Journal of medical entomology最新文献

{"title":"Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) oviposition behavior on aged substrates.","authors":"Vanessa R Cooper, Krystal R Hans","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) arrive to remains and deposit eggs soon after death, making them useful for estimating a minimum postmortem interval. There can be delays in blow fly arrival due to environmental conditions, concealment, or other modifications of the remains. If there is a delay in blow fly arrival, then, the time of colonization and postmortem interval will be different estimates. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to assess how delays in insect accessibility influence blow fly oviposition behavior by allowing small pigs to decompose indoors with insect activity excluded prior to exposing them to blow flies. The aged treatments included were 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-h along with fresh controls. This research assessed oviposition sites, time to oviposition, and number of eggs laid by Phormia regina Meigen in the laboratory. The field component of this research also looked at initial colonizing species of the aged treatments in addition to time to oviposition and oviposition sites. Phormia regina laid the largest number of eggs on the 48-h treatments and had the shortest time to oviposition on the 48- and 72-h treatments. The 48-h treatment also had the greatest number of unique oviposition sites compared to other treatments. The results of this study indicate that P. regina may prefer to colonize aged remains. More research on this topic could clarify how the postmortem interval estimation should be adjusted when there is a delay in insect colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of newly synthesized sex-determining PCR using immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks.","authors":"Cody W Koloski, Arvind Sharma, Benjamin Faustino, Nathan King, Monika Gulia-Nuss","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to determine the sex of tick nymphs has the potential to answer questions concerning tick biology and pathogen ecology. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that was recently developed for sex determination in adult Ixodes scapularis Say ticks was used to test whether the method could be applied to determine the sex of unfed I. scapularis larvae and nymphs. We found that the duplex PCR could be used to determine the sex of immature ticks and could also be used on small tissue segments from live nymphs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae) in western Canada based on active surveillance.","authors":"Shaun J Dergousoff, Timothy J Lysyk, Kateryn Rochon, Neil B Chilton","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 454 unique sites in western Canada were drag sampled for host-seeking Dermacentor species. Dermacentor andersoni Stiles was detected in British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, while D. variabilis (Say) was detected in all four provinces. Dermacentor similis (Lado et al.) was collected from two sites in British Columbia. Dermacentor andersoni was detected as far east as -103.53° and as far north as 52.38° at elevations from 500 m to 1,231 m. Dermacentor variabilis was detected as far west as -110.9° and as far north as 54.78° at elevations from 200 to 1,200 m. Logistic regression indicated that prevalence of D. andersoni decreased with latitude, increased in the west, and increased with elevation to 900 m, then, declined. Prevalence of D. variabilis decreased with latitude, increased eastwards, and declined as elevation increased. Relationships with environmental variables were developed and indicated that mean winter temperature (Jan.-Mar.), summer temperature (Jul.-Sept.) and total winter precipitation affected both species. Dermacentor andersoni occurred at sites with mean winter temperatures between -10.4 °C and 1.4 °C, while most D. variabilis occurred at sites with winter temperatures between -15.0 °C and -7.9 °C. Prevalence of both species increased as summer and winter temperatures increased. Prevalence of D. andersoni also declined as total summer precipitation increased, consistent with it being a xerophilic species. Prevalence was also influenced by ecoregion and soil variables. Models had good fit, low bias, and good discrimination. Results will be useful for forecasting distribution and presence of these tick species throughout western Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report on the diversity and geographical distribution of mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae), the main vectors of jungle yellow fever in Paraguay.","authors":"Ana K Ibarrola-Vannucci, María de Los Ángeles Gutiérrez, Oscar Mongelós, José Montiel, Fernando Núñez, Luciano Franco, Yohana Benítez, María Eugenia Cano, Agustín Balsalobre, María Eugenia Vicente, Gerardo Marti, María Victoria Micieli","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sylvatic yellow fever virus is transmitted by mosquitoes Haemagogus and Sabethes genera, which predominantly inhabit forested areas but can also be found near human dwellings in rural zones. In Paraguay, outbreaks of the disease were reported between 2007 and 2008, prompting the initiation of systematic sampling starting from those years to monitor the vectors transmitting the yellow fever virus. This study aims to identify the primary vector species and determine their geographic distribution in Paraguay, based on administrative divisions and ecoregions. Sampling was conducted in 17 departments, the capital district of Asunción and in 7 ecoregions in daylight hours using manual aspirators and entomological nets. Sampling was sporadic (2008-2016) and regular, risk-based from 2017. The collected data were georeferenced and processed using QGIS software. A total of 288 observations were documented, with a higher prevalence in the departments of Alto Paraná (26.74%), San Pedro (21.18%), and Caaguazú (12.50%). Sixteen species were identified, 9 of which belong to the genus Sabethes (89.58%) and 3 to the genus Haemagogus (10.42%). In the Western region or Chaco, only Hg. spegazzinii was found, while species of the genus Sabethes predominated in the Eastern region. The results further indicate that the ecoregions of the Atlantic Forest of Alto Paraná and the Cordillera de los Altos show the highest concentration of these vectors. This study represents the first compilation of the geographic distribution of Haemagogus and Sabethes mosquitoes in Paraguay and makes significant contributions to national surveillance by identifying three priority ecoregions for yellow fever monitoring. The information provided is essential for delineating risk areas and strengthening prevention and control strategies for sylvatic yellow fever, particularly in vulnerable zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ghana: a systematic review.","authors":"Isaiah Debrah, Kassim A Rashid, Samuel K M Mensah, Evans K E Dormenyoh, Bismark Minnah, Fred Aboagye-Antwi, Yaw Aniweh, Gordon Awandare, Lucas N Amenga-Etego","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria continues to be a major public health issue in Ghana, contributing significantly to hospital outpatient visits. Vector control remains central to malaria prevention; however, the growing resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides presents a major obstacle to control and elimination efforts. This review examined the evolution of insecticide resistance in Ghana from 2001 to 2024, summarising resistance mechanisms across the country's bioclimatic zones to inform evidence-based vector control strategies aligned with Ghana's malaria elimination goals. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases to identify studies on insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors. A total of 41 articles were retrieved, and data were analysed using Microsoft Excel 365 and GraphPad Prism v.9.1.2. Pyrethroids were the most frequently studied insecticides, particularly in the Coastal (48%, n = 17), Forest (37.1%, n = 13), and Sahel (14.3%, n = 5) zones. An increasing trend of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. was observed across all transmission zones, with the vgsc-L995F mutation being the most reported resistance mechanism. Temporal analysis revealed significant differences in resistance levels over time across all zones. Resistance to dual-active ingredients (piperonyl butoxide + pyrethroid) was also detected nationwide. Notably, there are limited studies on An. funestus susceptibility and metabolic resistance driven by copy number polymorphisms or vgsc variants. Given these gaps, the application of genomic surveillance and whole genome sequencing is essential for identifying locally relevant resistance mechanisms to guide future vector control interventions in support of Ghana's malaria elimination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent circulation of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses in Culicoides biting midges in northwestern Italy: implications for the 2024 BTV outbreak.","authors":"Angela Maria Catania, Elena Grego, Laura Tomassone, Cagnotti Giulia, Di Muro Giorgia, Ferrini Sara, Antonio D'Angelo","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector-borne viruses like Bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) pose an ongoing threat to livestock health across Europe. Transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, these pathogens can circulate silently, escaping early detection. In this study, we investigated the presence and infection status of Culicoides on 2 cattle farms in northwestern Italy, where congenital malformations and abortions had previously been reported. Between June and October 2023, over 4,000 Culicoides were captured using UV-light suction traps; over 95% belonged to the C. obsoletus complex. Molecular screening of pooled insects revealed a low viral prevalence (0.5%) for both BTV and SBV. Notably, no official outbreaks were recorded in the area during 2023, suggesting a silent viral circulation without clinical signs in animals. The persistence of BTV in vectors and possible animal reservoirs, including wildlife, may have contributed to its reemergence in 2024 when a new BTV outbreak occurred in northern Italy. Our findings highlight the critical role of continuous entomological and virological surveillance in anticipating and mitigating future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights in Medical Entomology 2023: vectors and the environment.","authors":"Kim Y Hung","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple factors play a role in determining the appropriate methods for protecting communities from public health threats, requiring collaboration and communication among entities from the national to the local level to build the capacity to adapt and respond to the changing environment. This review highlights publications from 2023 that provided value for the mosquito and vector control industry with potential to benefit those working at the local level. By focusing the discussion on emerging disease and vector threats, improving the understanding of insect ecology and behavior, and developing new control strategies and laboratory practices, the studies presented herein aim to provide new ideas for more effective vector management strategies, and thus, better public health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of avian parasites in Australian mosquitoes (Culicidae).","authors":"Ashleigh M Peck, Alan Lymbery, Siobhon Egan, Amanda Ash","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes (Culicidae) are the most important vectors of human and animal diseases globally, making them valuable tools for the molecular surveillance of blood-borne pathogens. By screening mosquito populations, we can evaluate local disease prevalence and ascertain which vector species are involved in local transmission cycles. This study presents the first targeted mosquito-based surveillance of blood parasites in Western Australia. Over a 2-year surveillance program in Perth, Western Australia, 3,288 mosquitoes from 12 species across 5 genera were collected and screened in 461 pools. Parasite prevalence and diversity were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction screening of the Haemosporida cytochrome b gene region, and the Dirofilaria 12S rDNA gene region. Haemosporida were detected in 3.9% of mosquito pools, with 72.2% of positives found in Culex species pools. Avian Haemosporida comprised 83.3% of the total detections. Known avian Haemosporida lineages detected included 1 Haemoproteus (H. zosteropis) and 2 Plasmodium (BELL01 and MYNA02). Three novel lineages, Plasmodium CULPER01-03, were identified. Plasmodium falciparum was identified in 2 pools, and no Dirofilaria were detected. These findings indicate that Perth harbors a diverse range of avian Haemosporida, which may be regionally specific, as all lineages detected have only been identified in the Oceania region. The predominance of positive detections in the Culex pipiens species complex supports their role as the primary vectors of avian Plasmodium. This study highlights the utility of mosquito surveillance for monitoring blood-borne parasites and contributes new insight into parasite diversity and vector associations in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple and low-cost artificial blood feeding system for mosquito colony maintenance and experimental applications.","authors":"Dongmin Kim, Tanise Moitinho S Stenn, Emma K Skelhorn, Shelby M Dittman, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reliable and consistent blood feeding is crucial for maintaining mosquito colonies in the laboratory and for supporting scientific research, including vector competence studies (i.e., oral inoculation). However, artificial blood feeding systems often require costly equipment (e.g., Hemotek), and the use of live animals as hosts raises ethical concerns, limiting their practicality. In this study, we developed a simple, low-cost blood feeding system consisting of a perforated plastic pouch heated with a disposable hand warmer and evaluated its effectiveness in supporting blood feeding of 3 mosquito species: Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Aedes aegypti L., and Aedes triseriatus Say. Specifically, we compared feeding success between fresh and previously frozen bovine blood across species. Our results showed that lab-reared Cx. quinquefasciatus achieved the highest engorgement rates (up to 95.7%) across all treatments, whereas field-collected Cx. quinquefasciatus failed to feed on any blood source. Aedes aegypti and Ae. triseriatus exhibited significantly higher feeding success on fresh blood compared to previously frozen blood, with 2.1-fold and 9.7-fold increases, respectively. The perforated pouch system supported full engorgement with minimal leakage and did not require electricity or specialized equipment. These results support the utility of this method for colony maintenance of some lab-adapted mosquito species and vector competence experiments, particularly in settings with limited access to vertebrates or other blood-feeding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding knowledge of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and California serogroup viruses distributions in the North American Arctic.","authors":"Carol-Anne Villeneuve, Jumari Snyman, Louwrens P Snyman, Géraldine G Gouin, Emily Jenkins, Valeria Martinez, Tom Hobman, Anil Kumar, Isabelle Dusfour, Nicolas Lecomte, Patrick A Leighton","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is reshaping Arctic ecosystems, heightening the risk of vector-borne diseases caused by pathogens such as California serogroup (CSG) viruses, including Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) and Snowshoe Hare virus (SSHV). Despite their emerging public health threat, data on Arctic mosquito populations and CSG virus prevalence remain limited. To address this gap, we conducted a 3-yr mosquito surveillance program at 8 sites across northern Canada and the United States, engaging local community members in mosquito collection through a standardized protocol using a butterfly net. From 4,038 sampled mosquitoes, we identified 18 species-17 of which were from the genus Aedes Meigen, 1818. We also reported new distribution records for Aedes euedes Howard, Dyar, & Knab, 1913, Aedes implicatus Vockeroth, 1954, and Aedes spencerii (Theobald, 1901). JCV was detected in 10 mosquito species across 7 sites, while SSHV was detected in just one species at a single site. Notably, JCV was found in Ae. euedes, Aedes impiger (Walker, 1948), and Aedes pionips Dyar, 1919 for the first time in North America. JCV was detected in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, where only 3 Arctic mosquito species were present, none of which are recognized as potential JCV vectors. This finding raises the possibility of undocumented vector species or a previously unrecognized transmission role for Arctic mosquitoes. The broad distribution of JCV across species and locations suggests widespread enzootic transmission, underscoring the need to reassess the potential of Arctic mosquitoes as disease vectors in a rapidly changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}