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Enhancing winter road maintenance with explainable AI: SHAP analysis for interpreting machine learning models in road friction estimation 用可解释的人工智能加强冬季道路养护：用 SHAP 分析法解释道路摩擦力估算中的机器学习模型
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0410
Xueru Ding, Tae J. Kwon
{"title":"Enhancing winter road maintenance with explainable AI: SHAP analysis for interpreting machine learning models in road friction estimation","authors":"Xueru Ding, Tae J. Kwon","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0410","url":null,"abstract":"Effective winter road maintenance relies on precise road friction estimation. Machine learning (ML) models have shown significant promise in this; however, their inherent complexity makes understanding their inner workings challenging. This paper addresses this issue by conducting a comparative analysis of road friction estimation models using four ML methods, including regression tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and support vector regression (SVR). We then employ the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) explainable artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance model interpretability. Our analysis on an Alberta dataset reveals that the XGBoost model performs best with an accuracy of 91.39%. The SHAP analysis illustrates the logical relationships between predictor features and friction within all three tree-based models, but it also uncovers inconsistencies within the SVR model, potentially attributed to insufficient feature interactions. Thus, this paper not only showcase the role of explainable AI in improving the ML interpretability of models for road friction estimation, but also provides practical insights that could improve winter road maintenance decisions.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of hemispherical roughness spacing on Double-averaged turbulence characteristics for different flow submergence 半球形粗糙度间距对不同水流淹没度下双平均湍流特性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0360
Jayanta Shounda, K. Barman, K. Debnath
{"title":"Effect of hemispherical roughness spacing on Double-averaged turbulence characteristics for different flow submergence","authors":"Jayanta Shounda, K. Barman, K. Debnath","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0360","url":null,"abstract":"The double-averaged (DA) turbulence characteristics over rough bed comprising of hemispherical elements with different spacing (p/r = 2, 4, 6, and 8; p = pitch distance; r = height of hemisphere) is quantified for three flow-submergences [h/r = 7.14, 5.35, 3.57; mean flow-depth (h)= 20 cm, 15 cm, and 10 cm]. The production and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are maximum at and below the crest level. Within interfacial sublayer, the degree of anisotropy is observed to be maximum for p/r = 4 and the tendency for the return to isotropy is strongest for p/r = 8 in the outer layer. The turbulence generated in the bottom region is still present in the outer region for low flow-submergences. The turbulence strength is maintained in the roughness order (descending) as p/r = 4 >2> 6 > 8 > plane bed; wherein the change in flow-submergence does not change this order.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preface to the special issue on river ice and infrastructure 河冰与基础设施特刊序言
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0457
Brian C. Burrell, T. Ghobrial
{"title":"Preface to the special issue on river ice and infrastructure","authors":"Brian C. Burrell, T. Ghobrial","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Post-Tensioned Timber Building Fitted with Dissipative Bracing System 装有耗散支撑系统的后张法木结构建筑的地震脆弱性评估
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0257
Ikenna Odikamnoro, Prakash Singh Badal, Solomon Tesfamariam
{"title":"Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Post-Tensioned Timber Building Fitted with Dissipative Bracing System","authors":"Ikenna Odikamnoro, Prakash Singh Badal, Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0257","url":null,"abstract":"A Post-tensioned (PT) timber building coupled with dissipative bracing systems is a sustainable seismic-resistant structural system. This system combines desirable qualities of self-centering, energy dissipation, and lightweight timber, which attracts lesser seismic force and contributes to a better resilient system. Despite significant advancement in the provision of these sustainable seismic-resistant timber-based structural archetypes, more study is required to derive a fuller knowledge of the behaviour of these innovative structural systems under a range of ground motion intensities and limited state capacities. Direct Displacement-based design, a performance-based design approach, is used for the design of this system, and performance assessment is carried out using nonlinear dynamic analysis. This study investigates the performance of the braced PT frame under different limit state considerations using ground motion records consistent with the NBC 2020 seismic hazard.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"254 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ductility-related seismic modification factor for CLT shear-wall and Glulam moment-resisting frame dual system CLT 剪力墙和胶合木矩形抗力框架双系统的延性相关地震修正系数
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0284
Biniam Tekle Teweldebrhan, Solomon Tesfamariam
{"title":"Ductility-related seismic modification factor for CLT shear-wall and Glulam moment-resisting frame dual system","authors":"Biniam Tekle Teweldebrhan, Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0284","url":null,"abstract":"The cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear-wall and glulam moment-resisting frame (CLTW-GMRF) dual system is a recently completed research prepared for the British Columbia (BC) Forestry Innovation Investment Ltd. With the introduction of new structural systems, the need to update existing building code becomes evident. Accordingly, this study evaluates the ductility-related force modification factor ($R_d$) of the CLTW-GMRF system for the National Building Code of Canada, utilizing the FEMA P-695 procedure. In two performance groups, sixteen archetype buildings are designed considering different building storey heights, CLT shear-wall locations, and wall-frame moment proportions. Numerical model of the systems is developed in OpenSees and incremental dynamic analyses are conducted using 30 bi-directional ground motion records that represent the seismicity of Vancouver, BC - Canada. Collapse margin ratios are calculated to assess the adequacy of the trial $R_d$ factors. The research determined that with an over-strength factor of 1.5, an $R_d$ of 3 is found to be acceptable for the system.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the low-temperature performance of MPP-modified asphalt binders and mixtures using wet method 利用湿法探索 MPP 改性沥青粘结剂和混合料的低温性能
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0306
Ali Qabur, H. Baaj, M. El-Hakim
{"title":"Exploring the low-temperature performance of MPP-modified asphalt binders and mixtures using wet method","authors":"Ali Qabur, H. Baaj, M. El-Hakim","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0306","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal cracking significantly impacts the structural integrity of flexible pavements, particularly in colder regions like Canada. Limited studies investigated the impact of plastic modification of asphalt binders and mixtures using the wet method on the low-temperature performance of asphalt materials. The plastic material utilized in this project is multilayer plastic packaging (MPP). This study aims to determine whether MPP can be integrated to enhance the performance of the MPP-modified binder and MPP-modified mixtures, especially considering that MPP accounts for just over 40% of total plastic usage, making it the largest end-use market segment. This research evaluates the impact on rheological and mechanical behaviour when introducing MPP additives to conventional hot mix asphalt. This study used the wet method to test MPP-modified asphalt materials at 2%, 4%, and 8% (by weight of the asphalt binder). Test results demonstrate that the MPP modification percentage should ideally not exceed 2% as blends with 4% MPP or higher exhibited lower performance at low temperatures. The use of a softer binder as a base binder would help increase the MPP modification rates, but this hypothesis needs to be validated experimentally.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Framework for the design of seismically isolated National Building Code of Canada Part 9 structures 加拿大国家建筑规范》第 9 部分隔震结构设计框架
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0126
Nolan Stratton, Hamed Amini Tehrani, Rajeev Ruparathna, N. V. Van Engelen
{"title":"Framework for the design of seismically isolated National Building Code of Canada Part 9 structures","authors":"Nolan Stratton, Hamed Amini Tehrani, Rajeev Ruparathna, N. V. Van Engelen","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0126","url":null,"abstract":"In Canada, most single-family wood-frame residential structures in seismically hazardous regions are constructed according to Part 9 of Division B of the National Building Code (or similar provincial standards) using nonengineering methods. These structures are expected to perform well during an earthquake regarding life safety but may sustain severe economic losses. Seismic isolation is an emerging technology that provides excellent life safety and economic performance. While this technology has proven effective at protecting structures from earthquakes, no nonengineering methodologies exist that are compatible with Part 9 methods. This limitation produces significant testing, design, and cost barriers that restrict the application of base isolation on vulnerable Part 9 structures. To eliminate or reduce these cost barriers, a program framework was developed to perform the engineering seismic design and analysis for a base-isolated Part 9 single-family residential structure. The proposed methodology further encourages the application of seismic isolation to Part 9 structures.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bracing requirements and design for a single column considering semi-rigid connections and initial curvature 考虑半刚性连接和初始曲率的单柱支撑要求和设计
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0161
Linbo Zhang, Lei Xu
{"title":"Bracing requirements and design for a single column considering semi-rigid connections and initial curvature","authors":"Linbo Zhang, Lei Xu","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0161","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bracing has been widely recognized as an effective technique to increase the strength of columns by reducing their effective length. This paper presents an assessment of the bracing requirements for a semi-rigidly connected column, which is laterally braced at the mid-height. By utilizing the proposed half-length column model, the effects of column stiffness and initial curvature on the brace strength and stiffness requirements are investigated. The results indicate that the column's initial curvature coefficient increases with a higher applied load but decreases with increased column end connection stiffness. The required brace stiffness requirement stipulated in AISC 360-16 should be increased when considering effect of column's initial curvature. Following the design concepts of AISC 360-16 and CSA S16-19, equations for assessing the bracing requirements for a semi-rigidly connected column are proposed. These equations are validated against the finite element analysis results, demonstrating their ability to accurately assess the bracing requirements for semi-rigidly connected columns. These equations can be adopted in current engineering practice","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"32 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of tannery sludge additions on physico-mechanical properties of clay bricks 评估制革污泥添加量对粘土砖物理机械性能的影响
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0241
Venkatesh G, Krishnaiah S, R. G
{"title":"Assessment of tannery sludge additions on physico-mechanical properties of clay bricks","authors":"Venkatesh G, Krishnaiah S, R. G","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0241","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the partial replacement of clay by the addition of tannery sludge(TS) and glass in brick preparation. Bricks were prepared with varying weight percentages of TS(9%,18%,and 27%) along with glass powder(10%) and fired at different temperatures (900°C,950°C,and 1000°C). Water absorption, compressive strength, weight loss on ignition, volumetric shrinkage and bulk density of the bricks were found to be in the range of 12.3-16.8%, 2.3-4.5MPa, 4-13.8%, 6-11%, and 1600-1850kg/m3 respectively. Heavy metals leaching were observed to be within the limits of USEPA1311 for the prepared bricks. The addition of TS resulted in the decrease of physical and mechanical properties of the bricks due to the decomposition of organic and inorganic compounds. However, the presence of glass powder compensates the effect of TS by fusion and densification process. The results indicate hybrid addition of TS and glass can partially replace clay in brick production and effectively immobilize heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Modelling Parameters for Performance-Based Seismic Evaluation of Existing Wood Light-Frame Buildings in Canada 加拿大现有轻型木结构建筑基于性能的抗震评估非线性建模参数
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1139/cjce-2023-0289
G. Doudak, Antoine Bérubé, Esmaeil Morshedi, Reza Fathi-Fazl, F. Fazileh, Zhen Cai
{"title":"Nonlinear Modelling Parameters for Performance-Based Seismic Evaluation of Existing Wood Light-Frame Buildings in Canada","authors":"G. Doudak, Antoine Bérubé, Esmaeil Morshedi, Reza Fathi-Fazl, F. Fazileh, Zhen Cai","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2023-0289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0289","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical behaviour of wood light-frame shearwalls is difficult to explain unless system-level performance is taken into account. Although the behaviour of wood light-frame shearwalls with wood structural panels is consistent with and represented by the behaviour of the panel to framing nail joints, comprehensive seismic evaluation guidelines for Canadian practice are currently lacking. This paper presents a critical review of the available literature on performance-based seismic evaluation of wood light-frame buildings through nonlinear analysis approach. To verify the applicability of these standards in Canada, the procedure outlined in these documents are compared to available experimental testing. Nonlinear pushover analysis is performed on two representative wood light-frame buildings in Montréal and Vancouver. Results are compared, and further discussion is provided on the adequacy of each document to Canadian practice.","PeriodicalId":9414,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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