Journal of medical microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of serotype and virulence genes of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> isolated from patients admitted at two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Matifan Dereje Olana, Daniel Asrat, Göte Swedberg","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002034","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> contains a wide range of extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors that support its pathogenesis. The most variable portion of lipopolysaccharide, O-polysaccharide, confers serogrouping and is crucial for virulence.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Despite their importance, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> serotypes and associated virulence factors are not well described at the level of strains obtained from Ethiopian clinical samples.<b>Aim.</b> To characterize the serotypes and virulence factors of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from patients admitted to two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<b>Methodology.</b> Whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize genes responsible for serotypes and virulence factors.<b>Results.</b> Eight distinct serotypes were identified, with O6 (50%) and O11 (14.1%) being the most common and O9 (1.6%) being the least common. Serotype O6 was the most frequent serotype in all infections, and the percentage of O11 (38.5%) was high in burn wound isolates. The percentage of multidrug resistance was 56.6%. High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin (51.8%) and ceftazidime (50.6%) and low levels of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (4.8%) were observed. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were more common for the O11 (88.9%) and O5 (66.7%) serotypes. There were four (6.3%) <i>exoU+</i> strains and one (1.6%) <i>exoU+exoS</i>+ multidrug-resistant strain, all of which were O11 serotypes. The frequencies of <i>toxA</i>, <i>exoY</i>, <i>pilA</i> and <i>exoT</i> were 93.8%, 96.9%, 17.2% and 96.9 %, respectively.<b>Conclusion.</b> This study showed the presence of highly virulent multidrug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains in Ethiopia, and continuous molecular surveillance is essential for monitoring the spread of these strains and creating efficient management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral microbiota signatures in obesity with or without acanthosis nigricans in a Chinese cohort.","authors":"Yujing Tang, Qin Li, Zhengyun Ren, Nianwei Wu, Hongmei Zhu, Tongtong Zhang, Wei Yi, Wantao Ju, Yanjun Liu, Junqing Hu","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002020","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The oral microbiota is the second most complex microbial community in the human body. It has been suggested that poor oral health may be associated with an increased risk of obesity.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> However, both previous observational and mechanistic studies on oral microbiota do not take into account the obesity-related acanthosis nigricans (AN), which is the most common dermatological manifestation in individuals with obesity.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to investigate the altered composition, function and diagnostic value of the oral microbiota in obesity with or without acanthosis nigricans (AN).<b>Methodology.</b> We characterized the oral bacteria signature in a Chinese cohort (ChiCTR2300073353) of 99 patients with obesity and obesity-related AN (Ob_AN) and 50 healthy controls using 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing.<b>Results.</b> The microbial richness (abundance-based coverage estimators and observed species indices) was significantly greater in the Ob_AN and obesity groups than in the control group; however, microbial diversity (Shannon index) did not differ significantly. Distinct separation in the microbial community amongst the three groups was observed. <i>Prevotella</i> species, including <i>Prevotella melaninogenica</i>, <i>Prevotella nanceiensis</i> and <i>Prevotella pallens</i>, were associated with composition alterations and predicted functions (significant downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters) associated with microbial dysbiosis in the obesity and Ob_AN groups. Moreover, <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Lautropia</i> genera assessments could indicate obesity and obesity-related AN risk.<b>Conclusions.</b> The notable reduction of plenty of oral microbiota and high levels of <i>Prevotella</i> spp. may play a critical role in obesity with AN. Oral microbiota may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing, preventing and even treating obesity-related AN.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and neurotropism: evidence, gaps and reflections.","authors":"Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes, Bibiana Santana Sitton, Micheli Mainardi Pillat, Carlos Fernando Mello, Rudi Weiblen, Eduardo Furtado Flores, José Valter Joaquim Silva Júnior","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002016","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may present with a wide clinical spectrum, including extrapulmonary involvement, such as neurological damage. Although the pathogenesis of neurological COVID-19 still remains unclear, some studies have discussed the potential association between tissue injury and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the central nervous system (CNS) and/or immune imbalance. These two mechanisms are non-mutually exclusive; however, exacerbated inflammatory-response-induced neurological damage appears to be more aligned with COVID-19 pathogenesis, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection/replication in the CNS remains widely discussed. Herein, we dissect this last issue, highlighting some evidence on SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion, as well as discussing gaps that should be addressed for a better understanding of its potential neurotropism, specifically in the CNS. Finally, we propose some deeper reflections on the SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of common pain medications on gut microbiota composition and metabolites: insights from a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Feng Wei, Diefei Liang, Junxiong Qiu, Yuan Fu, Zhaopei Zeng, Jiarui Zhang, Xinyi Zhang, Jianwei Lin, Junmeng Zheng, Liling Lin","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002028","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> The relationship between analgesic use and gut microbiota alterations has garnered increasing attention. However, the causal link between these two factors remains to be elucidated. Given the prevalence of analgesic use and the significant role of gut microbiota in human health, clarifying this relationship is of great importance.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> Existing observational studies are limited in their ability to establish causality between analgesic use and gut microbiota alterations. Therefore, there is a need for robust causal inference methods to explore this relationship and uncover the underlying mechanisms.<b>Aim.</b> This study aims to investigate the causal associations between genetic susceptibility to four common analgesics (NSAIDs, salicylic acid, opioids, and anilides) and gut microbiota composition, as well as circulating metabolites, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.<b>Methodology.</b> A two-sample Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the potential association between genetic susceptibility to four analgesic uses and gut microbiota composition, as well as circulating metabolites. Summary-level statistics of genome-wide association studies were obtained from primarily European ancestry cohorts, including 466,457 participants from the UK Biobank and 18,340 individuals from the MiBioGen consortium.<b>Results.</b> Only one suggestive causal association was found between NSAID use and elevated abundance of gut microbiota, namely group <i>Eubacterium xylanophilum</i>. In addition, salicylic use was correlated with an increased abundance of the family <i>Prevotellaceae</i> (<i>P</i>=0.006)<i>,</i> while it was negatively associated with the abundance of 8 microbiota traits, including genus <i>Clostridiumsensustricto1</i>, <i>Adlercreutzia</i>, <i>Akkermansia</i>, family <i>Clostridiaceae1</i>, <i>Verrucomicrobiaceae</i>, phylum <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>, class <i>Verrucomicrobiae</i> and order <i>Verrucomicrobiales</i> with <i>P</i> value ranging from 0.009 to 0.043. No clear evidence was found between opioid and anilide use and gut microbiota alteration. Meanwhile, salicylic use was potentially causally associated with four metabolites, including acetoacetate, creatinine, omega-3 fatty acids and triglycerides in very large high-density lipoprotein, with <i>P</i> values ranging from 0.005 to 0.046.<b>Conclusion.</b> The results of this study offer powerful evidence that the long-term use of salicylic acid may substantially impact gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites. Further investigations are needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: definition, history, an update on their genetic environment and detection methods.","authors":"Soufyane Yassara, Ikrame Zeouk, Samira Jaouhar, Mohammed Sbiti, Khadija Bekhti","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002033","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial resistance remains a major challenge in the therapeutic field. Beta-lactam antibiotics are widely used to treat <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, especially third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs), which are used in infections caused by bacteria resistant to first- and second-line antibiotics. However, these bacteria have been able to develop resistance against the used antibiotics through the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. These enzymes inactivate 3GCs and are sensitive to beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. This resistance is acquired by plasmids (IncF, IncI, IncK…) which carry mobile genetic elements (insertion sequence, transposon…) with genes coding for these enzymes, namely, the <i>bla</i> _CTX-M, <i>bla</i> _SHV and <i>bla</i> _TEM, which code for the most frequent types of ESBL (CTX-M, SHV and TEM). Unfortunately, when ESBLs are not identified in time, appropriate treatment is delayed, reducing the chances of cure. Current data highlight the spread and dangerousness of ESBL-producing bacteria worldwide and confirm the priority given to these bacteria by the World Health Organization, which insists on vigilance in identifying them, both in patients and through surveillance studies. The aim of the current review is to provide a better understanding of ESBLs, to highlight their historical evolution and to show the importance of their genetic environment in the dissemination and spread of these enzymes worldwide, as well as the techniques used to detect them in laboratory studies. Current data demonstrate the degree of danger posed by ESBL-producing bacteria and confirm the priority given to these bacteria by the World Health Organization for the development of new antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standing up for Medical Microbiology.","authors":"Lovleen Tina Joshi, Timothy J J Inglis","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002036","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors for true <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia.","authors":"Mamta Sharma, Susan Szpunar, Farah Tanveer, Jonathan Arcobello, Sanjay Revankar, Ashish Bhargava","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002026","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> <i>Actinomyces</i> species colonizing the human oropharynx and gastrointestinal and urogenital tract are associated with a wide range of infections. The isolation of <i>Actinomyces</i> spp. from sterile clinical samples is regarded as significant.<b>Gap Statement.</b> Increased use of advanced diagnostics has caused an increased detection of <i>Actinomyces</i> in the bloodstream, the clinical significance of which is unclear.<b>Aim.</b> To investigate the clinical factors associated with true <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia that could aid in differentiating it from transient <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia.<b>Methodology.</b> We conducted a retrospective study of all inpatients with <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia from two tertiary care centres from 1 January 2006 to 26 September 2021. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, primary source of infection and outcomes. True bacteraemia was defined as <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia with systemic manifestations of infection.<b>Results.</b> A total of 82 cases of positive blood cultures were identified, of which 33 (40.2%) were true bacteraemia, based on clinical criteria. Patients with true bacteraemia were more likely to be older (<i>P</i>=0.007), have chronic skin ulcers (<i>P</i><0.001), have a history of central line placement within 3 months of their presentation (<i>P</i>=0.04), have had a fever within 72 h of admission (<i>P</i>=0.05) and have presented with an abscess (<i>P</i><0.001) compared with patients with transient bacteraemia. True bacteraemia was more likely to be associated with positive tissue cultures (<i>P</i>=0.02) and an infectious disease consultation than transient bacteraemia. Skin and soft tissue (27.3%) was the most common source followed by intra-abdominal (21.1%). Among true bacteraemia, the most common species was <i>Actinomyces meyeri</i> with a ratio of 1:8 (transient versus true bacteraemia). All-cause mortality was 30.3% in patients with true bacteraemia compared with 4.1% in patients with transient bacteraemia (<i>P</i><0.001).<b>Conclusion.</b> Predictors of true <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia included older age, fever within 72 h of admission, presence of abscess and chronic skin disease. <i>Actinomyces</i> species exhibit varying degrees of invasiveness, with <i>A. meyeri</i> potentially showing higher invasive potential. Better awareness and involvement of infectious disease specialists is recommended in determining the clinical significance of transient <i>Actinomyces</i> bacteraemia and can help implement antibiotic stewardship and patient safety and improve outcomes. Further research will help to identify the true importance of these isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12137913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved diagnostic stewardship in carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> gene detection helps in early initiation of targeted therapy.","authors":"Partha Guchhait, Nairita Choudhuri, Bhaskar Narayan Chaudhuri, Tanni Datta, Arup Kumar Dawn, Pallab Das, Susmriti Dalui, Satadal Das","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002029","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health crisis, leading to ~700,000 deaths annually. Without significant containment efforts, this number could surge to 10 million by 2050. Carbapenem-resistant organisms, particularly carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (CRE), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, present a critical challenge due to their ability to evade potent carbapenem antibiotics.<b>Hypothesis and Aim.</b> This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CRE among 1,317 culture-positive patients and to assess the impact of advanced diagnostic techniques, such as RT-PCR, modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), EDTA carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) and Vitek susceptibility testing, on improving diagnostic stewardship and patient outcomes.<b>Methodology.</b> A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Centre Limited, Kolkata, from June 2023 to May 2024. CRE isolates were identified from various clinical samples and subjected to phenotypic (Vitek 2, mCIM and eCIM) and genotypic real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for carbapenemase genes. Data on demographics, specimen types, bacterial isolates, comorbidities, etc. were analysed.<b>Results.</b> Out of 20,129 inpatient samples sent for culture during this 1-year period, 3,124 (15.51%) had culture-proven infections. A total of 1,317 <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates were processed for carbapenem resistance (CR) detection PCR, with 354 (26.88%) identified as CRE. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> was the predominant isolate (60.17%), followed by <i>Escherichia coli</i> (26.55%). New Delhi metallo-<i>β</i>-lactamase (MBL) (NDM) and OXA-48-like co-production (33.75%) were most commonly seen, followed by NDM gene alone (32.50%). The concordance between phenotypic susceptibility and genotypic PCR method for CRE was 85.88%. Targeted antibiotic therapy could be initiated based on PCR results, in 70.90% of cases. Synergy test guided effective combination therapy of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam for MBL-producing CRE isolates.<b>Conclusion.</b> The study highlights a significant prevalence of CRE, particularly among older adults. Advanced diagnostic techniques improved diagnostic stewardship, allowing timely and accurate detection of CR. However, discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic methods and the high cost of certain therapies are notable limitations. Enhanced infection control and early initiation of targeted therapy are crucial to combat AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hantaan virus activates Src family kinase and induces endothelial cell hyperpermeability via the TLR4/TRAF6 pathway.","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang, Huanjun Shen, Hong Du, Hong Jiang, Pingzhong Wang, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.001989","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.001989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Hantaan virus (HTNV) predominantly infects human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and causes increased vascular permeability, triggering haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, mainly in Asia. Previous studies have shown that endothelial permeability is regulated in part by the break of cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs). However, the intracellular mechanisms by which HTNV induces EC hyperpermeability via AJs remain unclear.<b>Hypothesis.</b> We hypothesize that HTNV activates TLR4, and its downstream TRAF6 interacts with SFK, leading to the phosphorylation of adhesion junction-associated proteins and increased cell permeability.<b>Aim.</b> The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which Src family kinases (SFKs) modulate AJs and affect permeability.<b>Methodology.</b> Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to assess TLR4, TRAF6 and SFK expression; Western blot was used to analyse the protein expression of AJs; small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to inhibit gene expression in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the distribution of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) was observed by immunofluorescence.<b>Results.</b> HUVECs infected by HTNV displayed a lower permeability after a siRNA knockdown of TLR4 (si-TLR4). Moreover, HTNV increased the expression of TRAF6 and the phosphorylation of Src and AJs. After siRNA knockdown of TRAF6 (si-TRAF6), a decrease in the phosphorylation of Src and VE-cadherin was observed in HTNV-infected ECs compared to that in siRNA controls.<b>Conclusion.</b> These data, for the first time, indicated that HTNV-induced upregulation of AJ phosphorylation is regulated by the TLR4/TRAF6/SFK signalling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine-treated surfaces against clinical isolates implicated in nosocomial infections.","authors":"Georgia Williams, Micheal Alao, Alexander Brooks, Hannah M Doherty, Patrick J Moynihan, Danesh Moradigaravand, Manuel Banzhaf, Felicity de Cogan, Jack A Bryant","doi":"10.1099/jmm.0.002025","DOIUrl":"10.1099/jmm.0.002025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction.</b> Bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance are significant threats to global public health, both of which spread through contamination of solid surfaces. We have previously developed an antimicrobial surface technology that directly bonds the broad-spectrum biocide chlorhexidine to steel surfaces. These surfaces were shown to kill bacteria within minutes of contact and to be effective against bacteria evolved in the laboratory for resistance to chlorhexidine in solution.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> We hypothesized that resistance to these surfaces could exist outside of the naive and chlorhexidine-resistant laboratory strains tested previously. We also sought to test whether strains that were resistant to chlorhexidine in solution were also resistant to chlorhexidine-based antimicrobial surfaces.<b>Aim.</b> To test the efficacy of these surfaces against a range of bacteria isolated from the hospital environment and to compare this to the resistance of these bacteria to chlorhexidine in solution or when dissolved in solid media.<b>Methodology.</b> Ninety-one isolates of mixed bacterial species were obtained from Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. The isolates, along with laboratory strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, were tested for sensitivity to chlorhexidine-coated steel surfaces in a 30-min exposure simulated splash assay. Resistance to chlorhexidine in solution was also assayed by solid and broth media MIC assays.<b>Results.</b> We demonstrate that within 30 min of incubation, the surfaces reduced the survival of all 91 isolates. Over 85% of these isolates were killed (exhibiting a 7-8 log reduction compared with control surfaces), whilst 12% experienced a 3-4 log reduction. We also show that resistance to the surfaces did not correlate with resistance to freely diffusible chlorhexidine in liquid or solid media.<b>Conclusion.</b> The results demonstrate the efficacy of chlorhexidine-coated surfaces against a broad range of bacterial isolates from the hospital environment and imply the potential for a mode of exposure to dictate the effectiveness of different antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Future studies should investigate the genetic mechanisms providing resistance to chlorhexidine-coated surfaces and whether these differ in the capacity to provide resistance to chlorhexidine in different modes of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":94093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical microbiology","volume":"74 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}