Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS最新文献

{"title":"Survey Results on the Awareness of Laboratory Animal Welfare among Medical Graduate Students.","authors":"Jin Li, Lingling Liang, Hua Huang, Bin Pan, Yi Pan, Zhuoliang Liu, Yi Pang, Xueping Feng","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000013","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical graduate students regarding laboratory animal welfare, a survey was conducted on 288 medical graduate students from the 2019 to 2023 cohorts through the final exam of the compulsory course 'Medical Laboratory Animal Science.' The survey included both closed and open-ended questions. We calculated the awareness rate from the cumulative student score/maximum score based on the questions and scoring rubrics. We found that medical graduate students showed relatively low awareness of laboratory animal welfare and limited understanding of related knowledge. There were shortcomings in theoretical knowledge and practical experience related to laboratory animals' welfare and ethical aspects of laboratory animal care and use. Students in basic medical disciplines demonstrated slightly better awareness of laboratory animal welfare than those in other disciplines. In addition, female students exhibited a higher awareness of laboratory animal welfare than male students. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the awareness of the importance of laboratory animal welfare among medical graduate students, but a decrease in awareness was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a need exists for strengthening education on laboratory animal welfare in medical schools to enhance students' awareness. It is suggested that school-specific expectations with respect to the replacement, reduction, and refinement principles be established to balance the needs of medical research and laboratory animal welfare, as a way to ensure the ethical considerations and the smooth progress of medical research are both met.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"63 6","pages":"636-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corynebacterium bovis Growth in Tissue Culture Conditions and Media.","authors":"Alyssa M Kleymann, Nicholas A Zawadzki, Derek L Fong, Michael K Fink, Lauren M Habenicht, Jori K Leszczynski, Steven M Anderson, Michael J Schurr, Christopher A Manuel","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-050","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A common concern in preclinical cancer research is the introduction of Corynebacterium bovis into immunodeficient mouse colonies through cancer cell lines. C. bovis is a known contaminant of patient-derived xenograft tumors passaged horizontally between immunodeficient mice. However, it is unclear if C. bovis can grow in mammalian tissue culture conditions or tissue culture media. We hypothesized that C. bovis would not grow under tissue culture conditions or media, diminishing the risk of transmission from tumor cell lines cultured in vitro. Three C. bovis isolates, CUAMC1, HAC, and ATCC-7715, were used to test our hypothesis in 3 of the most common media used to grow human cancer cell lines including RPMI 1640 + 10% FBS (RPMI), DMEM/high glucose + 10% FBS (DMEM), and DMEM/F-12 + 10% FBS (DMEM/F12). Our results confirmed propagation of each C. bovis isolate in DMEM/F12 media under tissue culture conditions after 72 h. However, these results also demonstrate diminished viability of each C. bovis isolate in RPMI and DMEM after 72 h. To assess whether antibiotics could halt the growth of C. bovis under tissue culture conditions in DMEM/F12, penicillin-streptomycin (pen/strep) was added to the experimental media. This treatment was effective in eliminating all viable C. bovis in the culture system after 72 h. Our data suggest that C. bovis growth under tissue culture conditions is possible and growth in tissue culture media is nuanced. These results highlight the importance of pathogen surveillance for tumor cell lines propagated in vitro and demonstrate the need for further investigation into C. bovis growth requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on the Activity Levels of Yucatan Mini-Swine (Sus scrofa domesticus).","authors":"Natasha E Barton, Jacob E Ref, Kyle E Cook, Ann L Baldwin, Sherry L Daugherty, Talal Moukabary, Adrian Grijalva, Saki Kazui, Pouria Mostafizi, Grace F Davis-Gorman, Jordan J Lancaster, Jen W Koevary, Steven Goldman","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000017","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-000017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, unexpected activity patterns emerged among Yucatan mini-swine models for heart failure and atrial fibrillation. As part of our laboratory research, we tracked activity data by FitBark™ collars that the Yucatan mini-swine wore. Previously, staff engaged with the swine daily, such as applying lotion and conducting 6-min treadmill runs. However, pandemic restrictions reduced interaction to 1 or 2 times a week, often for less than 10 min each session. Contrary to expectations, there was a significant increase in the swine's activity levels during these minimal interaction periods. After cleaning, moisturizing, weighing, and FitBark data collection, staff engaged with the swine through feeding and play. Three time frames were analyzed: prepandemic, pandemic, and reentry. Prepandemic and reentry periods involved daily 15-min interactions with 2 staff members per swine to maintain cleanliness and health. During the pandemic, interaction was reduced to 1 or 2 times weekly. The hours between 1000 and 1400 were designated as 'passive activity', representing the swines' isolated behavior, unaffected by staff interaction. The chronic heart failure swine (n = 3) had an average passive activity area under the curve prepandemic value of 47.23 ± 2.52 compared with pandemic 57.09 ± 2.90, pandemic 57.09 ± 2.90 compared with reentry 50.44 ± 1.61, and prepandemic compared with reentry. The atrial fibrillation swine (n = 3) had an average passive activity area under the curve minimal interaction (mimicking pandemic) value of 59.27 ± 6.67 compared with interaction (mimicking prepandemic or reentry) 37.63 ± 1.74. The heightened activity levels during minimal interaction suggest physiologic and psychologic changes in the animals due to reduced socialization. This highlights the importance of enrichment and interaction in research animals and underscores the broader impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research outcomes. These findings could also shed light on the effects of the pandemic on human behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"662-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Money, Mentorship, and Misinformation: Barriers and Facilitators to Veterinarians' Pursuit of Postdoctoral Training in Laboratory Animal Medicine.","authors":"Blythe H Philips, Jovannah Gerisma, Anila R Tynan, Tiffany L Whitcomb","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-051","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2015, it has become progressively more difficult for programs to recruit residents in laboratory animal medicine (LAM). Veterinarians are a necessary part of animal research, and having a shortage in veterinarians trained to work in this field has the potential to negatively impact research progress as well as animal welfare. With a goal to increase recruitment, we performed this study to better understand the barriers and facilitators that veterinarians experience when navigating the decision to pursue postdoctoral training in LAM. To do this, we recruited first-year LAM residents to participate in semistructured interviews, and performed thematic analysis on their responses. Key barriers included participants' awareness of perceived drawbacks of the field, inaccessibility of information about opportunities within the field, and misinformation about animal research both within the veterinary field and society at large. Key facilitators included participants' awareness of perceived benefits of the field, relationships with professionals involved in laboratory animal science, and formative predoctoral clinical experiences. Overall, we found evidence that information flow is particularly important in recruitment, suggesting that future recruitment strategies may want to target improved communication about LAM and animal research in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"623-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of an Acclimation Period for Swine in Biomedical Research.","authors":"Amanda R Maxwell, Natalie J Castell, Jacqueline K Brockhurst, Eric K Hutchinson, Jessica M Izzi","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-047","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Swine are widely used models in biomedical research due to their physiologic and anatomic similarities to humans. During transport from vendors to research facilities, pigs are subject to a number of stressors, including environmental, social, and stress as a result of deprivation from food and water. As stress can have a number of adverse psychologic and physiologic effects, an acclimation period, defined as the period of time that an animal has to adjust and stabilize in a new environment, is recommended. The literature indicates that swine should be conditioned to their new facility for 5 to 7 d prior to undergoing survival surgery; however, to date, there is no published scientific evidence to support this or any specific acclimation period for swine. To investigate whether a certain length acclimation period leads to decreased stress in swine, we measured 2 stress biomarkers, cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA), from the saliva of 12 naive Yorkshire swine (n = 6 males and 6 females) arriving at our facility for use in research protocols. Noninvasive saliva collection was performed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after arrival from the vendor (representing different acclimation periods). We hypothesized that longer acclimation periods would result in reduced levels of both cortisol and CgA, indicating reduced stress. Our data revealed that there was no statistical difference in cortisol levels over time (P = 0.8200), nor between the sexes (P = 0.9886) or individual animals (P = 0.6280). CgA, similarly to cortisol, showed no overall effect of time (P = 0.2017) or sex (P = 0.6598). For this analyte, individual animal was significant (P < 0.0001), which suggests high interanimal variation. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease (P = 0.0077) in salivary CgA from day 1 compared with day 14, suggesting that swine may benefit from an acclimation period of at least 14 d.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"651-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Disinfectants in Reducing Contamination of Bacterial and Viral Murine Pathogens on Gloved Hands.","authors":"Julia P Smachlo, Marcia L Hart, Michael D Evans, Brenda L Kick","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-038","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disinfectant application to gloved hands before handling SPF mice is standard practice to minimize transmission of pathogens and microbial contamination between cages. The risk of contamination with murine pathogens on gloves as well as the efficacy of disinfectant application for this step is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine if murine norovirus (MNV), Helicobacter spp., and Rodentibacter spp. are detectable on gloved hands and, if they are, to evaluate how effective the application of a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant (Rescue) or 70% ethanol is in reducing the transfer of these pathogens while handling multiple cages of mice. Mice with natural infections of these pathogens were handled without the application of any disinfectant and the gloves were swabbed for PCR testing. All pathogens were detected via PCR with Helicobacter spp. the most frequently transferred in 83% of the cages handled. The mice were then divided into 4 treatment groups based on the product applied to gloves before handling: Rescue, 70% ethanol, sterile water, and no product. Mice in each cage were briefly handled, and the gloves were swabbed with ATP swabs after each cage and swabs for PCR testing after handling 4 and 9 cages, consecutively. All pathogens were detected via PCR in all treatment groups, and neither Rescue nor 70% ethanol was superior to water or no product in reducing contamination. Rescue and 70% ethanol were effective in maintaining lower levels of organic microbial contamination than water and no product for consecutive handling of up to 3 and 4 cages of mice, respectively. This study indicates that exposure to MNV, Helicobacter spp., and Rodentibacter spp. from handling mice is a risk and the application of Rescue or 70% ethanol is not completely effective in eliminating transfer of these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":"63 6","pages":"644-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-Care Cardiac Troponin I Assay Evaluation in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Sarah M Ozawa, Kursten V Pierce, Andrea Thomson, Nina A Moiseiwitsch, Jazz Stephens, Jessie LeGrand, Ashley C Brown, Hiroyuki Mochizuki","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-041","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a cardiac-specific biomarker, used for the detection of myocardial injury. While rabbits develop naturally occurring cardiovascular disease, they are also an animal model for human disease; thus, rapid detection of cTnI has implications for both veterinary and human medicine. The objective of this study was to validate and establish a reference interval for a point-of-care (POC) cTnI assay in New Zealand White rabbits. In the first portion of the study, rabbit cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues were used to create homogenates, serially diluted with saline or rabbit whole blood, and run by repeated analysis on the POC assay. In the second portion of the study, a reference interval of peripheral whole blood cTnI was determined by robust methods from 49 New Zealand White rabbits. The least diluted cardiac muscle homogenates produced detectable cTnI (mean 23.12 ± 3.557 ng/mL), while skeletal muscle homogenates produced low to undetectable cTnI. The CV ranged from 0.00% to 32.51% for cTnI of diluted cardiac muscle homogenates. Rabbit cardiac homogenate diluted in blood had a linear relationship to cTnI concentration (Y = 0.2254 × X + 0.5396, R2 = 0.975). The reference interval for cTnI in this population was less than 0.04 ng/mL. This POC assay may be useful when rapid detection of cTnI is needed and differentiation between normal and elevated values is required. Given the high CV, this assay may not be appropriate for cases that require high sensitivity or detection of low concentrations of cTnI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"669-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Handling and Physical Restraint of Research Animals.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-074","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Definition of Animal Welfare.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-071","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners Position Statement: Animal Care Principles.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-073","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}