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Assessing Embodied Carbon for Reinforced Concrete Structures in Canada 评估加拿大钢筋混凝土结构的内含碳量
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0345
Kathy Sheng, Joshua E. Woods, Evan Bentz, Neil Hoult
{"title":"Assessing Embodied Carbon for Reinforced Concrete Structures in Canada","authors":"Kathy Sheng, Joshua E. Woods, Evan Bentz, Neil Hoult","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0345","url":null,"abstract":"The global emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions means that engineers and architects are increasingly required to account for embodied carbon in their designs. However, there is a lack of knowledge and tools in the structural engineering community to enable calculation of embodied carbon for reinforced concrete structures. This paper aims to address this concern by providing a review of the most up-to-date approaches for calculating embodied carbon as well as the important factors that engineers should consider during the design phase to reduce embodied carbon. Environmental product declarations for concrete in four Canadian provinces will also be compared to illustrate the variability in the embodied carbon and the factors that influence this variability. Finally, the paper will present a case-study on the design of a reinforced concrete beam to demonstrate how to calculate embodied carbon and to illustrate how changes in design can influence the total embodied carbon.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-based equations for damage evaluation of reinforced concrete columns with square cross sections 基于数据的方形截面钢筋混凝土柱损坏评估公式
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0328
Vahid Mokarram, M. Banan, Meisam Abazarnejad, M. Banan
{"title":"Data-based equations for damage evaluation of reinforced concrete columns with square cross sections","authors":"Vahid Mokarram, M. Banan, Meisam Abazarnejad, M. Banan","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0328","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop simple equations for assessing the damage of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to seismic loading. A fiber element model in OpenSees, validated against experimental data, was used to generate a large dataset of 56548 data values for various RC columns. The Monte Carlo Hierarchical Adaptive Random Partitioning (MC-HARP) strategy was then applied to evaluate the sufficiency of the dataset and propose reliable equations for estimating the residual displacement ratio (RDR), damage index (DI), and residual curvature of RC columns under given displacement demands. A relationship between these parameters and the structural performance levels was also established. Residual displacement is a practical measure that can be observed in the field after an earthquake. The proposed equations facilitate the determination of the performance level of the structure after an earthquake event. The findings of this paper can also be used in designing new structures within a performance-based seismic design (PBSD) context.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-based equations for damage evaluation of reinforced concrete columns with square cross sections 基于数据的方形截面钢筋混凝土柱损坏评估公式
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0328
Vahid Mokarram, M. Banan, Meisam Abazarnejad, M. Banan
{"title":"Data-based equations for damage evaluation of reinforced concrete columns with square cross sections","authors":"Vahid Mokarram, M. Banan, Meisam Abazarnejad, M. Banan","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0328","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop simple equations for assessing the damage of reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to seismic loading. A fiber element model in OpenSees, validated against experimental data, was used to generate a large dataset of 56548 data values for various RC columns. The Monte Carlo Hierarchical Adaptive Random Partitioning (MC-HARP) strategy was then applied to evaluate the sufficiency of the dataset and propose reliable equations for estimating the residual displacement ratio (RDR), damage index (DI), and residual curvature of RC columns under given displacement demands. A relationship between these parameters and the structural performance levels was also established. Residual displacement is a practical measure that can be observed in the field after an earthquake. The proposed equations facilitate the determination of the performance level of the structure after an earthquake event. The findings of this paper can also be used in designing new structures within a performance-based seismic design (PBSD) context.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Modeling of Ice Control on the Albany River, Ontario, Canada 加拿大安大略省奥尔巴尼河冰控制数值模拟
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0061
Ian M. Knack, Jason Shaw, Joe Groeneveld, Joanne McHenry, S. T. Lavender, W. L. Friday
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Ice Control on the Albany River, Ontario, Canada","authors":"Ian M. Knack, Jason Shaw, Joe Groeneveld, Joanne McHenry, S. T. Lavender, W. L. Friday","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0061","url":null,"abstract":"The Kashechewan First Nation (KFN) community is located on a floodplain of the north branch of the Albany River, on the west coast of James Bay. Each spring the community faces the uncertain prospect of evacuation due to ice-jam flooding, the most severe of which occurred in 2006. A study was conducted to develop long-term options for reducing the flood risk to the community, which included dams, dykes, pier and weir type ice-control structures, and conveyance channels. This paper presents a numerical model study on the Albany River in Ontario, Canada to develop ice control as a potential means for mitigating ice-jam flooding at the KFN community using the two-dimensional ice dynamics model DynaRICE. A method was developed to simulate pier type ice control structures within the model such that the physical channel conditions, flow conditions, and combinations of ice control could be evaluated. The model allowed detailed simulation of ice retention, resulting inundation, and the forces on the individual piers. To optimize the design of the piers, including pier spacing, height, and size, various combinations of ice, flow, and pier conditions were simulated. Numerical modeling facilitated a comparative examination of flood risk reduction to the community from the various ice control options","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Modeling of Ice Control on the Albany River, Ontario, Canada 加拿大安大略省奥尔巴尼河冰控制数值模拟
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0061
Ian M. Knack, Jason Shaw, Joe Groeneveld, Joanne McHenry, S. T. Lavender, W. L. Friday
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Ice Control on the Albany River, Ontario, Canada","authors":"Ian M. Knack, Jason Shaw, Joe Groeneveld, Joanne McHenry, S. T. Lavender, W. L. Friday","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0061","url":null,"abstract":"The Kashechewan First Nation (KFN) community is located on a floodplain of the north branch of the Albany River, on the west coast of James Bay. Each spring the community faces the uncertain prospect of evacuation due to ice-jam flooding, the most severe of which occurred in 2006. A study was conducted to develop long-term options for reducing the flood risk to the community, which included dams, dykes, pier and weir type ice-control structures, and conveyance channels. This paper presents a numerical model study on the Albany River in Ontario, Canada to develop ice control as a potential means for mitigating ice-jam flooding at the KFN community using the two-dimensional ice dynamics model DynaRICE. A method was developed to simulate pier type ice control structures within the model such that the physical channel conditions, flow conditions, and combinations of ice control could be evaluated. The model allowed detailed simulation of ice retention, resulting inundation, and the forces on the individual piers. To optimize the design of the piers, including pier spacing, height, and size, various combinations of ice, flow, and pier conditions were simulated. Numerical modeling facilitated a comparative examination of flood risk reduction to the community from the various ice control options","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determination of the effectiveness of porcelain fine waste to enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete with recycled waste using central composite design and Taguchi method 利用中心复合设计和田口方法确定瓷器细废料提高含回收废料的土工聚合物混凝土性能的有效性
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0280
Chandra Prakash Gour, Priyanka Dhurvey
{"title":"Determination of the effectiveness of porcelain fine waste to enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete with recycled waste using central composite design and Taguchi method","authors":"Chandra Prakash Gour, Priyanka Dhurvey","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0280","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating bone china fine aggregate (BCA) in geopolymer concrete (GPC) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). A total of 25 experiments were conducted to optimize the mix design of GPC with coarse RCA and fine BCA. The suitability of a response surface model using the central composite design approach and the Taguchi method with an L25 orthogonal array was assessed. Both methods provide valuable insights and recommendations for achieving ideal mix proportions to enhance strength. The resulting model, with a higher coefficient of determination, successfully predicted the mechanical properties of GPC in fresh and hardened states. The findings suggest that GPC with up to 50% RCA and up to 100% BCA demonstrates optimal performance in terms of hardened mechanical properties. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the predicted and actual values, indicating the reliability of the model.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determination of the effectiveness of porcelain fine waste to enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete with recycled waste using central composite design and Taguchi method 利用中心复合设计和田口方法确定瓷器细废料提高含回收废料的土工聚合物混凝土性能的有效性
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0280
Chandra Prakash Gour, Priyanka Dhurvey
{"title":"Determination of the effectiveness of porcelain fine waste to enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete with recycled waste using central composite design and Taguchi method","authors":"Chandra Prakash Gour, Priyanka Dhurvey","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0280","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating bone china fine aggregate (BCA) in geopolymer concrete (GPC) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). A total of 25 experiments were conducted to optimize the mix design of GPC with coarse RCA and fine BCA. The suitability of a response surface model using the central composite design approach and the Taguchi method with an L25 orthogonal array was assessed. Both methods provide valuable insights and recommendations for achieving ideal mix proportions to enhance strength. The resulting model, with a higher coefficient of determination, successfully predicted the mechanical properties of GPC in fresh and hardened states. The findings suggest that GPC with up to 50% RCA and up to 100% BCA demonstrates optimal performance in terms of hardened mechanical properties. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the predicted and actual values, indicating the reliability of the model.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How COVID-19 impacted the temporal and spatial distribution of collision hotspots COVID-19 如何影响碰撞热点的时空分布
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0258
Faeze Momeni Rad, Karim El-Basyouny
{"title":"How COVID-19 impacted the temporal and spatial distribution of collision hotspots","authors":"Faeze Momeni Rad, Karim El-Basyouny","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0258","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the spatial and temporal shift in collision hotspots caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, considering different collision severities. The Getis-Ord statistic was utilized to create spatial models and generate map outputs for 2019 and 2020. Two distinct approaches were employed: using a census tract shapefile (provided) and creating fishnet polygons measuring 500 m by 500 m. Results showed fewer hotspots outside Edmonton's central core, while fatal collisions were concentrated close to the core. This intriguing finding suggests that COVID-19 restrictions led to more aggressive driving behaviour near the centre, contributing to a rise in fatal collision numbers. The study found a significant reduction in traffic collisions in April 2020, with a 58% decrease compared to the previous year. The research highlights the pandemic's impact on road safety, emphasizing the importance of reducing traffic volume and advocating for traffic restrictions and control strategies, multi-modal planning, and efficient pricing strategies within Vision Zero for improved road safety.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How COVID-19 impacted the temporal and spatial distribution of collision hotspots COVID-19 如何影响碰撞热点的时空分布
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0258
Faeze Momeni Rad, Karim El-Basyouny
{"title":"How COVID-19 impacted the temporal and spatial distribution of collision hotspots","authors":"Faeze Momeni Rad, Karim El-Basyouny","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0258","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the spatial and temporal shift in collision hotspots caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, considering different collision severities. The Getis-Ord statistic was utilized to create spatial models and generate map outputs for 2019 and 2020. Two distinct approaches were employed: using a census tract shapefile (provided) and creating fishnet polygons measuring 500 m by 500 m. Results showed fewer hotspots outside Edmonton's central core, while fatal collisions were concentrated close to the core. This intriguing finding suggests that COVID-19 restrictions led to more aggressive driving behaviour near the centre, contributing to a rise in fatal collision numbers. The study found a significant reduction in traffic collisions in April 2020, with a 58% decrease compared to the previous year. The research highlights the pandemic's impact on road safety, emphasizing the importance of reducing traffic volume and advocating for traffic restrictions and control strategies, multi-modal planning, and efficient pricing strategies within Vision Zero for improved road safety.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Performance of Flexible Fluid-Structure Interaction Module for Saltmarsh Vegetation Under Flow and Wave Action 盐沼植被在水流和波浪作用下的柔性流体-结构相互作用模块性能
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0193
Ross Henteleff, Jacob Stolle, Acacia Markov, Ion Nistor, V. Sriram
{"title":"The Performance of Flexible Fluid-Structure Interaction Module for Saltmarsh Vegetation Under Flow and Wave Action","authors":"Ross Henteleff, Jacob Stolle, Acacia Markov, Ion Nistor, V. Sriram","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the performance of a new flexible fluid-structure interaction (FSI) module in an open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software - REEF3D - for use in modelling saltmarsh vegetation. Unlike previous studies, which focussed on hydrodynamic response to plants (for example, wave attenuation) to check the accuracy of their numerical modelling efforts, this work attempts to replicate the plants’ drag force and motion behavior, based on results from several physical modelling studies. The flexible FSI module was found to consistently overestimate both the drag and motion of the numerical plants when compared to their physical counterparts. It is hypothesized that this is due to the module’s use of linearly elastic material theory for the flexible structures. This is arguably inadequate for the relatively flexible materials of saltmarsh vegetation.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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