Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Storage of a Natural-Ingredient Diet within Variable Conditions of Temperature and Humidity.","authors":"Kristine Towns, Aidan Horvath, Amanda Darbyshire","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-006","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Institutions with aging structures may face difficulties maintaining consistent temperature and humidity for feed storage due to continued daily use of older heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems and maintenance of structural integrity since the environmental efficiency of buildings often reduces as structures age. Consequently, institutions can face difficult financial decisions regarding whether repairs or new structures should be considered when compliance with standards is inconsistent. Replacing running or currently functioning heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems that lack efficiency in comparison with newer systems is often not considered wise use of institutional resources. As this concern was faced and discussed during a recent campus AAALAC site visit to our institution, our IACUC requested additional information related to safe storage of feed in our current older buildings. Three test group environments of control/Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide)-recommended temperature/humidity, variable temperature/humidity, and high temperature/Guide-recommended humidity were used to store feed for a total of 6 mo. Full feed analysis, retinol levels, thiamine levels, and mold/yeast levels were evaluated at 0, 3, and 6 mo following storage. Study findings demonstrated that the nutritional content for feed remained relatively equivalent across the timespan as well as across the different storage conditions. More importantly, all storage conditions showed no increases in yeast/mold growth and acceptable levels of both thiamine and retinol at 6 mo. Our findings suggest that the diet tested was still usable for feeding animals after storage in the tested conditions that fall outside of Guide parameters and that other institutions may consider feed stability evaluation when addressing challenges with maintaining Guide parameters in feed storage spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Comparative Transcriptomics and Histology to Identify Significant Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Retained Placenta in Humans and Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).","authors":"Sona Jasani, Athmika Vaseeharan, Anamika Singh, Erik Washburn, Melissa Stovall, Hannah Atkins, Danielle Covington","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-007","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retained placenta is an important reproductive complication that affects humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Accurate prediction of retained placenta in both species is a current challenge because the etiology is unknown, biomarkers are inadequate, and data are heterogeneous. Through a comparative approach, this study identifies 34 significantly differentially expressed genes associated with retained placenta shared between humans and NHPs. Pathway enrichment revealed upregulation in innate and adaptive immunity in addition to pathways related to hemostasis. Retained placentas in NHPs had higher histologic evidence of inflammation as compared with human samples. These cross-species transcriptional results can serve as an initial step to guide NHP refinement as a model system and inform retained placenta biomarker discovery in both humans and NHPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dietary Restriction on Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus).","authors":"Iiris H E Kasanen, Katja J Inhilä, Timo O Nevalainen, Mika Scheinin, Eriika Savontaus","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-138","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory rats are most often fed ad libitum (AL), but dietary restriction (DR) is commonly used to provide appropriate experimental designs. The current methods of DR have shortcomings; animals are often subjected to social isolation, periods of fasting, and disturbed diurnal eating rhythms. The diet board was developed to solve these problems. The diet board offers the possibility of combining group housing with moderate DR without disturbing diurnal eating rhythms or subjecting animals to periods of fasting. In this study, the diet board's validity as a DR method was investigated by assessing possible endocrine effects associated with the previously observed decreases in weight gain and adiposity. Male Wistar rats (n = 30/group) were housed in groups of 3 and fed either with the diet board or AL over a 10-wk study period. Serum ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations and liver triglyceride content and their variance were measured at the end of the study. The diet board showed no reduction potential in energy metabolism parameters. In the serum levels of the adiposity-related hormones leptin, insulin, and adiponectin or liver triglycerides, no statistically significant differences were found. In contrast, levels of ghrelin were significantly lower in the DR rats compared with the controls. In conclusion, diet board feeding induces mild hormonal compensatory changes, thus offering an alternative method of moderate DR in group-housed rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonography as an Early Evaluation Tool for Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus).","authors":"Etiele Maldonado Gomes, Dimas Dal Magro Ribeiro, Endreo Alan Pail Dos Santos, Luiza Pitta Pinheiro Collares, Luiz Alberto Júnior Bazzan, Ingrid Rios Lima Machado, Marilia Teresa Oliveira, Maria Ligia de Arruda Mestieri","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the potential utility of ultrasound in identifying and evaluating early changes in hyaline cartilage during the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. To this end, the cartilages of the medial and lateral femoral condyles of the left and right hindlimbs of 42 male Wistar rats were evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound. The evaluations were carried out at 2 different times: prior to induction of osteoarthritis (US0) and 30 d after surgical rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (US1) in the left stifle. The right stifle was considered the untreated control joint. Three regions of interest were measured in each cartilage, and the average value obtained was used for statistical comparison. Furthermore, ultrasound images of the left hindlimb were evaluated for the presence of changes in its structure. Cartilages of the left hindlimbs showed a significant increase in measurements obtained at US1 when compared with US0 measurements. On the other hand, the cartilages of the right hindlimbs, used as controla, did not show changes in thickness. Also, in US1, 109 of 168 structural changes, such as loss of hypoechoic characteristic, irregularity in the superficial edge of the cartilage, loss of surface sharpness, and subchondral bone irregularity, were observed in the cartilages of the left medial femoral condyle and 103 of 168 in the lateral cartilages. Therefore, the present findings corroborate the potential utility of high-frequency ultrasound evaluation for detecting and quantifying initial lesions in hyaline cartilage resulting from osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance on Establishing Health Monitoring Panels for Laboratory Mice to Reflect Contemporary Pathogen Prevalence.","authors":"Wai H Hanson, Brianne M Hibl, Christopher A Manuel, Christina Pettan-Brewer, Lise Phaneuf, Kerith R Luchins","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-134","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"64 3","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcinosis Circumscripta with Iron Mineralization in an African Green Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).","authors":"Jiashi Feng, Georgios Paraschou, Amy Beierschmitt, Regina T Kemper, Pompei Bolfa","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 19-y-old, colony-born, female African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) presented for recurrent swelling measuring 11 × 5 × 4 cm on the right thigh, around the stifle, which started 5 y previous, resulting in lameness. The affected area had alopecia and crusting and felt lobulated on palpation. Radiographic evaluation revealed multiple foci of well-circumscribed, soft-tissue mineralization within the subcutis and underlying muscles. The monkey was euthanized due to poor quality of life. Postmortem exam demonstrated a yellow-to-red, friable, crepitant, nonencapsulated multilobulated mass, infiltrating skeletal muscles of the right thigh and containing multiple white hard spicules. Microscopic examination revealed abundant irregular-to-globoid amphophilic material (mineralization) in the subcutis and skeletal muscle. The mineralization was surrounded by extensive fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), lymphocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Histochemical staining, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy determined the mineral material to be composed of calcium phosphate and small amounts of collocated iron. The findings were most consistent with a diagnosis of calcinosis circumscripta (sometimes referred to as tumoral calcinosis). Calcinosis circumscripta in African green monkeys has not previously been reported, although this condition has been reported in rhesus macaques, a common marmoset, and a cynomolgus macaque. The cause of iron mineralization in this case was unknown, and its occurrence within calcinosis lesions has not been previously documented.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization, and Epizootiology of Clostridioides cuniculi from Immunodeficient Mice with Enteric Disease.","authors":"Amy Funk, Ashley Crawford, Kourtney Nickerson, Laura Janke, Taylor Stringer, Yilun Sun, Ashley Marsh, Madoka Inoue, Chandra Savage, Joseph Emmons, Kenneth Henderson, Li Tang, Harshan Pisharath","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-030","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mouse strains deficient in adaptive and innate immune functions, such as NSG, NSG-SGM3, and NBSGW, are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Over a period of 7 mo, 1,193 mice from the above 3 strains in an SPF barrier were observed with mild loose stool (LS). Affected mice had minimal weight loss and mortality. Histopathology revealed erosion of the jejunal villi with neutrophilic inflammation and Gram-positive bacterial rods adhering to the cecal mucosa with varying degrees of mucosal hyperplasia, epithelial vacuolation, and apoptosis. Anaerobic culture revealed a clostridial species that could not be speciated using standard biochemical phenotyping. Further, Clostridioides difficle and Clostridioides perfringens ELISA on intestinal contents were negative for toxins. We performed a challenge study by exposing naïve NSG mice to dirty bedding from affected cages; metagenomics on pre- and postchallenge feces identified and associated the etiopathogenesis to Clostridioides cuniculi. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of C. cuniculi. The isolate was sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). TMS was effective in abrogating signs of LS and clearing infection in mice in studies. A probe-based real-time PCR specific for C. cuniculi was established. This assay was used to screen environmental and fomite contamination and potential use in rack-level screening. We traced the source of the outbreak to a NBSGW breeding colony. However, in our observation, spontaneous C. cuniculi-induced disease was only seen in the presence of an irradiated diet in the breeding NBSGW strain and not in the breeding colonies of NSG or NSG-SGM3 strains. Interestingly, we observed that exposure to infected feces from NBSGW-induced LS in both NSG and NSG-SGM3 mice. This investigation provides insights into the etiopathogenesis and probable source of sporadic clostridial infections in immunodeficient mice and lays the groundwork for its prevention and surveillance in immunodeficient mouse colonies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Individually Ventilated Cage (IVC) Microenvironments During 21-d Cage Change Frequency for Mice Using Two Different Bedding Types.","authors":"Jessica L Felgenhauer, Joanna N Copio, Afra M Suri, Rebecca Turcios, Allison M Ostdiek, George P Langan, Kerith R Luchins","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-101","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides recommendations on sanitation frequencies for rodent caging equipment; however, it allows for performance standards to be used when extending this frequency for individually ventilated cage (IVC) caging. Our institution wanted to reexamine our current standards of care for mouse IVC caging, which includes a 14-d cage bottom and bedding change as well as the use of corncob bedding. This was driven by desire to reduce the stress to mice associated with cage change, and by recent literature showing a potential improved absorbency and multiple health and welfare benefits of paper pulp cellulose bedding products. Therefore, this study sought to compare the impact of different rodent bedding types (paper pulp cellulose and corncob) on mouse IVC microenvironmental parameters over a 14-d compared with a 21-d cage change frequency. Ammonia levels, temperature, humidity, urine latrine size, and the overall animal condition were assessed throughout the 21-d period. Our data indicate that IVC cage bottom and bedding change can be extended to 21 d for either paper pulp cellulose or corncob bedding based on ammonia levels, temperature, humidity, and the animal's overall condition. However, based on early cage change criteria, more frequent cage changes may be warranted before 21 d in cages with corncob, as there was a significantly increased urine latrine size in cages with corncob bedding compared with paper pulp cellulose bedding.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"64 2","pages":"259-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement in Adult Female C57BL/6NCrl Mice: A Comparison with Rectal Probe and Subcutaneous Transponder.","authors":"Kerstin Fiebig, Thomas Jourdan, Martin Kock, Karolina Krehl, Roswitha Merle, Christa Thöne-Reineke","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000114","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body temperature is an easily measured clinical parameter that provides important information about an animal's health and welfare. In the context of animal experiments, temperature monitoring provides relevant data needed to manage animal care and has been embraced as a means of assessing humane endpoints. At the same time, temperature measurement in the sense of the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction) should not cause any additional pain or distress to the animals. Therefore, the use of noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective methods for temperature monitoring is of great importance in research laboratories. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and consistency of different temperature measurement methods in black-haired C57BL/6NCrl mice. Body surface temperature measured by noninvasive infrared thermography was compared with established methods: subcutaneous and rectal temperature measurements. The study was conducted on 50 adult female mice, and measurements were taken for 5 d. Temperatures were measured using previously implanted subcutaneous temperature transponders, followed by infrared thermometry and rectal probes. The analyzed data showed that mouse temperature measurement using an infrared camera is an adequate method for noncontact and noninvasive temperature assessment in female C57BL/6NCrl mice and promotes laboratory animal welfare refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"64 1","pages":"120-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Uncaria gambir Roxb. in Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats.","authors":"Indah Fajarwati, Dedy D Solihin, Tutik Wresdiyati, Irmanida Batubara, Sela S Mariya","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-117","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antidiabetic properties of Uncaria gambir are not yet fully understood, particularly concerning how it affects diabetic animal models. Further investigation in this aspect is pivotal before initiating clinical evaluations. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of U. gambir and how it influences blood glucose levels in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, 28 rats were divided into 7 groups. The groups were as follows: a nondiabetic rat group, a nondiabetic rat group given U. gambir, a diabetic rat group, a diabetic rat group given glibenclamide, and 3 diabetic rat groups given U. gambir at 3 doses (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) given by intraperitoneal injection. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly, and the animals were euthanized at the end of the experiment. Intracardiac blood and tissues such as the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle were collected for further analysis. The results showed that administering U. gambir to diabetic rats resulted in significantly lower blood glucose levels than untreated diabetic rats. U. gambir has a complex mechanism to reduce blood glucose levels. including increase of insulin production, preservation of the islets and pancreatic β cells, and optimization of glycogenesis, as reflected in a significant increase in liver glycogen levels. These findings suggest that U. gambir's multicompound and multitarget capabilities in controlling blood glucose levels may have utility for treatment of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"64 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143545427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}