Evidence is very uncertain regarding how values on the same outcomes differ among families, individuals, professionals, and clinical contexts. Some outcome preferences may change over time, both in relative importance and across different stages of a child's development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings can inform clinical decision-making, guideline development, and health professional education related to values and variability of outcomes. However, the uncertainty and variability between and within interest-holder groups should be considered. Future research should use validated measurements and enroll key interest-holders to improve the evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-08-28DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag007
Hung-Yao Yun, Hsin-Wei Chou, Yi-Hsuan Su, Yu-Hsuan Chien
{"title":"The First Reported Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Venosus Using the LifeTech™ Konar-MFO VSD Occluder in an Infant with Hyperammonemia.","authors":"Hung-Yao Yun, Hsin-Wei Chou, Yi-Hsuan Su, Yu-Hsuan Chien","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag007","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular anomalies that can lead to hyperammonemia and liver dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with incidental patent ductus venosus (PDV) and a focal nodular hyperplasia-like liver nodule. Laboratory tests revealed hyperammonemia (192 µmol/L) and cholestasis. Imaging confirmed a 7.8-mm shunt connecting the left portal vein to the inferior vena cava. Urgent transcatheter closure was performed via the right jugular vein using a 12/10-mm LifeTech™ Konar-MFO occluder. Post-procedural imaging showed complete shunt occlusion, and ammonia levels rapidly decreased to 71.8 µmol/L. Cholestasis improved, and the patient was discharged without complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report describes the first global use of the Konar-MFO device for PDV closure. Transcatheter embolization using this device is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic PDV in young infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-08-28DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag006
Seung-Hak Lee, Sumin Jung, Eun Hee Lee, Ju Sun Heo, Byung Min Choi
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Classification for Grading of Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Neonatal Chest Radiographs.","authors":"Seung-Hak Lee, Sumin Jung, Eun Hee Lee, Ju Sun Heo, Byung Min Choi","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag006","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning-based multi-class classification model for automated grading of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) severity on neonatal chest radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 23,210 radiographs, including normal and RDS cases, manually annotated by trained neonatologists, were divided into training, validation, and external test sets using patient-level splitting. Lung regions were segmented using UNet++, and RDS severity was classified into five ordered grades using a ResNet-50-based model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a quadratic weighted kappa of 0.696, with 85.7% of predictions within one grade and five-class accuracy of 0.575. AUROCs were 0.966 for detecting RDS and 0.866 for clinically significant RDS (grade ≥3). Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping demonstrated attention to lung regions with reduced aeration and granular opacities in severe RDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This model may provide objective and interpretable radiographic assessment of RDS severity and support more consistent radiographic evaluation in neonatal intensive care units.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148852281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag009
Daniel O'Reilly, Sharon Dempsey, Lauren Murphy, Ciara Terry, Alex Gaffney, Emma Doyle, Richard J Drew, Maeve Eogan, Anna Curley, Carmel Moore, Naomi McCallion
{"title":"The Impact of Histopathological Foetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome on Acute Neonatal Outcomes: A Multisite Cohort Study.","authors":"Daniel O'Reilly, Sharon Dempsey, Lauren Murphy, Ciara Terry, Alex Gaffney, Emma Doyle, Richard J Drew, Maeve Eogan, Anna Curley, Carmel Moore, Naomi McCallion","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag009","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Intro: </strong>Foetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) has previously been associated with poor acute outcomes in preterm neonates but has been defined inconsistently. In this large retrospective cohort study, we sought to examine the impact of histopathological FIRS on acute clinical outcomes in very preterm neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a two-site cohort study based in tertiary maternity units in Dublin, Ireland. Admitted neonates with placental histology and without congenital anomalies <32 weeks-corrected gestational age born between 2018 and 2022 (n = 955) were assessed for exposure to Amsterdam consensus guideline-defined FIRS and consequent acute neonatal outcomes by both univariate and multivariate methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While univariate analysis showed an increased incidence of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), multivariate analysis adjusting for gestational age and birth weight demonstrated that very preterm neonates exposed to histopathological FIRS are at a lower risk of BPD, composite death or BPD, and respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant. Neonates exposed to FIRS were born earlier and smaller than their peers who were not, and when adjusting for gestational age there was no increase in odds of severe intraventricular haemorrhage, days of mechanical ventilation, or diagnosis of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Very preterm neonates exposed to FIRS are at lower risk of developing death or BPD and requiring surfactant when adjusting for age and birth weight. No other acute outcomes were statistically significantly different.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Neonatal Hyperglycemia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Adedolapo Aishat Toye, Alejandra Martinez, Jarred Garfinkle, Samantha Kleinberg","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag010","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyperglycemia is prevalent in preterm infants and associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, hyperglycemia is defined inconsistently across studies. We aimed to investigate the link between early neonatal hyperglycemia and early childhood neurodevelopment, and whether this relationship is causal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 220 preterm infants with gestational age (GA) ≤28 weeks. Blood glucose measurements from the first 7 days of life were used to assess hyperglycemia. We calculated: average glucose, number of hyperglycemic days, and binary indicators based on thresholds of >8.3 mmol/L (hyperglycemia) and >10.0 mmol/L (severe hyperglycemia). Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months corrected were language and gross motor delay. Associations were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, GA, small-for-GA status, and maternal education. Causal inference was performed using a probabilistic computation tree logic-based approach for observational data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In univariate analyses, higher 3-day average glucose was associated with increased odds of gross motor delay (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00-1.35, p = 0.048). After adjustment, hyperglycemia measures were not associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Lower GA was consistently associated with higher odds of language delay (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92, p = 0.007). We identified a causal relationship between extreme prematurity (GA ≤25 weeks) and language delay (p = 0.03) but found no causal effect of hyperglycemia on neurodevelopmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early neonatal hyperglycemia was not independently associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes after adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NeonatologyPub Date : 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1159/neo/adsag002
Andrea Lietz, Andreas Goreis, Michael Wagner, Antonia Lair, Tereza Schedler, Stefano Mahlberg, Oswald D Kothgassner, Angelika Berger, Judith Rittenschober-Boehm
{"title":"Telemedicine Consultation in Neonatal Resuscitation: A Randomized Crossover Simulation Study.","authors":"Andrea Lietz, Andreas Goreis, Michael Wagner, Antonia Lair, Tereza Schedler, Stefano Mahlberg, Oswald D Kothgassner, Angelika Berger, Judith Rittenschober-Boehm","doi":"10.1159/neo/adsag002","DOIUrl":"10.1159/neo/adsag002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Telemedicine consultation can provide real-time expert support to local teams during neonatal emergencies. This study aimed to assess the impact of telemedicine support on provider performance and user experience during simulated neonatal resuscitation, using three devices of differing technical complexity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, 93 medical students and doctors completed two neonatal resuscitation scenarios - one without and one with telemedicine support - using one of three randomly assigned devices: a phone, a video telemedicine device, or augmented reality (AR) glasses. The primary outcome, neonatal life support (NLS) performance, was assessed using a 33-item checklist based on a standardized NLS score valuated by two independent raters. Secondary outcomes included user experience, device usability, and participants' gain of performance by using telemedicine support, stratified by participants' level of training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Resuscitation performance improved significantly with telemedicine support compared to the control scenario (38.37 vs. 33.02 points, p < 0.001), with no difference between the three telemedicine conditions. In the scenario without telemedicine, performance was significantly associated with participant training level, while telemedicine mitigated this effect, yielding the greatest performance gains among untrained users (r = -0.34, p < 0.001). User experience ratings were the lowest for AR glasses, primarily due to technical issues. Less trained participants rated telemedicine as more helpful and beneficial on simulation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This simulation-based pilot study demonstrates that telemedicine consultation can significantly improve neonatal resuscitation performance, especially among less trained providers. Differences in user experience underscore that \"simple-to-use\" technology is needed by healthcare providers when using telemedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}