Journal of medical entomology最新文献

{"title":"Larvicidal activity of hydrogel beads based on Pickering emulsions containing turmeric essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), the dengue vector.","authors":"Fariha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Tayyab Ali, Asjid Ghaffar, Noor Ul Huda, Sidra Arshad, Rida Mahnoor, Zain Ul Abdin, Rabia Fajar Ali","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to develop a biolarvicide alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), a major vector for dengue, zika virus, and chikungunya viruses. Turmeric Essential oil Pickering emulsion (TEO PE) was developed to combat mosquito populations. Research offers a unique technology to encapsulate TEO PE in hydrogel beads, enhancing its larvicidal activity. The stability of TEO was enhanced using cellulose nanocrsytals (CNCs). Characteristics of CNC, PE, and hydrogel beads were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hydrogel beads showed effective toxicity against A. aegypti larvae in a dose-dependent method, with significant lethal concentration. FTIR analysis confirms cellulose presence in CNC, while Zeta potential and DLS show stable PE with an average particle size of 94.4 nm. Subsequently, SEM, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the crystallinity, encapsulation and release efficacy of beads, respectively. Larvicidal activity of free TEO and TEO PE-based hydrogel beads was evaluated against third instar larvae of A. aegypti. Outcome of this study demonstrated that hydrogel beads exhibit effective larvicidal activity with mortality (P < 0.001) against the larvae with significant lethal concentration (LC) values (LC50 = 227.074 mg/l ± 7.09912, LC90 = 360.257 mg/l ± 14.0808) as compared to pure TEO (LC50 = 22.8349 mg/l ± 2.28709, LC90 = 47.8297 mg/l ± 2.22492). Histo-pathological analysis revealed extensive damage to internal membranes and midgut regions of the larvae. This approach provides enhanced stability, targeted larvicidal activity, controlled release, and a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of Anopheles species across 3 different ecological zones in Ghana.","authors":"Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng, Shirley C Nimo-Paintsil, Seth Offei Addo, Mba-Tihssommah Mosore, Patrick Obuam, Ronald Essah Bentil, Eric Behene, Reham A Tageldin, Karim Omar, Dorcas Atibilla, Bernice Olivia Ama Baako, Victor Asoala, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Andrew G Letizia, Samuel K Dadzie, James F Harwood","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector management of Anopheles mosquitoes in West Africa is challenged by limited data on distribution, species diversity, seasonal abundance, and lack of reporting mechanisms from sentinel sites. To improve the epidemiological risk assessment for Anopheles-vectored diseases, this study investigated the distribution and species composition of Anopheles mosquitoes in 3 ecological zones of Ghana and compared trapping methodologies. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected monthly over 6 trapping sites from 2017 to 2021 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps with incandescent and ultra-violet (UV) light sources and Biogents Sentinel (BG) traps. A generalized Linear Mixed Model with a negative binomial distribution was used with the trapping method and month of collection as fixed effects, and the year of collection and site as random effects. Out of a total of 20,222 Anopheles mosquitoes collected, the majority were from the Sudan savannah zone (66.1%), while the Forest zone had the lowest count (1.8%). The predominant Anopheles species identified was An. gambiae s.l. (67.83%). There was a significant association between season and An. gambiae s.l. (P < 0.001), with higher numbers in the wet season than in the dry season. Furthermore, An. gambiae s.l. was less likely to be collected using UV-lighted traps compared to the incandescent-lighted traps (GLMM = -1.06, P = 0.0122). The results of this study will inform the development of evidence-based vector management strategies and contribute to the efforts to reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases in Ghana and West Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in Dermacentor albipictus from Mississippi.","authors":"Jerome Goddard, Alyssa N Snellgrove, Sharon Sims, Richard G Robbins, Wendy C Varnado","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), the winter tick, is a one-host tick often found in high numbers on horses, moose, elk, and deer in the northern United States and parts of Canada. In Mississippi, there have been very few collections of D. albipictus. Herein we report the collection and molecular screening of 5 male specimens and 3 nymphs of the winter tick for rickettsial organisms. Broad PCR screening using a PanRickettsia TaqMan PCR assay targeting a portion of the 23 s gene was utilized, and a family-wide Anaplasmataceae SYBR real-time PCR assay was chosen for initial screening of tick eluates. PanRickettsia PCR-positive samples were then amplified using a conventional PCR targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) gene for species identification. One resultant amplicon was 99.75% identical to Rickettsia felis DNA. This is the first report of R. felis in the winter tick, D. albipictus.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population genetics of dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northeastern region Brazil.","authors":"Andrelina Alves de Sousa, Paulo Bryguel-da-Cunha, Alessandra Maria Silva Vidigal, Walter Pinheiro Mendes Júnior, Maria Histelle Sousa do Nascimento, Maria Claudene Barros, Elmary da Costa Fraga, Iracilda Sampaio","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the principal vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses, worldwide. The rate of infected people notifications, have risen in recent years in of Brazil, especially dengue, reinforces the need for the genetic monitoring of these populations, to provide insights into the population dynamics of this vector. So, a population study has been conducted using sequences of 2 mitochondrial genes in Ae. aegypti 22 populations from northeastern Brazil. The analyses identified 33 and 28 haplotypes of ND4 and COI, respectively, with high levels of genetic diversity (ND4; Hd = 0.644, COI; Hd = 0.646) and the existence of two genetic clusters (k = 2). F  ST values and AMOVA indicated that most of the genetic variation is intra-population (ND4-56.17%, F  ST = 0. 43834; COI-60.76%, F  ST = 0.39242). The genetic distances between the locations ranged from moderate (ND4 = 0.095 and COI = 0.106; P < 0.05) to high (ND4 = 1.00 and COI = 0.951; P < 0.05). In contrast, the genetic structure observed cannot be explained by the isolation-by-distance model (ND4-r = 0.0151, P = 0.114; COI-r = 0.0005, P = 0.415). The phylogenetic analysis identified that some of the obtained haplotypes grouped themselves with haplotypes from West African and East African samples, the mosquito's bionomics were fundamental to the adaptation and expansion of the species worldwide. This information extends the knowledge about the effects of ecological relationships in the genetic diversity of Ae. aegypti in Brazil, being a key factor understanding its adaptability, vector competence and resistance, essential information for planning public policies and to control the of arboviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a permethrin-treated barrier and pour-on applications against Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on a deer farm.","authors":"Vilma M Cooper, Eva A Buckner, Samantha M Wisely, Juan M Campos-Krauer, Nathan D Burkett-Cadena","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of pathogens affecting ruminants. On deer farms, Culicoides species transmit bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, while mosquitoes can cause chronic stress and even exsanguination. We evaluated the effectiveness of the insecticide -InsectGuard (0.5% permethrin), applied as a barrier treatment and pour-on, to reduce mosquito and biting midge landings on deer in Martin County, Florida. Deer simulators baited with carbon dioxide and fitted with sticky cards were used to trap landing insects. A polyethylene fence barrier treated with InsectGuard (1.34 fl oz/m2) and an untreated fence were tested against a no-barrier control. Separately, InsectGuard pour-on (1 fl oz per deer) was compared to an untreated control. The -InsectGuard-treated barrier and pour-on applications reduced landings of three Culicoides species, including Culicoides insignis Lutz, a key bluetongue virus vector, by 175-fold and 7-fold, respectively. The InsectGuard-treated barrier also reduced mosquito landings: Culex spp. (15-fold), and Psorophora spp. (6-fold). While the InsectGuard pour-on caused a dramatic reduction of C. insignis, it had no measurable effect on Culex spp., Psorophora spp., or Culicoides floridensis Beck and appeared to attract Culicoides pusillus Lutz (8-fold increase). Our findings demonstrate that permethrin-treated barriers and pour-on applications can reduce the landing and, therefore, potential infectious bites of mosquitoes and biting midges. These interventions can be incorporated as part of an integrated vector management program for deer farms to enhance control outcomes, in combination with other strategies such as adulticide sprays, habitat management, and vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic trends in acarological risk reporting for Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)-borne infections across the eastern United States based on data submissions to the ArboNET Tick Module, 2004 to 2023.","authors":"Erik Foster, Sarah E Maes, Lynn M Osikowicz, Andrias Hojgaard, Christina M Parise, Karen M Holcomb, Rebecca J Eisen","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaf098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention introduced the National Tick Surveillance Program in 2018 to better define areas of acarologic risk in response to the increasing burden of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis, Acari: Ixodidae)-associated infections. The program coordinates surveillance efforts conducted by state and local public health programs and collates acarological data in the ArboNET Tick Module national database. Among the metrics collected, the density of infected host-seeking nymphs (DIN) is believed to be most closely correlated with the reported occurrence of tick-borne diseases. Here, we assess the completeness and geographic representativeness of pathogen-specific DIN data collected from 2004 to 2023 and reported to the ArboNET Tick Module. We summarize county, state, and regional variation in the density of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs infected with 6 human pathogens: Borrelia burgdorfieri sensu stricto (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Borrelia mayonii (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Borrelia miyamotoi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae), and Babesia microti (Piroplasmida:Babesiidae). Although DIN data submissions have increased from the first to the second decade of surveillance in some regions (Northeast, Ohio Valley, Northern Rockies and Plains), they have decreased in other regions (South, Southeast). For a majority of counties across all regions, county DIN estimates were largely based on only a single annual DIN estimate per pathogen over the nearly 20 yr of surveillance. Despite the sparseness of DIN records in ArboNET, we show that acarological risk for Lyme disease has expanded geographically over the past 2 decades, and we present acarological risk maps for other I. scapularis-borne infections across the eastern United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High burdens of Ixodes scapularis ticks and surveillance for Babesia spp. in Carolina Wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) in Missouri, USA.","authors":"Derek McFarland, Kayla Wallace, Bessie H Blocher, William L Nicholson, Letícia Soares, Solny A Adalsteinsson","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of human tick-borne diseases is rising globally. Birds are ecologically significant hosts, capable of local or widespread dispersal for ticks and their associated pathogens, including agents of babesiosis. Despite its emerging importance, surveillance for zoonotic Babesia spp. ((Starcovici, 1893) Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) remains lacking, particularly in avian hosts. This study investigates the prevalence of Babesia spp. in a population of Carolina Wrens ((Latham, 1790) Passeriformes: Troglodytidae Thryothorus ludovicianus) in Missouri, USA. Due to their ground-foraging behavior and documented high tick burdens, we hypothesized that Carolina Wrens would have Babesia spp. infections. Birds were captured using mist nets, examined for ticks, and phlebotomized for blood samples. We prepared blood smears which were analyzed via microscopy for the presence of Babesia spp. parasites. During June and July 2018, we captured 70 birds from 14 species and collected 156 ticks, of which 152 were Ixodes scapularis ((Say, 1821) Acari: Ixodidae). Carolina Wrens accounted for the highest tick burdens (130 ticks total) with juvenile birds having significantly higher nymphal tick burdens than adults. Despite examining the blood smears of 23 Carolina Wrens and 5 Louisiana Waterthrushes (Parkesia motacilla) for Babesia spp., we found no evidence of infection. Our findings emphasize the notably high tick burdens in Carolina Wrens while underscoring the need for broader and more sensitive surveillance for Babesia spp. in bird populations. Understanding the role of avian hosts in the ecology of tick-borne pathogens is key for anticipating and mitigating public health risks associated with tick-borne disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1353-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144487570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring factors affecting the reintroduction and amplification of West Nile virus in heterogeneous landscapes in Canada, using a cellular automata approach.","authors":"Baki Cisse, David R Lapen, K Chalvet-Monfray, Nicholas H Ogden, Antoinette Ludwig","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West-Nile virus (WNV) is an endemic public health risk in Canada, with outbreaks/reintroduction and amplification that may increase in frequency and size with climate change and urbanization. In this modeling study, we used a compartmentalized and spatialized Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered (SEIR) WNV transmission model incorporating a cellular automata approach. We tested four scenarios in which we modified the number of infected birds arriving in spring, modified the number of infected mosquitoes emerging from their overwintering/dormancy period, studied the impact of bird abundance on epidemic starting point locations, and examined the progressive shift in mosquito feeding preferences from birds to mammals. First, we observed that WNV amplification may be associated with the arrival of infected migratory birds in the spring, with more severe epidemics as the number of infected birds increases. Secondly, amplification due to the local persistence of WNV virus in surviving infected overwintering female mosquitoes resulted in more severe epidemics in the human population than when amplification was due to the arrival of infected birds. Thirdly, epidemics were more severe when initiated in cells with low bird density than in those with high density. Lastly, the shift in mosquito feeding preference to human blood meals at the end of summer could generate more cases in human populations if reservoir birds delay their migration and stay longer, amplifying the virus locally. A field study is needed to quantify the impact of these mechanisms on WNV reintroduction in southeastern Canada, to better design interventions and early warning systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1101-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, RepellentsBait station design and sugar bait composition affects the engorgement of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Alyne Cunha Alves Dias, Aurea Vieira Teixeira, Moreno Magalhães de Souza Rodrigues, Genimar Rebouças Julião, Alexandre de Almeida E Silva","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjaf101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugar-based bait stations containing insecticides are used for mosquito control, but few studies compare different bait stations models. This study evaluated mosquito engorgement using sugar bait and attractive sugar bait in 4 bait stations models: ovitrap, artificial plant, resting box, and bottle. Two experiments were conducted: (i) a no-choice test, where mosquitoes were exposed to a single bait stations with 10% sucrose sugar bait or attractive sugar bait, and (ii) a multi-choice test, where all bait stations models were placed in a tent, offering sugar bait and attractive sugar bait at 10% and 70% sucrose concentrations. In the no-choice experiment, more mosquitoes engorged on sugar bait (71.6) than attractive sugar bait (21.7), but bait stations model and sex did not influence engorgement. Males mostly showed lower engorgement levels (degree 1), whereas females had varying degrees (2 to 5). In the multi-choice test, RBs attracted the most mosquitoes (22.8), followed by ovitraps (17.1), bottles (13.5), and plants (12.7). Bait composition did not significantly impact engorgement, but more females engorged on baits with 70% sucrose. Bait engorgement increased toward higher degrees in females, whereas males exhibited higher levels at degrees 3 to 4. Both male and female Aedes aegypti engorged on sugar baits across all bait stations models, but males preferred resting boxes in multi-choice tests. Guava juice in attractive sugar baits did not enhance engorgement, while 70% sucrose led to the highest female engorgement. These findings suggest that bait station design and sugar concentration influence mosquito feeding behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1289-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory and semifield data indicate that vector Culicoides spp. in Florida are susceptible to permethrin.","authors":"Vilma M Cooper, Eva A Buckner, Juan M Campos-Krauer, Samantha M Wisely, Nathan Burkett-Cadena","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjaf077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjaf077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Culicoides includes numerous species that are biting nuisances and vectors of pathogens affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife. For instance, Culicoides paraensis is the primary vector of Oropouche virus to humans, while other species, such as Culicoides sonorensis, Culicoides insignis, and Culicoides venustus transmit viruses causing hemorrhagic disease in ruminants, particularly bovids and cervids. Current control practices for biting midges rely heavily on chemical insecticides, yet their efficacy and potential for insecticide resistance in biting midges remain poorly documented. We conducted laboratory and semifield experiments to evaluate permethrin susceptibility in wild biting midges collected on 5 Florida deer farms, including known and suspected hemorrhagic diseasevector species, using lab-reared mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) as a susceptible reference. The Culicoides species tested included: C. insignis (n = 944), C. stellifer (n = 269), C. debilipalpis (n = 68), C. venustus (n = 16), C. edeni (n = 5), C. furens (n = 5). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays using 10.75 µg permethrin per bottle resulted in 100% mortality within 30 min across all Culicoides spp. Similarly, semifield cage trials with ultra-low volume permethrin-based space sprays applied at maximum label rate caused 100% mortality of all Culicoides spp. and susceptible Ae. aegypti within 1 h after exposure. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of permethrin for controlling biting midges and suggest that significant resistance to permethrin has not developed in the Culicoides populations tested. This study provides a foundation for optimizing vector control strategies against biting midges by demonstrating their susceptibility to permethrin and emphasizing the need for informed, evidence-based practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94091,"journal":{"name":"Journal of medical entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1235-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}