{"title":"A Conversation Between Arturo Chiti and Johannes Czernin.","authors":"Arturo Chiti, Johannes Czernin","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.273671","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.273671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1515-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clément Bailly, Lavinia Vija, François Somme, Vincent Massard, Philippe Barthélémy, Anne-Laure Giraudet, Yann Godbert, Aude Fléchon, Sylvie Girault, Sophie Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Caroline Viala, Alix Douillet, Stephanie Chêne, Pierre Olivier, Guilhem Roubaud
{"title":"Real-World Outcomes of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in the French Early-Access Program for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Clément Bailly, Lavinia Vija, François Somme, Vincent Massard, Philippe Barthélémy, Anne-Laure Giraudet, Yann Godbert, Aude Fléchon, Sylvie Girault, Sophie Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Caroline Viala, Alix Douillet, Stephanie Chêne, Pierre Olivier, Guilhem Roubaud","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272721","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains challenging to treat, especially after failure of standard therapies, such as androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and taxane-based chemotherapy. Radiopharmaceutical therapy with [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive tumor cells. In the VISION trial, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has demonstrated significant benefits in terms of median overall survival and a significant improvement of median radiographic progression-free survival (PFS) versus standard of care. Recent guidelines support its use in PSMA-positive mCRPC. In France, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was available via an early-access program from December 1, 2021, to April 29, 2025. This analysis reports the largest real-world cohort of patients with mCRPC treated with [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, evaluating its use, safety, and effectiveness in routine clinical practice. <b>Methods:</b> This multicenter descriptive cohort included adult patients with mCRPC who had progressive disease after at least 1 androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and 1 taxane-based treatment, and 1 positive PSMA PET scan. Patients received up to 6 cycles of intravenous [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 every 6 wk. Clinical evaluation, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) status, imaging assessments, and treatment-related adverse events were prospectively collected during regular follow-up. PFS was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Outcomes were compared descriptively to the VISION trial. <b>Results:</b> From December 2021 to April 2025, 3709 patients from 46 centers received at least 1 dose and 2476 had more than 8 mo of follow-up for efficacy analysis. Compared with VISION, patients were older, more heavily pretreated, and had more lymph node metastases but lower baseline PSA. Median imaging PFS was 7.6 mo versus 8.7 mo in VISION. Disease control was achieved in 82% according to PSA criteria. Some patients with early PSA progression after the first cycle subsequently showed a response, suggesting a flare-up effect. The safety profile was manageable, with treatment discontinuations mainly due to progression. No new safety signals were identified. Subgroup analyses confirmed efficacy in elderly patients (aged >75 y) and more favorable outcomes in patients less heavily pretreated with taxane-based chemotherapy. <b>Conclusion:</b> The French early-access program confirms a favorable benefit-risk profile for [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in a real-world mCRPC population. Use trends suggest earlier use of the treatment after 1 taxane-based treatment, with patients being less pretreated and characterized by fewer metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1613-1619"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<sup>68</sup>Ga-HER2 PET/CT for Predicting Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy at Early Treatment and Preoperative Stages in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Sinuo Gao, Zhaoqi Zhang, Chao Shi, Cheng Cheng, Xindi Ma, Xinming Zhao, Yunjiang Liu","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271529","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of <sup>68</sup>Ga-HER2 PET/CT in assessing pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. <b>Methods:</b> In total, 45 patients with newly diagnosed HER2-positive breast cancer eligible for NAT were enrolled. All participants received at least 4 cycles of trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab or pyrotinib-based therapy, followed by surgery. <sup>68</sup>Ga-HER2 PET/CT was performed at baseline (PET1), at the end of the second therapy cycle (PET2), and before surgery (PET3). The SUV<sub>max</sub> of primary breast tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were recorded. <b>Results:</b> Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in 31 patients (70%), whereas 13 (30%) showed non-pCR. The SUV<sub>max</sub> at PET1 did not differ significantly between pCR and non-pCR groups (3.76 ± 1.97 vs. 3.79 ± 2.71, <i>P</i> = 0.349). However, the SUV<sub>max</sub> at PET2 and PET3 were significantly lower in the pCR group compared with the non-pCR group (PET 2: 0.45 ± 0.71 vs. 2.01 ± 2.36, <i>P</i> = 0.008; PET3: 0.12 ± 0.39 vs. 1.67 ± 2.94, <i>P</i> = 0.014). The optimal cutoff values for predicting pCR included an SUV<sub>max</sub> of no more than 1.15 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.738) at PET2 and no more than 0.50 (AUC = 0.735) at PET3 and a ΔSUV<sub>max</sub> of at least 61% (AUC = 0.742) at PET2 and at least 72% (AUC = 0.743) at PET3. Application of the PET2 cutoff thresholds for SUV<sub>max</sub> and ΔSUV<sub>max</sub> identified a therapy-sensitive subgroup, which had a positive predictive value for pCR of 85%-representing a 15% higher absolute likelihood of pCR compared with the nonsensitive subgroup-while the method provided a negative predictive value of approximately 60%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dynamic changes in <sup>68</sup>Ga-HER2 PET/CT uptake during NAT provide an effective early indicator of therapeutic sensitivity in HER2-positive breast cancer, supporting its value for predicting pathologic response at both early treatment and preoperative stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1552-1559"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concerns Regarding Brain [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG SUV<sub>mean</sub> as a Prognostic Biomarker in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Eray Alper, Efrah Ahmed Ibrahim","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272807","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1686-1687"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"End-to-End PET/CT Interpretation and Quantification with an LLM-Orchestrated AI Agent: A Real-World Pilot Study.","authors":"Hongyoon Choi, Sungwoo Bae, Kwon Joong Na","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272362","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although deep learning models have improved individual PET analysis, image processing, and quantification tasks, end-to-end automation from raw DICOM data to quantitative clinical reporting remains limited, particularly in heterogeneous real-world settings. <b>Methods:</b> As a proof-of-concept, an autonomous large language model (LLM)-orchestrated multitool agent for end-to-end PET/CT interpretation was developed. A reasoning-based, text-based LLM selected appropriate series from raw DICOM, coordinated registration and SUV conversion, invoked segmentation and detection tools, generated maximum-intensity projections, called a vision-enabled LLM for interpretation, and synthesized structured draft reports. The system was retrospectively evaluated in 170 patients undergoing baseline [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT for lung cancer staging, with clinical reports serving as the reference standard. <b>Results:</b> The agent successfully completed the full end-to-end workflow from raw DICOM selection to structured draft report generation without human intervention in all 170 examinations. Primary tumor detection achieved 100% sensitivity. For nodal involvement, sensitivity was 84.8% and specificity was 39.4%, whereas distant metastasis detection showed 70.2% sensitivity and 65.0% specificity. Discrepancy analysis of 58 nodal and 57 metastatic mismatch cases revealed systematic false-positive findings related to reactive or physiologic uptake and false-negative findings involving small-volume or anatomically atypical metastases. <b>Conclusion:</b> LLM-orchestrated PET/CT agents enabled workflow-level automation from raw DICOM to quantification and structured draft reporting under real-world conditions. Although primary tumor detection was highly reliable, nodal and metastatic assessment revealed systematic limitations, supporting a collaborative role with continued expert oversight in complex clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1668-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Tie, Changhee Lee, Scott B Perlman, Claire Gowdy, Muheon Shin, Lindsay A Renfro, Kara M Kelly, Kathleen M McCarten, Adina L Alazraki, Stephan D Voss, Ash A Alizadeh, Sharon M Castellino, Tyler J Bradshaw, Steve Y Cho
{"title":"Evaluation of Baseline and Interim-Therapy PET Features for Prognostication in High-Risk Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis of the AHOD1331 Trial.","authors":"Xin Tie, Changhee Lee, Scott B Perlman, Claire Gowdy, Muheon Shin, Lindsay A Renfro, Kara M Kelly, Kathleen M McCarten, Adina L Alazraki, Stephan D Voss, Ash A Alizadeh, Sharon M Castellino, Tyler J Bradshaw, Steve Y Cho","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.270791","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.125.270791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of conventional and advanced PET metrics for predicting progression-free survival in high-risk pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), using data from the Children's Oncology Group AHOD1331 trial. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective analysis included 558 patients from 150 institutions. Conventional PET metrics and radiomics features were extracted from both baseline and interim-therapy PET images. Clinical variables, including demographic characteristics and common risk factors, were also considered. A standardized outcome-modeling pipeline was developed, comprising feature selection and penalized Cox regression with elastic net regularization (CoxNet). Models were trained and evaluated using nested cross-validation stratified by institution, ensuring consistent external testing. We investigated whether conventional PET metrics added prognostic value beyond clinical variables and whether radiomics or interim PET-derived features offered further benefit. Additionally, we compared the prognostic performance of features extracted from automated deep learning (DL) segmentations against those derived from physician annotations. Model performance was assessed using the concordance index (C-index). <b>Results:</b> Among all types of features, the CoxNet model using conventional baseline PET metrics achieved the highest performance (C-index, 0.72 ± 0.01), significantly outperforming the clinical model (C-index, 0.65 ± 0.01). Neither the inclusion of radiomics features nor interim PET-derived features improved performance. Models using DL-generated segmentations achieved comparable prognostic accuracy (C-index, 0.72 ± 0.01) to those using physician-based segmentations. <b>Conclusion:</b> Quantitative PET features provided significant prognostic improvements over clinical variables. Furthermore, DL-based segmentation offered a promising approach for automating feature extraction, supporting more effective risk stratification in pediatric HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1661-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simen Rykkje Grønningsæter, Johan Blakkisrud, Monika Kvassheim, Sara Westrøm, Anne-Kirsti Aksnes, Ayca Løndalen, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Øyvind Sverre Bruland, Lars Tore Gyland Mikalsen, Yun Wang, Stein Gunnar Larsen, Caroline Stokke
{"title":"Normal Tissue Dosimetry of Intraperitoneal <sup>224</sup>Ra Microparticle Therapy: Data from First-in-Human Studies in Patients with Peritoneal Metastases.","authors":"Simen Rykkje Grønningsæter, Johan Blakkisrud, Monika Kvassheim, Sara Westrøm, Anne-Kirsti Aksnes, Ayca Løndalen, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Øyvind Sverre Bruland, Lars Tore Gyland Mikalsen, Yun Wang, Stein Gunnar Larsen, Caroline Stokke","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271925","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two early-phase clinical studies evaluated α-emitting <sup>224</sup>Ra adsorbed to calcium carbonate microparticles ([<sup>224</sup>Ra]CaCO<sub>3</sub>-MP). Patients with peritoneal metastases from ovarian or colorectal cancer underwent complete cytoreductive surgery 2 days before intraperitoneal injection of [<sup>224</sup>Ra]CaCO<sub>3</sub>-MP. The aim of this work was to assess biodistribution and estimate absorbed doses to normal organs and tissues in a dosimetry cohort. <b>Methods:</b> Three patients with ovarian cancer and 6 patients with colorectal cancer were administered 7 MBq of [<sup>224</sup>Ra]CaCO<sub>3</sub>-MP intraperitoneally. Blood was sampled at 5 time points. <sup>224</sup>Ra and <sup>212</sup>Pb in blood were estimated by γ-counter measurements of photons originating from <sup>212</sup>Pb and its daughters. Biexponential curves fit to <sup>224</sup>Ra and <sup>212</sup>Pb blood activities were combined with biokinetic models from International Commission of Radiation Protection (ICRP) publications 137 and 151 to estimate absorbed doses. γ-camera images were acquired to evaluate biodistribution. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the effect of deviation in ICRP transfer coefficients. <b>Results:</b> The highest absorbed dose was to the endosteal bone surface, receiving up to 0.85 Gy/7 MBq, followed by kidneys, liver, and red bone marrow receiving up to 0.35, 0.28 and 0.14 Gy/7 MBq, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, the range was 0.18-2.0, 0.090-0.96, 0.083-0.62, and 0.042-0.31 Gy/7 MBq for the 4 organs, respectively. Besides radioactivity in the content of the large intestine at later time points, no visibly distinguishable uptake was assessed outside the peritoneal cavity on γ-camera images, supporting the modeling results. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on biokinetic modeling combined with measured activity in patient blood samples, no patient received absorbed doses exceeding 0.85 Gy/7 MBq for any organ. Combined with clinical reports, and taking the potential range in absorbed doses given by the sensitivity analysis into account, the absorbed doses to the investigated tissue are likely below the relevant range of normal tissue complication probabilities for this treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1644-1651"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Quantitative Accuracy Is Possible with <sup>177</sup>Lu SPECT.","authors":"Yuni K Dewaraja, John Dickson, Johannes Tran-Gia","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272205","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1684-1685"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to \"Concerns Regarding Brain [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG SUV<sub>mean</sub> as a Prognostic Biomarker in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer\".","authors":"Julie Auriac, Irène Buvat, Fanny Orlhac","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.273361","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.273361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1687-1688"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Iravani, Roman Gulati, Robert Miyaoka, Angela Castellanos Reiger, Delphine L Chen, Meena Kumar, Mark Erickson, Katie Nega, Catherine Meyer, Stephanie Lira, Youngho Seo, Robert R Flavell, Collin C Pritchard, Michael C Haffner, Rosa Nadal Rios, Rajitha Sunkara, Hiba M Khan, Todd Yezefski, Ruben Raychaudhuri, Andrew C Hsieh, Petros Grivas, Heather H Cheng, Evan Y Yu, Michael T Schweizer, Peter S Nelson, Johannes Czernin, Thomas A Hope, Jeremie Calais
{"title":"Clinical Trial Protocol for LPS-Boost: Intensified [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Low PSMA-Expressing Disease.","authors":"Amir Iravani, Roman Gulati, Robert Miyaoka, Angela Castellanos Reiger, Delphine L Chen, Meena Kumar, Mark Erickson, Katie Nega, Catherine Meyer, Stephanie Lira, Youngho Seo, Robert R Flavell, Collin C Pritchard, Michael C Haffner, Rosa Nadal Rios, Rajitha Sunkara, Hiba M Khan, Todd Yezefski, Ruben Raychaudhuri, Andrew C Hsieh, Petros Grivas, Heather H Cheng, Evan Y Yu, Michael T Schweizer, Peter S Nelson, Johannes Czernin, Thomas A Hope, Jeremie Calais","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272472","DOIUrl":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is an approved therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, response rates vary significantly, particularly among patients with low prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression on PSMA PET. This multicenter, open-label phase 2 trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of an intensified Lu-PSMA treatment schedule in patients with mCRPC and a whole-body tumor SUV<sub>mean</sub> of less than 10 on [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET, a subgroup associated with poorer outcomes with the conventional treatment schedule. <b>Methods:</b> Eligible participants (<i>n</i> = 45) with mCRPC, prior exposure to androgen receptor pathway inhibitor therapy, and progressive disease (defined by the Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria) must have PSMA-positive lesions without PSMA-negative sites and a whole-body tumor SUV<sub>mean</sub> of less than 10 on [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET within 3 mo of enrollment. Participants will receive up to 6 cycles of [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (7.4 GBq per cycle; cumulative dose, 44 GBq) administered at an intensified cadence (days 1 and 8, days 50 and 57), followed by 2 standard cycles every 6 wk. The primary endpoint is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival, with safety as a key secondary endpoint, assessed in accordance with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. A continuous safety monitoring rule allows early termination if grade 3 or higher adverse hematologic events (excluding lymphopenia) exceed predefined thresholds established by historical data. Additional secondary endpoints include PSA response, radiographic progression-free survival, overall survival, and patient-reported outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form). Exploratory analyses include radiation dosimetry and plasma biomarker assessments. Participants achieving a marked response (≥90% PSA decline to <1 ng/mL or no PSMA-avid disease above liver uptake on 24-h posttreatment SPECT/CT) after the intensified schedule may pause treatment and resume in the event of PSA or clinical progression. <b>Conclusion:</b> By modulating treatment intensity using baseline PSMA expression, this trial aims to improve outcomes in patients predicted to have lower response rates under the standard schedule while maintaining acceptable toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1547-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}