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[The role of PET/CT in the central nervous system tumours]. [PET/CT 在中枢神经系统肿瘤中的作用]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Epub Date: 2023-10-06
Péter Szabó
{"title":"[The role of PET/CT in the central nervous system tumours].","authors":"Péter Szabó","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The appearance of hybrid imaging, including PET/CT has been a huge milestone not only in the development of nuclear medicine but of the whole medical imaging. The examination with 18F-FDG, the most frequently used radiopharmaceutical has become for now one of the most important diagnostic tools in oncological patient care, applied with numerous indication goals. However, the depiction of central nervous system malignancies, especially those of the brain, with FDG PET has limitations due to high cerebral background activity, it can be used primarily in lymphoma cases. To evaluate gliomas and brain metastases, amino acid tracers (11C-methionine, 18F-DOPA and 18F-FET) gained ground, which reflect other biological processes compared to that of FDG. Upon multiplying of evidences their usage is becoming more and more diverse, from the primary assessment of brain tumours (benign vs. malignant), through their grading and evaluation of posttherapeutical viability/recurrence, up to the radiotherapy planning. This paper reviews all of these in more details, mentioning shortly the prospects and challenges of the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 4","pages":"321-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Classical pathology and basic concepts of the current WHO classification (5th edition) of central nervous system tumors]. [当前世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类（第五版）的经典病理学和基本概念]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Epub Date: 2023-11-28
Bálint Scheich, Hajnalka Rajnai
{"title":"[Classical pathology and basic concepts of the current WHO classification (5th edition) of central nervous system tumors].","authors":"Bálint Scheich, Hajnalka Rajnai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable changes were introduced into the 5th World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, published in 2021, including new entities, a clearer classification of previous categories, correlating better with clinical behavior and changes in nomenclature. The number of definitions based on molecular features in addition to histopathology continued to increase. Here, we highlight the basic principles of the 5th CNS WHO classification and discuss glial, glioneuronal, neuronal, choroid plexus, embryonal and pineal tumors, as well as meningiomas in more details. We pay special attention to new entities as well as altered criteria and designations. Our primary goal is to present the \"classical\" pathological aspects, but the inseparable molecular pathological features are also briefly discussed, to the absolutely necessary extent for comprehension. We aim to provide a guideline to understand the modern classification of CNS tumors for practitioners of neuro-oncology and neuropathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 4","pages":"289-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The epidemiology of primary brain malignancies]. [原发性脑恶性肿瘤的流行病学]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Epub Date: 2023-10-18
István Kenessey, Attila Patócs, Mária Dobozi, Péter Nagy, Csaba Polgár
{"title":"[The epidemiology of primary brain malignancies].","authors":"István Kenessey, Attila Patócs, Mária Dobozi, Péter Nagy, Csaba Polgár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of central nervous system malignancies is relatively low; however, these tumors exhibit poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. On epidemiological grounds, Hungary was placed in the last third among European countries: in the last decade annually 750 to 1000 new cases were diagnosed and the number of deaths was between 550 and 690, without any apparent trends. Age distribution analyses revealed childhood peak and a higher peak at around 65 years of age. Histologically, heterogeneity was apparent, but at least half of the cases were glioblastomas. The exact etiology of adulthood brain tumors is mostly unknown. Among environmental exposures the effect of ionizing radiation was confirmed, the identification of other potential risk factors requires further examinations. 7-10 percent of brain tumors were hereditary tumor syndromes (Li-Fraumeni, neurofibromatosis, sclerosis tuberosa, von Hippel-Lindau, Gorlin- Goltz). Therefore, genetic testing is recommended for families where the diagnosis of brain tumor is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 4","pages":"279-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Increased activity of inflammation-related signaling pathways in anthracycline- paclitaxel resistant breast carcinomas]. [蒽环类-紫杉醇耐药乳腺癌中炎症相关信号通路活性增加]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-09-07
Otília Menyhárt, Tibor János Fekete, Balázs Győrffy
{"title":"[Increased activity of inflammation-related signaling pathways in anthracycline- paclitaxel resistant breast carcinomas].","authors":"Otília Menyhárt,&nbsp;Tibor János Fekete,&nbsp;Balázs Győrffy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A frequently recommended systemic therapy for breast cancer involves a combination of anthracyclines and taxanes, however, approximately 30% of patients experience recurrence. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to anthracycline-paclitaxel based treatment by analyzing gene expression patterns in tumor samples collected during surgery and subsequent therapeutic responses. A database of 187 patients with information about relapse-free survival (RFS) allowed the analysis of 10,017 genes. Patients were divided into responders and nonresponders based on whether relapse occurred within sixty months. The expression of each gene was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test, with a statistical significance set at p <0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥1.44. We identified 51 up-regulated genes among nonresponders, primarily associated with inflammatory processes and the innate immune response. The high expression of SLC7A5, encoding an amino acid transporter, was linked to worse overall survival (p = 2.3E-10), with elevated expression in tumors (p = 2.94E-20), and further increase in metastases (p = 1.33E-10). Our results emphasize the significance of tumor microenvironment and metabolism in therapy resistance. These findings may allow better patient classification and identification of relevant treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41166221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Electromagnetic procedures in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: eminent or resentful?] [电磁程序在胰腺癌治疗中的应用：杰出还是令人反感？］
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-09-10
Magdolna Dank, Magdolna Herold, Márton Tamás Garay, József Gajdácsi, Zoltán Herold, Marcell Attila Szász
{"title":"[Electromagnetic procedures in the treatment of pancreatic cancer: eminent or resentful?]","authors":"Magdolna Dank, Magdolna Herold, Márton Tamás Garay, József Gajdácsi, Zoltán Herold, Marcell Attila Szász","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of advanced-stage pancreatic cancers is limited. Previous studies have found that the use of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is beneficial in this patient population. However, there is no data on the optimal treatment number and initiation period. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted with the inclusion of 96 mEHT-treated and 86 age- and sex-matched control pancreatic cancer patients. 76, 57, 38 and 33 patient pairs were enrolled into propensity score matched cohorts, whether they received at least 10, 20, 30 and 40 mEHT treatments, respectively. The survival of patients with at least 30 (HR: 0.5011; p = 0.0041) and 40 (HR: 0.5048; p = 0.0085) mEHT treatments was significantly longer, median survival was almost twice as long (10 vs. 18 months). The introduction of mEHT had the greatest benefit in the first (HR: 0.5382; p = 0.0056) and second (HR: 0.7861; p = 0.0031) 6 months after diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140133676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Effects of 3D tissue structure on drug sensitivity - 3D bioprinted tissue mimetic structures in cancer research]. 【3D组织结构对药物敏感性的影响——癌症研究中的3D生物打印组织模拟结构】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-09-05
Dorottya Moldvai, Dániel Sztankovics, Titanilla Dankó, Fatime Szalai, Risa Miyaura, Gábor Petővári, Ildikó Krencz, Rebeka Gelencsér, Anna Sebestyén
{"title":"[Effects of 3D tissue structure on drug sensitivity - 3D bioprinted tissue mimetic structures in cancer research].","authors":"Dorottya Moldvai,&nbsp;Dániel Sztankovics,&nbsp;Titanilla Dankó,&nbsp;Fatime Szalai,&nbsp;Risa Miyaura,&nbsp;Gábor Petővári,&nbsp;Ildikó Krencz,&nbsp;Rebeka Gelencsér,&nbsp;Anna Sebestyén","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The issues surrounding the cost effectiveness of drug development and the ethical concerns associated with animal testing, emphasise the necessity for innovative in vitro models that allow enhanced pre-selection. Therefore, we aim to create 3D bioprinted tissue mimetic structures (TMS) utilizing various human cancer cell lines. We have generated TMSs from human tumour cell lines (breast, kidney, glioma), with detailed characterisation of the ZR75.1 cell line. In this study, the tissue heterogeneity, the growth rate, and the drug sensitivity of different in vitro and in vivo models were compared. Tissue formation occurs within the TMS after one week, with a tissue heterogeneity similar to in vivo growing tumours. Moreover, TMSs exhibit similar drug sensitivity to that observed in vivo. In summary, the established 3D bioprinted TMSs represent an advanced in vitro model, which can contribute to achieve a more effective and ethical drug development process in the field of oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Small cell lung cancer heterogeneity and molecular subtypes: biological and clinical relevance]. [小细胞肺癌癌症异质性和分子亚型：生物学和临床相关性]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-08-25
Judit Berta, Bence Ferencz, Lilla Horváth, János Fillinger, András Lantos, Krisztina Bogos, Ferenc Rényi-Vámos, Zsolt Megyesfalvi, Balázs Döme
{"title":"[Small cell lung cancer heterogeneity and molecular subtypes: biological and clinical relevance].","authors":"Judit Berta,&nbsp;Bence Ferencz,&nbsp;Lilla Horváth,&nbsp;János Fillinger,&nbsp;András Lantos,&nbsp;Krisztina Bogos,&nbsp;Ferenc Rényi-Vámos,&nbsp;Zsolt Megyesfalvi,&nbsp;Balázs Döme","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterised by genomic instability and early metastatic spread. Patients are typically diagnosed at advanced disease stage, when platinum-based chemotherapy with immunotherapy represents the standard therapeutic approach. The role of radiotherapy with concomitant systemic therapy is also well established in the management of SCLC patients. Although these therapeutic approaches are initially effective, most patients rapidly develop resistance. This clearly highlights the need to improve therapeutic efficacy and broaden the scope of current therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in the study of this disease, once considered homogeneous, have led to a new model of the SCLC classification scheme based on the relative expression of certain transcriptional regulators and inflammatory characteristics. New biological insights into the molecular subtypes of SCLC could lead to the implementation of subtype-specific therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarise our key findings concerning the biological and clinical relevance of SCLC molecular subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41159364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[he importance of mTOR hyperactivity and RICTOR amplification, and the associated targeted therapy possibilities in malignant tumours]. 【mTOR过度活跃和RICTOR扩增的重要性，以及恶性肿瘤中相关的靶向治疗可能性】。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-09-13
Fatime Szalai, Ildikó Krencz, Dorottya Moldvai, Gábor Petővári, Titanilla Dankó, Noémi Nagy, Gergő Papp, Judit Pápay, Anna Sebestyén, Dániel Sztankovics
{"title":"[he importance of mTOR hyperactivity and RICTOR amplification, and the associated targeted therapy possibilities in malignant tumours].","authors":"Fatime Szalai,&nbsp;Ildikó Krencz,&nbsp;Dorottya Moldvai,&nbsp;Gábor Petővári,&nbsp;Titanilla Dankó,&nbsp;Noémi Nagy,&nbsp;Gergő Papp,&nbsp;Judit Pápay,&nbsp;Anna Sebestyén,&nbsp;Dániel Sztankovics","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Failures of anti-tumour therapies and drug resistance initiate difficulties in cancer treatments often caused by alterations in signalling network activity, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR hyperactivity due to oncogenic mutations. In this review, we summarise the relevance of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) dysregulation identified decades ago, which is now known to be characteristic of many tumours. In this context, we present differences in activity, function and testability of mTOR kinase complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) differing in structure, regulatory mechanisms and inhibitor sensitivity. We highlight that genetic alterations, including RICTOR amplification and associated mTOR hyperactivity, are relevant in targeted therapy development. It is recommended to investigate mTOR profile activity in patients for whom mTOR inhibitor therapies are considered since the current first-generation mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and analogues) may be ineffective in case of mTORC2 hyperactivity. Ongoing phase trials of new inhibitors and combination therapies are promising in advanced stage patients selected by molecular markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Surgery of peritoneal surface malignancies - surgical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy]. [腹膜表面恶性肿瘤的外科手术-外科细胞减少和腹膜内热疗化疗]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-09-12
Gergely Huszty, László Bihari, László Gráf, Attila Szijártó, Szabolcs Máté
{"title":"[Surgery of peritoneal surface malignancies - surgical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy].","authors":"Gergely Huszty,&nbsp;László Bihari,&nbsp;László Gráf,&nbsp;Attila Szijártó,&nbsp;Szabolcs Máté","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritoneal carcinosis has historically been considered as inoperable, although the technique of its resesection together with high dose intraperitoneal chemotherapy potentiated by heat has been described decades ago. It has not became a widely practiced routine except in specialized centers - the complex technique, weakly standardized but resource demanding chemotherapy, lacking financial background and the many times questionable clinical benefit at a cost of high surgical load might have been the key factors. Refined technology, developing chemotherapy protocols together with growing clinical evidence are now more sharply delineating the range of indications where the procedure might be beneficial, increases survival, or is the only curative therapy. These include tumors of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei, mesothelioma, and selected cases of ovarian, colorectal and gastric cancer. In addition to technical description of the intervention, we summarize the currently valid indications and describe our institutional protocol for the treatment of appendiceal malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Potential role of type I interferon in the genetic progression of melanoma]. [I 型干扰素在黑色素瘤遗传进展中的潜在作用]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Epub Date: 2023-08-18
Laura Vízkeleti, Andrea Ladányi, Orsolya Papp, Viktória Doma, Sarolta Kárpáti, Erzsébet Rásó, Tamás Barbai, József Tímár
{"title":"[Potential role of type I interferon in the genetic progression of melanoma].","authors":"Laura Vízkeleti, Andrea Ladányi, Orsolya Papp, Viktória Doma, Sarolta Kárpáti, Erzsébet Rásó, Tamás Barbai, József Tímár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have followed the genomic progression of cutaneous melanoma in visceral metastases using genome-wide copy number analysis. We have detected an increased chromosomal instability due to the loss of several DNA repair genes. Furthermore, we found co-amplifications of HGF and MET genes in metastases. The most interesting finding was gene amplifications of several, mostly IFN-regulated immune cell genes in lung metastases. Next we have defined a type I IFN resistance gene expression signature (GES) using human cell lines, several elements of which were proved to be stable in vitro and in vivo as well. The components of this GES have been detected in TCGA as well as in publicly available datasets of immunotherapy-treated melanoma cases. In case of samples from previously IFN-treated melanoma cases we have identified treatment-specific genomic alterations (predominantly amplifications) which were most characteristic for brain metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"67 3","pages":"215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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