Journal of medical entomology最新文献

{"title":"All insects matter: a review of 160 entomology cases from 1993 to 2007 in Switzerland-Part II (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera).","authors":"Pavel Jakubec, Jiri Hodecek","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is the second part of the series analyzing the families recorded from 160 real cases in Switzerland between 1993 and 2007, focusing on species from orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. A total of 46 distinct taxonomical units belonging to 15 families were identified. The most prominent was subfamily Silphinae with 9 recorded species, which was also the most dominant group in the dataset, occurring in 17.6% of all cases. It was closely followed by Dermestidae (12.6%), Histeridae (12.6%), and Staphylinidae (excluding Silphinae) (11.9%). The study highlights the importance and utility of a number of lesser-known species, at least in a forensic context, and gives insight into their ecology. We firmly believe that all insects matter. While not every species may become widely used, the more we learn about them, the greater the benefits for future criminal investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duplex PCR assay to determine sex and mating status of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), vector of the Lyme disease pathogen.","authors":"Isobel Ronai, Julia C Frederick, Alec T Thompson, Prisha Sharma, Michael J Yabsley, Utpal Pal, Cassandra G Extavour, Travis C Glenn","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ticks are a major health threat to humans and other animals, through direct damage, toxicoses, and transmission of pathogens. An estimated half a million people are treated annually in the United States for Lyme disease, a disease caused by the bite of a black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) infected with the bacterial pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. This tick species also transmits another 6 human-disease causing pathogens, for which vaccines are currently unavailable. While I. scapularis are sexually dimorphic at the adult life stage, DNA sequence differences between male and female I. scapularis that could be used as a sex-specific marker have not yet been established. Here we identify sex-specific DNA sequences for I. scapularis (male heterogametic system with XY), using whole-genome resequencing and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Then we identify a male-specific marker that we use as the foundation of a molecular sex identification method (duplex PCR) to differentiate the sex of an I. scapularis tick. In addition, we provide evidence that this molecular sexing method can establish the mating status of adult females that have been mated and inseminated with male-determining sperm. Our molecular tool allows the characterization of mating and sex-specific biology for I. scapularis, a major pathogen vector, which is crucial for a better understanding of their biology and controlling tick populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the bio-efficacy of mosquito nets in Santchou and Bertoua 1 year after the mass distribution campaign of 2019.","authors":"Nelly Armanda Kala Chouakeu, Mabu Maxim Bindamu, Idriss Nasser Ngangue Siewe, Leslie Nkahe, Laura Gilberine Ningahi, Nina Ghislaine Yensii, Roland Bamou, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Njuabe Theresia Metoh, Timoléon Tchuinkam, Christophe Antonio Nkondjio","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria continues to pose a significant public health challenge in Cameroon, requiring effective prevention strategies. Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) are widely distributed as a key control measure, but their physical integrity and effectiveness need to be monitored. This study aimed to assess the condition and bio-efficacy of LLINs in 2 regions of Cameroon, namely Santchou in the West and Bertoua in the East. The study evaluated LLIN use and care using a structured questionnaire, following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for assessing physical integrity. Bio-efficacy was measured using the 3-min WHO cone assay. The results showed that the ownership and usage rates of mosquito nets were 93.91% and 72.70% in Santchou and 60.68% and 41.11% in Bertoua, respectively. In Santchou, 5.26% of LLINs were damaged, with 21.05% rendered unusable while in Bertoua, 29.41% of the used LLINs were damaged with 16.47% unusable. The knockdown rate with field mosquito populations was 65.49% with mortality rate of 61.24% in Bertoua. In Santchou, knockdown rate was 10.23%, and mortality rate 14.97%. The LLINs tested were found highly effective against susceptible strain. These findings urgently require the National Malaria Control Program of Cameroon to improve public awareness on consistent and proper LLIN usage and address the decline in LLIN effectiveness, particularly in cities like Bertoua and Santchou. Targeted interventions should focus on improving LLINs distribution, educating the population on correct usage practices, and implementing regular monitoring of physical integrity and bio-efficacy of insecticide-treated bed nets as these LLINs get degraded.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging babesiosis in the mid-Atlantic: autochthonous human babesiosis cases and Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes keiransi (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks from Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 2009 to 2024.","authors":"Ellen Y Stromdahl, Katherine A Feldman, Robyn M Nadolny, Ashley C Kennedy, Zachary J Bement, Michael Buoni, Heather Rutz, James C Broyhill, Joshua Bernick, R Jory Brinkerhoff, Leslie Ayuk-Takor, David Crum, Alexandre J da Silva, Eric Dotseth, Lori Flammia, Kyle Girone, David Gaines, Anna Phan, Bobbi S Pritt, Siok-Bi Wee, Holly D Gaff, Wayne L Hynes","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The range of Babesia microti (Franca, 1910)-infected ticks is expanding, resulting in locally acquired human babesiosis cases occurring in new areas: Maryland (2009), the District of Columbia (2013), Virginia (2016), and West Virginia (2017). We collected host-seeking ticks from old fields, ecotones, forested habitats and animal hosts in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, 2010 to 2024. Ixodes scapularis Say, the tick vector of babesiosis, was captured in all 3 states. PCR revealed B. microti in 2.7% (36/1310) of I. scapularis, with site prevalence ranging from <1% to 12.5% infected. The first B. microti-positive I. scapularis was collected in Northampton County, Virginia, 2012. Of the B. microti-infected ticks, 50% (18/36) were coinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi and one was triple-infected with B. microti, B. burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. We collected Ixodes keiransi Beati, Nava, Venzal, and Guglielmone ticks from Delaware and Virginia. We found B. microti and B. burgdorferi in those from Virginia, and B. burgdorferi in ticks from a shrew in Delaware. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. microti and B. burgdorferi-positive I. keiransi from Virginia, and the first report of B. burgdorferi-positive I. keiransi from Delaware. Ixodes keiransi ticks rarely bite humans but are involved in the maintenance and spread of pathogens when sympatric with I. scapularis. We tested a subset of both tick species for Babesia duncani; none were positive. Jurisdictions in the southern mid-Atlantic region should expect babesiosis cases, and Lyme disease and anaplasmosis coinfections, and healthcare providers should consider these tick-borne infections as part of the differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance prevalence carried by adult house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) at Kansas dairy and beef cattle operations.","authors":"Victoria Pickens, Brandon Hall, Kathleen Yeater, Tanya Purvis, Edward Bird, Grant Brooke, Cassandra Olds, Dana Nayduch","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>House flies (Musca domestica L.) are filth-breeding pests of urban and rural environments around the world. Frequenting microbe-rich substrates for nutritional and reproductive needs, house flies pose a risk to human and animal health through their carriage and transmission of pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR). Adult house flies were collected from Kansas beef and dairy cattle operations to assess factors influencing bacterial abundance and AMR incidence flies. Aerobic culturable bacteria and suspected coliforms (SC) were enumerated from fly homogenate cultured on nonselective (tryptic soy agar) and selective (violet-red bile agar VRBA) media, respectively. Unique morphotypes of SC isolates were screened for tetracycline resistance and tested for resistance to 4 additional antibiotics to identify multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates. Female house flies carried greater abundances of both culturable bacteria and SC than male flies. Abiotic factors such as ambient and soil temperatures correlated with culturable bacteria and SC abundances in flies, but farm type correlated only with SC abundance and trends of resistance phenotypes observed in SC isolates. Male and female flies from both farm types carried one or more AMR and MDR SC isolates (73.02% AMR and 31.09% MDR). The majority of AMR and MDR bacteria were Escherichia/Shigella sp., which possessed the widest range of phenotypic resistance variability found in our study. Our results further emphasize the role house flies play in harboring bacteria of risk to human and animal health and identified factors of potential use for the development of strategies to mitigate house fly transmission of bacterial pathogens and AMR within confined cattle operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation on activity and efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and S-methoprene against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in discarded tires.","authors":"Yijin Chen, Yuting Zheng, Tianyun Su, Wenbo Hu, Ying Liang, Xiaobo Liu, Xiujun Li, Qiyong Liu","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), is an important vector of various arboviruses. Effective control of mosquito vectors is essential to prevent the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases; however, sustainable larval control against this species has been notoriously difficult. To enhance effective larval control against Ae. albopictus, a laboratory initial test was conducted to determine the activity of microbial larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and a juvenile hormone analog S-methoprene. The technical grade and formulated product performed similarly in either Bti or S-methoprene. Compared with larvae from a laboratory strain, field-collected mosquitoes showed similar susceptibility to Bti, but significantly lower susceptibility to S-methoprene at IE30 and IE50. In semifield studies to evaluate efficacy of the formulations, as short as a 2-d efficacy was observed for Bti alone at 0.50 ppm, while longer efficacy of up to 3 and 4 wk was achieved by the S-methoprene treatments alone at 1 and 5 ppb, respectively, due to different modes of action and formulation technologies. The combination of Bti at 0.25 ppm and S-methoprene at 2.5 ppb exhibited an extended effect for up to 4 wk as in S-methoprene alone at 5 ppb. The efficacy of both insecticides was impacted by sunlight and dilution. Larvae from field collections were less susceptible to S-methoprene than those of laboratory colony in the semifield evaluation in discarded tires. The practicality of Bti and S-methoprene products for controlling Ae. albopictus in discarded tires was discussed in relation to the findings in current studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and phylogeographic relationships of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) within an established population in southern Manitoba (Canada), and the prevalence of Rickettsia montanensis and Francisella-like endosymbionts.","authors":"Neil B Chilton, Prasobh R Thampy, Cole R Wolbaum, Emily E Sterling, Jessica T Thoroughgood, Elisabeth D Berg, Alexander S Halpin, Chulantha P Diyes, Matthew E M Yunik, Adrian A Díaz-Sánchez, Kateryn Rochon, Timothy J Lysyk, Shaun J Dergousoff","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of this study was to determine if DNA sequences of the mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene (cox1) and/or the mt 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene can be used to study the population genetics and phylogeography of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). DNA sequences were determined for 200 adult ticks collected from an established population in a region of Manitoba (Canada) where there have been recent outbreaks of bovine anaplasmosis. Given this, a secondary objective was to test these ticks for the presence of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and 2 other bacterial pathogens, Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt and Francisella tularensis (McCoy and Chapin 1912) Dorofe'ev 1947. However, no ticks were PCR-positive for these bacteria, whereas 15% of ticks were PCR-positive for R. montanensis Weiss and Moulder and 96% contained Francisella-like endosymbionts. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity among ticks was greater for cox1 than the 16S rRNA gene, thus cox1 is more useful for examining the genetic diversity within and among D. variabilis populations. The 33 cox1 haplotypes could be separated into 3 haplogroups, but when combined with sequence data from GenBank, 6 clades were evident, 2 of which comprised ticks from primarily Saskatchewan, Manitoba, western Ontario, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. These findings indicate that cox1 can be used to understand the phylogeography of D. variabilis, but more sequences are needed from individuals in other populations across geographical range of this tick species, particularly those on the Canadian prairies where D. variabilis is undergoing range expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sugar diet on humidity preference, survival, and host landing in mosquitoes.","authors":"Shyh-Chi Chen, Christopher J Holmes, Oluwaseun M Ajayi, Grace Goodhart, Daniel Eaton, Nathan Catlett, Tabitha Cady, Hannah Tran, Luke E Lutz, Lyn Wang, Ella Girard, Jaida Savino, Amena Bidiwala, Joshua B Benoit","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito-borne diseases have caused more than 1 million deaths each year. There is an urgent need to develop an effective way to reduce mosquito-host interaction to mitigate disease transmission. Sugar diets have long been linked to abnormal physiology in animals, making them potential candidates for mosquito control. Here, we show the impact of sugar diets on humidity preference and survival in Aedes aegypti (Gainesville) and Culex pipiens (Buckeye). Two-choice assays with high and low relative humidity (80% and 50% RH) show that the impact of sugar diets on humidity preference is species-specific. In comparison to Cx. pipiens, various sugar diets resulted in marked reductions in humidity avidity and preference in Ae. aegypti, which exhibited significant differences. Among the sugar diets, arabinose significantly reduced the survival rate of mosquitoes at low concentrations. Moreover, we found that host landing was not impacted by feeding on different sugar types. Our study suggests that specific sugar treatments could be applied to mosquito control by dampening their humidity preference and reducing their lifespan, thus reducing mosquito-borne disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging approaches to mosquito species identification: an overview with emphasis on nanopore sequencing technology.","authors":"Antsa Rakotonirina, Rutaiwan Dusadeepong, Mallorie Hide, Linavin Vuth, Rina Chea, Kimly Heng, Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Koen Vandelannoote, Sébastien Boyer","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correct identification of mosquito species is crucial for effective vector control, pathogen surveillance, and research and can be achieved through various methods. In this study, we present a review of the most commonly used method for mosquito species identification. We also benchmark the results of DNA sequencing on the MinION nanopore sequencing device against the morphological identification technique, which remains the cornerstone of mosquito species identification. By using 95 samples from the field, we targeted 2 mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and 3), and successfully distinguished 3 Culex species from the Vishnui subroup (Culex pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. vishnui) using amplicon-based targeted Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing, whereas the morphological method proved less effective. Although amplicon-based targeted Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing is associated with significant costs, it shows great potential for improving accuracy in mosquito species identification, if adequate financial resources are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the complete mitochondrial genome and rDNA of Oestrus sp. (Diptera: Oestridae): the bot fly parasitizing the Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica.","authors":"Gaël Aleix-Mata, José E Granados, Eugenia E Montiel, Noelia Caparrós, Pablo Mora, José M Rico-Porras, Einer F Mendoza, Jesús M Pérez, Antonio Sánchez","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of the genus Oestrus Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligate parasites that affect the nasal and pharyngeal cavities of mammals, causing significant harm to both livestock and wildlife. In this study, the complete mitogenome of Oestrus sp., a bot fly parasitizing the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838), has been sequenced and assembled. A comparison with the mitogenome of Oestrus ovis Linnaeus, 1758 revealed a high degree of similarity in terms of gene organization and nucleotide composition, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the close evolutionary relationship between them. Additionally, the entire rDNA cistron, including the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), was characterized for both species, revealing considerable variation in the length of ITS1, while the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA genes showed high sequence conservation. These results provide information about molecular markers of 2 Oestrus species. Furthermore, the findings offer insights that could facilitate the diagnosis and management of parasitic infestations of Oestridae species in both domestic and wild hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}