Neonatology最新文献

{"title":"Urinary Lactate-To-Creatinine Ratio during the First Days of Life Correlates with the Degree of Brain Damage in Premature Infants.","authors":"Magdalena Zasada, Marta Olszewska, Aleksandra Kowalik, Joanna Berska, Jolanta Bugajska, Paulina Karcz, Izabela Herman-Sucharska, Przemko Kwinta","doi":"10.1159/000542793","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between the urinary lactate-to-creatinine ratio (ULCR) and brain spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings in very low gestational age (VLGA) infants with and without preterm brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples were collected from 54 VLGA infants during the first week of life, after 1 month of life, and at term-equivalent age (TEA). Urinary lactate was measured via highly selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a quantitative organic acid analysis kit and expressed as the ULCR. Magnetic resonance imaging and 1H-MRS were performed at TEA. The Kidokoro grading system was used to assess the Global Brain Abnormality Score (GBAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VLGA infants with a GBAS moderate + severe had higher ULCRs on the 2nd and 3rd days of life (DOLs) than those with a GBAS normal or mild. Only the GBAS moderate + severe subgroup presented with a secondary increase in the ULCR on the 3rd DOL, whereas in the GBAS normal or mild, the ULCR oscillated around similar values or gradually decreased. Significant positive correlations were detected between the ULCR on the 3rd DOL and the lactate/creatinine and lactate/N-acetyl aspartate ratios measured via 1H-MRS at TEA (r = 0.308; p = 0.022 and r = 0.334; p = 0.013, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increased ULCR during the first 3 DOLs in patients with a GBAS moderate + severe suggest an energy catastrophe that may play a role in the development of premature brain injury. Serial measurement of the ULCR during the first DOLs may help in the early identification of premature infants at risk for moderate + severe brain damage.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess the association between the urinary lactate-to-creatinine ratio (ULCR) and brain spectroscopy (1H-MRS) findings in very low gestational age (VLGA) infants with and without preterm brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples were collected from 54 VLGA infants during the first week of life, after 1 month of life, and at term-equivalent age (TEA). Urinary lactate was measured via highly selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a quantitative organic acid analysis kit and expressed as the ULCR. Magnetic resonance imaging and 1H-MRS were performed at TEA. The Kidokoro grading system was used to assess the Global Brain Abnormality Score (GBAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VLGA infants with a GBAS moderate + severe had higher ULCRs on the 2nd and 3rd days of life (DOLs) than those with a GBAS normal or mild. Only the GBAS moderate + severe subgroup presented with a secondary increase in the ULCR on the 3rd DOL, whereas in the GBAS normal or mild, the ULCR oscillated around similar values or gradually decreased. Significant positive correlations were detected between the ULCR on the 3rd DOL and the lactate/creatinine and lactate/N-a","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Infant Gut Microbiota Modulation by Perinatal Maternal Probiotic Intervention in Atopic Eczema Risk Reduction.","authors":"Reetta Puisto, Carlos Gómez-Gallego, Maria Carmen Collado, Olli Turta, Erika Isolauri, Samuli Rautava","doi":"10.1159/000540075","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Probiotics have shown potential in reducing the occurrence of atopic eczema in high-risk infants. We aimed here to assess whether the preventive effect of maternal probiotic administration stems from compositional changes in early gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 46 mother-infant pairs from an original randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of maternal probiotic intervention with either the combinations of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LPR and Bifidobacterium longum BL999, or Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ST11 and Bifidobacterium longum BL999, or placebo beginning 2 months before expected delivery and ending 2 months after birth. All children were vaginally delivered, full term and breastfed. During the 2-year follow-up period, the children were clinically evaluated by physicians for atopic eczema, and their gut microbiota was profiled at 1 and 6 months of age by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina sequencing platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether, 19 of 46 children developed atopic eczema by the age of 2 years. At 1 and 6 months of age, gut microbial diversity was similar between children who developed atopic eczema and their healthy controls, but at the age of 6 months, children who developed atopic eczema manifested with significantly higher relative abundance of Clostridia. Probiotic intervention did not significantly influence microbial diversity, and the effects on microbial composition were not consistent with the changes associated with the development of atopic eczema.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reduction of the risk of atopic eczema achieved by perinatal maternal probiotic intervention does not seem to require substantial gut microbiota modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supportive Care for Common Conditions in Small Vulnerable Newborns and Term Infants: The Evidence.","authors":"Li Jiang, Rachel Lee Him, Davneet Sihota, Oviya Muralidharan, Georgia Dominguez, Leila Harrison, Tyler Vaivada, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000541872","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Small vulnerable newborns (SVNs) are at an increased risk of early death and other morbidities. Essential interventions provided to SVN, and other high-risk newborns have been proven critical in improving their outcomes. We aimed to provide an update on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following a comprehensive literature scope, we updated or reanalyzed LMIC-specific evidence for essential SVN care interventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 113 individual LMIC studies were identified. Most of them were of high risk of bias. Kangaroo mother care significantly reduced SVN's mortality by discharge. Early erythropoiesis stimulating agent lowered SVN's risk of receiving blood transfusion. Prophylactic oral or intravenous ibuprofen resulted in a decreased risk of patent ductus arteriosus in SVN. But it did not have a significant effect on mortality and led to a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. No pooled LMIC data were available for universal screening of hyperbilirubinemia in high-risk newborns. Sunlight therapy had no effect in treating hyperbilirubinemia but increased the risk of hyperthermia. Reflective curtains with phototherapy resulted in a greater and faster decline in bilirubin than standard phototherapy in treating hyperbilirubinemia. Early child development interventions were shown to have a favorable effect on cognitive and motor scores in SVN. The evidence for family involvement and family support was limited and uncertain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We present the most updated LMIC evidence for interventions targeting SVN. Despite their effectiveness and safety in improving certain neonatal outcomes, further high-quality trials are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"129-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal Care Strategies to Improve Perinatal and Newborn Outcomes.","authors":"Rahima Yasin, Maha Azhar, Zoha Allahuddin, Jai K Das, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000542702","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542702","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Antenatal care strategies (ANC) play a pivotal role in ensuring a healthy gestational period for expectant mothers and promote optimal outcomes for their babies. Implementing these interventions can contribute to a supportive environment for pregnant women, resulting in positive perinatal and neonatal outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;We summarize evidence for a total of twenty-seven interventions pertaining to ANC from Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by identifying the most recent systematic reviews, extracting data from each review, and conducting a subgroup analysis for low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) for outcomes relevant to maternal and neonatal health. Findings from our paper suggest a paucity in evidence from LMICs, and consolidated efforts are required to narrow this gap to build on more inclusive evidence on ANC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence from LMICs suggests that antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation when compared to iron and folic acid had a significant effect on stillbirth, small for gestational age, and low birthweight (LBW). Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risks of preterm birth and LBW. High-dose calcium supplementation, when compared to placebo in pregnancy, lowered the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Antihypertensives significantly reduced the probability of developing severe hypertension, proteinuria/preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia. Metformin for GDM reduced the risk of neonatal death or serious morbidity composite. Cervical cerclage had no effect on stillbirth, preterm birth, or perinatal and neonatal mortality. Data for anti-D administration for rhesus alloimmunization were limited to HICs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Antenatal care strategies (ANC) play a pivotal role in ensuring a healthy gestational period for expectant mothers and promote optimal outcomes for their babies. Implementing these interventions can contribute to a supportive environment for pregnant women, resulting in positive perinatal and neonatal outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;We summarize evidence for a total of twenty-seven interventions pertaining to ANC from Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by identifying the most recent systematic reviews, extracting data from each review, and conducting a subgroup analysis for low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) for outcomes relevant to maternal and neonatal health. Findings from our paper suggest a paucity in evidence from LMICs, and consolidated efforts are required to narrow this gap to build on more inclusive evidence on ANC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence from LMICs suggests that antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation when compared to iron and folic acid had a significant effect on stillbirth, small for gestational age, and low birthweight (LBW). Vitamin D supplementation r","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"13-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Care for Common Conditions in Term and Preterm Neonates: The Evidence.","authors":"Li Jiang, Georgia Dominguez, Aoife Cummins, Oviya Muralidharan, Leila Harrison, Tyler Vaivada, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000541037","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541037","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Several interventions provided to newborns at birth or within 24 h after birth have been proven critical in improving neonatal survival and other birth outcomes. We aimed to provide an update on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;Following a comprehensive scoping of the literature, we updated or re-analyzed the LMIC-specific evidence for included topics. Ninety-four LMIC studies were identified. Delayed cord clamping with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping resulted in a lower risk of blood transfusion in newborns &lt;32-34 gestational weeks and a lower occurrence of anemia in term newborns but did not have significant effect on neonatal mortality or other common morbidities both in preterm and term newborns. Immediate thermal care using plastic wrap/bag led to a 38% lower risk of hypothermia and a higher axillary temperature in preterm newborns without increasing the risk of hyperthermia. Kangaroo mother care initiated immediately (iKMC) or early after birth (eKMC, within 24 h) significantly reduced neonatal mortality and the occurrence of hypothermia in preterm or low-birth-weight neonates. For delayed first bath in newborns, no pooled estimate was generated due to high heterogeneity of included studies. Trials from high-income countries demonstrated anti-D's effectiveness in lowering the incidence of Rhesus D alloimmunization in subsequent pregnancy if given within 72 h postpartum.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;We generated the most updated LMIC evidence for several immediate newborn care interventions. Despite their effectiveness and safety in improving some of the neonatal outcomes, further high-quality trials are necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Several interventions provided to newborns at birth or within 24 h after birth have been proven critical in improving neonatal survival and other birth outcomes. We aimed to provide an update on the effectiveness and safety of these interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;Following a comprehensive scoping of the literature, we updated or re-analyzed the LMIC-specific evidence for included topics. Ninety-four LMIC studies were identified. Delayed cord clamping with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping resulted in a lower risk of blood transfusion in newborns &lt;32-34 gestational weeks and a lower occurrence of anemia in term newborns but did not have significant effect on neonatal mortality or other common morbidities both in preterm and term newborns. Immediate thermal care using plastic wrap/bag led to a 38% lower risk of hypothermia and a higher axillary temperature in preterm newborns without increasing the risk of hyperthermia. Kangaroo mother care initiated immediately (iKMC) or early after birth (eKMC, within 24 h) significantly reduced neonatal mortality and the occurrence of hypothermia i","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"106-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11878415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental Changes and Postnatal Growth in the First 3 Years of Extremely Preterm Infants.","authors":"Yuka Matsunaga, Hirosuke Inoue, Yuta Miyauchi, Takahide Watabe, Kazuaki Yasuoka, Toru Sawano, Masayuki Ochiai, Yasunari Sakai, Shouichi Ohga","doi":"10.1159/000541129","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infants born extremely preterm are at high risk for neurodevelopmental problems. However, their neurodevelopment exhibits a variety of trajectories. This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in neurodevelopmental outcomes and clinical characteristics among extremely preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of surviving children born at gestational age 22-28 weeks in Kyushu University Hospital between 2010 and 2020. We collected perinatal and post-discharge data and investigated the association between clinical characteristics and changes in developmental quotient (DQ) scores between 1.5 and 3 years of corrected age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 179 eligible extremely preterm infants, 115 (64%) underwent neurological evaluations at 1.5 and 3 years of corrected age. Among them, 33 (29%) showed improvement in their DQ scores (+10 or more), 62 (54%) showed no change (-9 to +9), and 20 (17%) showed a decline (-10 or less). Gestational age, birth weight, and perinatal complications during the NICU stay did not affect individual changes in DQ scores. Multivariable analysis revealed that greater growth in height until age 3 years was a significant predictor of increasing DQ scores, while male sex and having siblings had a negative effect on changes in the DQ scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We first demonstrate clinical data conceptualizing that growth in height, sex, and sibling status, rather than perinatal complications, are biologically linked with favorable or unfavorable neurodevelopmental changes of extremely preterm infants during the first 3 years of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifteen Years of Neonatal Therapeutic Hypothermia: Clinical Trends Show Unchanged Post-Rewarming Outcomes despite Reduction in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Severity.","authors":"Bregje O van Oldenmark, Andrea van Steenis, Linda S de Vries, Floris Groenendaal, Sylke J Steggerda","doi":"10.1159/000541472","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects 1-2 per 1,000 births and is associated with mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental challenges. At present, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only neuroprotective intervention for these infants. This study examines whether HIE severity, clinical management during TH, and post-rewarming outcomes have changed since its introduction 15 years ago.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neonatal characteristics, HIE severity, management during TH, and post-rewarming MRI of all infants with HIE undergoing TH between 2008 and 2023 were compared across three five-year epochs. Linear regression was used to estimate annual changes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 252 infants underwent TH. Median gestational age (39.5 weeks), birth weight (3,376 g), and time to start TH (4.25 h) remained stable over time. Apgar score at 5 min (p = 0.031) and lowest pH <1 h postpartum (p = 0.020) increased over time. Thompson score at 1-3 h decreased across epochs (p = 0.046). There was an increase in percentage with normal-mild aEEG background patterns on admission (p = 0.041) and a decrease in aEEG-confirmed seizures (p < 0.001) and antiseizure medication (p < 0.001). Inotropic support decreased (p = 0.007), and use of invasive mechanical ventilation decreased over the last 5 years. Mortality (28.6%) and post-rewarming composite adverse outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality and/or adverse MRI score) (37.9%) remained unchanged. Number of infants seen at 2-year follow-up increased (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over the last 15 years, we treated more infants with milder HIE, as indicated by lower Thompson and milder aEEG scores, and the need for invasive cardiorespiratory support declined. However, there were no improvements in composite adverse outcome (mortality and/or adverse MRI score).</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"191-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor by Maiwald et al. on \"Less Invasive Surfactant Administration for Preterm Infants - State of the Art\".","authors":"Christoph Härtel, Angela Kribs, Wolfgang Göpel, Peter A Dargaville, Egbert Herting","doi":"10.1159/000542819","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Linear Immunoglobulin A Bullous Dermatosis: A Critical Case Recovering after Prompt Recognition, Intensive Management, and Breastfeeding Interruption - A Case Report.","authors":"Dimitra Papasavva, Leila Dosso, Marie-Anne Morren, Lionel Fontao, Laura Bruschi, François Gorostidi, Thomas Ferry, Emmanuella Guenova, Céline J Fischer Fumeaux, Sébastien Joye","doi":"10.1159/000540770","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis (NLABD) is a rare, life-threatening, mucocutaneous bullous disorder. The pathogenesis and optimal treatment remain poorly defined and raise critical clinical challenges.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of a full-term female infant with severe cutaneous and respiratory symptoms due to NLABD. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence on the infant's skin biopsy, while IgAs directed against the basement membrane of the skin and mucosa were identified in the mother's milk. The infant fully recovered after nearly 8 weeks of intensive multidisciplinary care, including non-invasive ventilation, nutritional support, wound care, systemic corticoid treatment, and breastfeeding discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of timely adequate diagnosis and management of this rare and serious condition. Moreover, it adds novel evidence documenting the presence of pathogenic IgAs in breastmilk.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis (NLABD) is a rare, life-threatening, mucocutaneous bullous disorder. The pathogenesis and optimal treatment remain poorly defined and raise critical clinical challenges.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of a full-term female infant with severe cutaneous and respiratory symptoms due to NLABD. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence on the infant's skin biopsy, while IgAs directed against the basement membrane of the skin and mucosa were identified in the mother's milk. The infant fully recovered after nearly 8 weeks of intensive multidisciplinary care, including non-invasive ventilation, nutritional support, wound care, systemic corticoid treatment, and breastfeeding discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the importance of timely adequate diagnosis and management of this rare and serious condition. Moreover, it adds novel evidence documenting the presence of pathogenic IgAs in breastmilk.</p>","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Infections in Facility and Community Settings of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Descriptive Review.","authors":"Rachel Lee Him, Sarah Rehman, Davneet Sihota, Rahima Yasin, Maha Azhar, Taleaa Masroor, Hamna Amir Naseem, Laiba Masood, Sawera Hanif, Leila Harrison, Tyler Vaivada, M Jeeva Sankar, Angela Dramowski, Susan E Coffin, Davidson H Hamer, Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1159/000541871","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541871","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;We present a robust and up-to-date synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and treat newborn infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Newborn infection prevention interventions included strategies to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR), prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), clean birth kits (CBKs), chlorhexidine cleansing, topical emollients, and probiotic and synbiotic supplementation. Interventions to treat suspected neonatal infections included prophylactic systemic antifungal agents and community-based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections (PSBIs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A descriptive review combining different methodological approaches was conducted. To provide the most suitable recommendations for real-world implementation, our analyses considered the impact of these interventions within three distinct health settings: facility, mixed, and community.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In facility settings, the strongest evidence supported the implementation of multimodal stewardship interventions for AMR reduction and device-associated infection prevention bundles for HAI prevention. Emollients in preterm newborns reduced the risk of invasive infection compared to routine skin care. Probiotics in preterm newborns reduced neonatal mortality, invasive infection, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) risks compared to standard care or placebo. There was insufficient evidence for synbiotics and prophylactic systemic antifungals in LMICs. In mixed settings, CBKs reduced neonatal mortality risk compared to standard care. In community settings, chlorhexidine umbilical cord cleansing reduced omphalitis risk compared to dry cord care. For the treatment of PSBIs, purely domiciliary-based antibiotic delivery reduced the risk of all-cause neonatal mortality when compared to the standard hospital referral.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Strategies for preventing HAIs and reducing AMR in healthcare facilities should be multimodal, and strategy selection should consider the feasibility of integration within existing newborn care programs. Probiotics are effective for facility-based use in preterm newborns; however, the establishment of high-quality, cost-effective mass production of standardized formulations is needed. Chlorhexidine cord cleansing is effective in community settings to prevent omphalitis in contexts where unhygienic cord applications are prevalent. Community-based antibiotic delivery of simplified regimens for PSBIs is a safe alternative when hospital-based care in LMICs is not possible or is declined by parents. More randomized trial evidence is needed to establish the effectiveness of CBKs, emollients, synbiotics, and prophylactic systemic antifungals in LMICs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;We present a robust and up-to-date synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and tre","PeriodicalId":94152,"journal":{"name":"Neonatology","volume":" ","pages":"173-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}