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Assessment of Performance Characteristics of Pavement Base Course Incorporating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Asphaltenes 评估含有再生沥青路面和沥青质的路面基层的性能特征
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0419
F. Kamran, N. Jhora, Taher Baghaee Moghaddam, Leila Hashemian
{"title":"Assessment of Performance Characteristics of Pavement Base Course Incorporating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Asphaltenes","authors":"F. Kamran, N. Jhora, Taher Baghaee Moghaddam, Leila Hashemian","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0419","url":null,"abstract":"Asphalt pavement is demolished and milled at the end of its service life, resulting in an enormous amount of waste material known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). Using cold recycling techniques, it is possible to reuse RAP for base course construction. However, using a high amount of RAP could have negative effects on the mechanical properties and durability of the base course. In this study, to improve the performance of asphalt emulsion recycled base course prepared with RAP, asphaltenes derived from Alberta oil-sands bitumen was added to the mixture. The performance properties of the selected mixtures were investigated at high, intermediate and low temperatures. Testing results and statistical analysis revealed that asphaltenes enhances the high and intermediate temperature performance of the modified mixes significantly. The low-temperature creep compliance of asphaltenes-modified mixtures was slightly lower than the unmodified mixtures, however, the low-temperature properties of the modified mixes were not significantly affected.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suitability of DIC in Capturing Flexural Behaviour of As-built and CFRP‑Strengthened RC Beams DIC 在捕捉竣工梁和 CFRP 加固梁挠曲行为方面的适用性
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0154
B. Kadhom, Eli Simova, Jieying J Zhang, Dennis Krys
{"title":"Suitability of DIC in Capturing Flexural Behaviour of As-built and CFRP‑Strengthened RC Beams","authors":"B. Kadhom, Eli Simova, Jieying J Zhang, Dennis Krys","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0154","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the suitability of digital image correlation (DIC) technology in evaluating the flexural behaviour of as-built and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams was verified by conducting a 4-point bending test on four large-size beams. The DIC data obtained during the tests were compared to the results measured using traditional techniques such as displacement sensors and electrical strain gauges, as well as the findings derived from finite element (FE) numerical simulations. A good agreement was achieved between the local displacement and strain measurements and the data from DIC as a function of the applied load. Moreover, the crack patterns generated by the FE modelling were validated by the corresponding patterns derived from DIC. This suitability study is expected to contribute to the future field implementation of DIC technology to monitor the CFRP-strengthened members of critical structures such as bridges.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental, Finite Element and Analytical Characterization of Hysteretic Response of Ductile Connections with Nailed Angle Brackets for Mass Timber Structures 大规模木结构中钉角托架韧性连接的滞回特性的实验、有限元和分析表征
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0394
P. Sejkot, A. Aloisio, Vera Obradovic, Asif Iqbal
{"title":"Experimental, Finite Element and Analytical Characterization of Hysteretic Response of Ductile Connections with Nailed Angle Brackets for Mass Timber Structures","authors":"P. Sejkot, A. Aloisio, Vera Obradovic, Asif Iqbal","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0394","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered wood products along with advanced processing and fabrication are pushing the limits of modern wood construction. Innovative concepts and applications facilitate the development of a new generation of structural systems. However, capacities of such systems are often governed by capabilities of the connections. This paper presents the experimental results with numerical and analytical models of angle brackets for prediction of load bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility. Three types of metal brackets in beam-column connections have been investigated and their performance has been studied in various loading arrangements. Detailed finite-element models of each connection have been developed to gain insights into their behavior. An analytical approach is also adopted to represent the connections. Comparison with test data suggests that the models can reproduce results with good accuracy. The findings confirm feasibility of implementing ductile connections in practical mass timber structures.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Video Analysis of Human Behaviour during Wildfire Evacuations 野火疏散过程中的人类行为视频分析
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0450
Hannah Carton, John Gales, Eric B Kennedy
{"title":"Video Analysis of Human Behaviour during Wildfire Evacuations","authors":"Hannah Carton, John Gales, Eric B Kennedy","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0450","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfire impacts are increasing due to the multiplicative effect of several factors, including climate change, increased vulnerability in the wildland-urban interface, and impacts of management decisions. This has also led to an increase in evacuations due to the number of wildfires and people affected. This study collected information on behaviour during wildfire evacuation to fill critical research gaps in human behaviour and evacuation knowledge. Seven videos of residents’ evacuations from the 2016 Fort McMurray fire were collected from public platforms. Their routes were analyzed, and notable behavioural events were recorded. The evacuees mainly used major roads before getting onto the highway (the only route available for vehicular egress). The notable behaviours observed included using opposite lanes and driving outside of marked roads to avoid congestion. Much of the observed behaviours appeared to be motivated by the surrounding traffic or fire behaviour, further supporting the need for further studies of evacuation.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seismic Performance Assessment of Post-Tensioned CLT Shear Wall Buildings with Buckling-Restrained Axial Fuses 采用屈曲约束轴向引信的后张法 CLT 剪力墙建筑的抗震性能评估
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0448
Huanru Zhu, M. Bezabeh, Asif Iqbal, M. Popovski, Zhiyong Chen
{"title":"Seismic Performance Assessment of Post-Tensioned CLT Shear Wall Buildings with Buckling-Restrained Axial Fuses","authors":"Huanru Zhu, M. Bezabeh, Asif Iqbal, M. Popovski, Zhiyong Chen","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0448","url":null,"abstract":"Post-tensioned cross-laminated timber (PT-CLT) walls have been demonstrated to be a low-damage seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) due to their self-centring capability. However, there is still a need to examine the seismic performance of such SFRS in high seismic risk zones. This study evaluates the seismic performance of 6-, 9-, and 12-storey PT-CLT shear wall buildings in Vancouver, Canada, equipped with Buckling-Restrained Axial Fuses (BRAFs). The prototype buildings were designed using the displacement-based design method, and the assessment considered the most recent seismic hazard model provided in the 2020 National Building Code of Canada. To conduct nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), numerical models were developed in OpenSeesPy and calibrated based on component and system-level experimental tests. The NLRHA and IDA results demonstrate that all the studied buildings have adequate collapse margin ratios, with less than a 10% chance of collapsing at maximum considered earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capturing and modeling reality to enhance the built environment 捕捉和模拟现实，改善建筑环境
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2024-0027
Ala Suliman, Zheng Liu, Tarek Hegazy
{"title":"Capturing and modeling reality to enhance the built environment","authors":"Ala Suliman, Zheng Liu, Tarek Hegazy","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2024-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2024-0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Machine Learning Framework for Multi-Scenes Road Surface Weather Condition Monitoring 用于多场景路面气象条件监测的自适应机器学习框架
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0405
Xinhao Zhou, Lin Zhao, Zhaodong Liu, Liping Fu, Guangyuan Pan
{"title":"An Adaptive Machine Learning Framework for Multi-Scenes Road Surface Weather Condition Monitoring","authors":"Xinhao Zhou, Lin Zhao, Zhaodong Liu, Liping Fu, Guangyuan Pan","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0405","url":null,"abstract":"Timely road surface condition (RSC) monitoring and maintenance significantly influences road safety. The current RSC relies on fixed road surveillance cameras and in-vehicle cameras. However, the fixed camera demands higher precision, while the in-vehicle camera requires higher timeliness. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an adaptive machine learning framework for simultaneous road surface detection on both device types. Initially, a convolutional neural network -based differentiation module identifies image sources. Subsequently, an adaptive algorithm switching mechanism leads to the development of two algorithms improved upon the real-time object detection algorithms. At last, extensive experiments with datasets collected from Ontario, Canada and Iowa U.S. validate the framework. Results show satisfactory classification accuracy, detection precision, and speed. Notably, the Mean Average Precision, namely mean of the average Precision for all categories(mAP)reaches 91.9% for fixed cameras and 90.6% for in-vehicle cameras, outperforming existing road surface snow detection models.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural Performance of Large-Scale 3D-Printed Walls Subjected to Axial Compression Load 承受轴向压缩荷载的大规模三维打印墙体的结构性能
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0395
Marcos V. G. Silveira, Juliana S. Wagner, Mohsen Khanverdi, Sreekanta Das
{"title":"Structural Performance of Large-Scale 3D-Printed Walls Subjected to Axial Compression Load","authors":"Marcos V. G. Silveira, Juliana S. Wagner, Mohsen Khanverdi, Sreekanta Das","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0395","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing incorporation of additive manufacturing in the construction industry, a significant gap persists in the availability of design guidelines and comprehensive structural assessments for 3D-printed components. This research employs experimental methods to evaluate the performance of large-scale hollow unreinforced 3D-printed masonry walls under axial compressive load. Furthermore, a design methodology tailored for 3D-printed masonry walls under compressive loads is proposed in compliance with both American and Canadian masonry standards. This methodology is supported by the application of linear elastic 3D finite element analysis. Moreover, supplementary insights into material behavior are garnered through the examination of small specimens extracted from an additional 3D-printed wall. The results reveal that 3D printing reduces stiffness and compressive strength. The 3D-printed infills played an important role in redistributing stress after cracking. All full-scale 3D-printed masonry walls examined in this research exceeded the performance criteria set by the American masonry standard for load-bearing walls.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new hybrid steel–timber rocking seismic force resisting system equipped with U-shaped fuse connections 配备 U 型引信连接的新型钢木混合摇动抗震系统
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0319
Ahmed Mowafy, A. Imanpour, Ying-Hei Chui
{"title":"A new hybrid steel–timber rocking seismic force resisting system equipped with U-shaped fuse connections","authors":"Ahmed Mowafy, A. Imanpour, Ying-Hei Chui","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0319","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new low-damage hybrid steel–timber rocking braced frame with self-centring capability and proposes a design methodology in the framework of Canadian design standards. This system consists of a gravity load-resisting timber frame and a steel concentrically braced frame acting as the lateral load-resisting system that is connected using U-shaped steel fuses. The self-centring capability is achieved by post-tensioning strands and rocking bases within the lateral load-resisting system. The system, along with its components, is first introduced. The proposed design method and system performance objectives are then presented. The seismic performance of the system and the proposed design procedure are validated through numerical analyses considering the interaction between the lateral and gravity load-resisting systems. The results of dynamic analyses confirm the enhanced seismic performance of the proposed hybrid system with almost no residual deformations after the earthquake. Moreover, the proposed design guidelines can accurately predict the system’s seismic response and demands imposed on the members.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Explainable AI for Enhanced Understanding of Winter Road Safety: Insights with Support Vector Machines and SHAP 利用可解释人工智能增强对冬季道路安全的理解：支持向量机和 SHAP 的启示
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0446
Zehua Shuai, Tae J. Kwon, Qian Xie
{"title":"Using Explainable AI for Enhanced Understanding of Winter Road Safety: Insights with Support Vector Machines and SHAP","authors":"Zehua Shuai, Tae J. Kwon, Qian Xie","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0446","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the utility of machine learning (ML) in understanding and mitigating winter road risks. Despite their capability in managing complex data structures, ML models often lack interpretability. We address this issue by integrating Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 231 snowstorm events collected in the city of Edmonton across two winter seasons, the SVM model achieved an accuracy rate of 87.2%. Following model development, a SHAP summary plot was employed to identify the contribution of individual features to collision predictions—an insight not achievable through ML alone. Next, SHAP waterfall plots were used to assess the reliability of individual predictions. The findings enhanced our understanding of the complex SVM model and provided greater insights into the diverse factors affecting winter road safety.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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