Journal of materials chemistry. B最新文献

{"title":"A reactive oxygen species amplifier based on a Bi₂WO₆/BP heterojunction for high efficiency radiotherapy enhancement.","authors":"Shufen Ren, Qing Zhang, Hanping Fu, Jiayun Cheng, Yan Xie, Qingshuang Liang, Xiufeng Xiao","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02285h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02285h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and radioresistance resulting from the intrinsic features of tumors consistently give rise to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy (RT). Developing a multifunctional radiosensitizer capable of activating ROS-induced apoptosis and achieving multimodal therapy is highly imperative yet remains a challenge so far. Herein, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform based on Bi₂WO₆-BP heterojunctions for multimodal synergistic tumor treatment with glutathione depletion and amplifying ROS generation is rationally designed. Rich in high-Z elements, Bi₂WO₆-BP heterojunctions are able to deposit higher radiation doses into cancer cells, enhancing the radiotherapy effect. The Z-scheme heterojunction structure facilitates the X-ray-triggered catalytic process that catalyzes intracellular overproduced H₂O₂ into highly toxic ˙OH, which thus enhances ROS generation in a hypoxic environment. The unique sub-band structures of BP NSs and the synergistic effect between Bi₂WO₆ and BP significantly boosted ¹O₂ generation. Meanwhile, the acidic TME can trigger the cycle conversion of W from W⁵⁺ to W⁶⁺, and the redox reaction between W⁶⁺ and GSH consumes the high level of GSH in tumor cells and increases the production of ROS. The mild photothermal effect produced by the Bi₂WO₆-BP heterojunction could further enhance the ROS generation. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments showed that the as-prepared Bi₂WO₆-BP heterojunction possesses high synergistic therapeutic efficacy. This work offers a viable approach to build a multifunctional radiosensitizer with TME-triggered multiple synergistic therapies for deep tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phlorotannin nanoparticle-hydrogel composite for enhanced oral delivery and treatment of ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Wen Jiang, Yu Xu, Xin-Chuang Wang, Di Wu, Yi-Nan Du, Jiang-Ning Hu","doi":"10.1039/d4tb01811g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb01811g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Designing innovative strategies for oral delivery of active compounds is particularly promising for the treatment of intestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC). However, obstacles like poor therapeutic efficacy, low bioavailability, and limited biocompatibility need to be addressed. Here, <i>via</i> the Schiff base reaction, we developed nanoparticles based on PT (PT NPs) and incorporated them into ascorbate palmitate hydrogels (AP-Gel) to create nanoparticle-hydrogel composites (PT NPs-Gel). <i>In vitro</i> studies showed that PT NPs-Gel reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β), increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) with effect. In the DSS-induced UC mouse model, PT NPs-Gel significantly alleviated UC symptoms, improved the length of colon, and lowered the disease activity index (DAI) score. Histological analysis indicated that PT NPs-Gel protected the colonic epithelial barrier and reduced inflammation. The PT NPs-Gel formulation utilizes the biological properties of the hydrogel carrier to improve the bioavailability of active compounds and demonstrates effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a promising oral delivery system for the treatment of UC and potentially other inflammatory bowel diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous polymeric nanoparticles for effective treatment of inflammatory diseases: an <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Divya Pareek, Md Zeyaullah, Sukanya Patra, Oviya Alagu, Gurmeet Singh, Kirti Wasnik, Prem Shankar Gupta, Pradip Paik","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02012j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02012j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute inflammatory diseases require suitable medicine over the existing therapeutics. In this line, the present work is focused on developing polymeric nanomedicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Herein, cell viable nanoparticles (GlyNPs) of size 180-250 nm in diameter and pore size of 4-5 nm in diameter, based on glycine and acryloyl chloride, have been developed and proved to be a potential anti-inflammatory agent without using any conventional drugs. These particles exhibit colloidal stability (with a zeta potential of -35.6 mV). A network pharmacology-based computational study has been executed on 9076 genes and proteins responsible for inflammatory diseases, out of which 10 are selected that have a major role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <i>In silico</i> docking study has been conducted to find out the targeted efficiency of the GlyNPs considering 10 inflammation-specific markers, namely IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR-4, STAT-1, MAPK-8, MAPK-14, iNOS, NF-κβ and COX-2. The results revealed that the GlyNPs could be an excellent anti-inflammatory component similar to aspirin. The <i>in vitro</i> inflammation activity of these GlyNPs has also been checked on an inflammation model generated by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Then, the <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammation efficiency has been checked with 10-150 μg mL^-1 of GlyNP doses. The treatment efficiency has been checked on inflammation-responsible immune markers (NO level, NF-κβ, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and it was found that the GlyNPs are an excellent component in reducing inflammation. The <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic response of GlyNPs on the induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model has been evaluated by measuring the morphological, biochemical and immune-cytokine and interferon levels responsible for the inflammation, using a 2 g kg^-1 dose (sample to weight of rat). The anti-inflammatory efficiency of GlyNPs without using additional drugs was found to be excellent. Thus, GlyNPs could be paramount for the potential treatment of various inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional guanosine-based hydrogel: high-efficiency protection in radiation-induced oral mucositis.","authors":"Zihan Ding, Xiaopei Hu, Wenhui Liang, Shuhao Zheng, Xiaobo Luo, Hang Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02380c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02380c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is the most common adverse effect experienced by cancer patients following radiotherapy; however, effective clinical treatments remain insufficiently recognized. In this study, a guanosine-polyvinyl alcohol (G-PVA) supramolecular hydrogel was developed using a one-pot synthesis method. The G-PVA hydrogel demonstrated remarkable wet adhesion properties measuring 74.16 kPa (±3.53 kPa), biocompatibility and shape adaptability, making it suitable for the dynamic conditions of the oral cavity. Under radiation exposure, the G-PVA hydrogel not only mitigated oxidative stress but also provided effective protection to cells against direct damage, as shown by the decrease in the number of γ-H2AX foci from 79.81% (±1.33%) to 5.70% (±0.88%) and 17.12% (±3.44%), respectively. <i>In vivo</i> investigations further validated that the G-PVA hydrogel significantly reduced RIOM, with a decrease in the relative ulcerative area by 52.23% in comparison to the IR group. This dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel may represent a promising new clinical strategy for the prevention of RIOM in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthene-based NIR organic phototheranostics agents: design strategies and biomedical applications.","authors":"Xiao-Yun Ran, Yuan-Feng Wei, Yan-Ling Wu, Li-Rui Dai, Wen-Li Xia, Pei-Zhi Zhou, Kun Li","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02480j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02480j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence imaging and phototherapy in the near-infrared window (NIR, 650-1700 nm) have attracted great attention for biomedical applications due to their minimal invasiveness, ultra-low photon scattering and high spatial-temporal precision. Among NIR emitting/absorbing organic dyes, xanthene derivatives with controllable molecular structures and optical properties, excellent fluorescence quantum yields, high molar absorption coefficients and remarkable chemical stability have been extensively studied and explored in the field of biological theranostics. The present study was aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the progress in the development and design strategies of xanthene derivative fluorophores for advanced biological phototheranostics. This study elucidated several representative controllable strategies, including electronic programming strategies, extension of conjugated backbones, and strategic establishment of activatable fluorophores, which enhance the NIR fluorescence of xanthene backbones. Subsequently, the development of xanthene nanoplatforms based on NIR fluorescence for biological applications was detailed. Overall, this work outlines future efforts and directions for improving NIR xanthene derivatives to meet evolving clinical needs. It is anticipated that this contribution could provide a viable reference for the strategic design of organic NIR fluorophores, thereby enhancing their potential clinical practice in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly(ester amide)-based materials for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds.","authors":"Patrícia Dos Santos, Beatriz Alves, Sara Inocêncio, Pedro Nunes, Stephen M Richardson, Antonio Gloria, Arménio Serra, Ana Clotilde Fonseca, Marco Domingos","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02220c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02220c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with imprinted physical, chemical and topographical cues is instrumental in tissue engineering strategies to instruct cell function and guide the regeneration of tissues. α-Amino acids based poly(ester amide)s (AAA-PEAs), combining the biocompatibility and biodegradability of polyesters with the superior mechanical properties of polyamides, have emerged as promising scaffolding materials. However, their processing <i>via</i> extrusion-based 3D printing remains challenging due to the lack of polymeric structures with suitable molecular weight and thermal stability. Here, we develop a new library of high molecular weight AAA-PEAs based on L-alanine (PEA-ala), L-alanine/glycine (PEA-ala-gly (75 : 25)) and L-alanine/glycine/jeffamine (PEA-ala-gly-jeff (50 : 25 : 25)) and investigate their performance as polymeric materials for 3D printing against commercially available poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals the stability of AAA-PEAs at high temperatures, enabling their processing <i>via</i> melt-extrusion printing. Despite differences in complex viscosity between PCL and AAA-PEAs, highlighted by oscillatory rheology measurements, the printability of AAA-PEAs does not seem to be compromised, resulting in 3D scaffolds with good shape-fidelity. Additional physicochemical characterisation of synthesised materials also confirm the possibility of fabricating two-dimensional (2D) films and 3D scaffolds with different mechanical properties, wettability and degradation profiles, depending on the AAA-PEA used. Biological tests carried out <i>in vitro</i> confirm the ability of synthesised materials to support the adhesion and function of metabolically active human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). The newly synthesised AAA-PEAs expand the range of processable materials <i>via</i> melt-extrusion and contribute to the fabrication of scaffolds with tuneable physicochemical properties for improved tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional metal-phenolic nanoparticles with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for osteomyelitis management.","authors":"Qinsheng Hu, Chengcheng Wu, Ling Wang, Dan Cao, Junchao Wang, Yangrui Du, Miao Liu, Kaijun Li","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02649g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02649g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteomyelitis is a serious inflammatory disease mostly caused by bacterial infections. It is necessary to simultaneously eradicate bacterial cells and inhibit inflammation in treating osteomyelitis. Herein, we design an innovative zinc ion (Zn²⁺)-based nano delivery system for the management of osteomyelitis. Taking advantage of the coordination self-assembly of Zn²⁺, quercetin (QU), and ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL), Zn²⁺-containing nanoparticles (denoted as ZQE NPs) are prepared. ZQE NPs are spherical nanoparticles with amorphous structures. They are stable in the physiological neutral environment but can be dissociated in an acidic microenvironment of infection sites. Since Zn²⁺ is encapsulated into ZQE NPs by coordination interaction, the deactivation of Zn²⁺ by proteins can be effectively avoided. Therefore, ZQE NPs can maintain excellent bactericidal activity in a protein-rich environment, while dissociative Zn²⁺ doesn't exhibit obvious bactericidal ability. Meanwhile, ZQE NPs are highly effective at scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, due to the strong anti-inflammatory effects of QU and Zn²⁺. The <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic efficacy of ZQE NPs is assessed using a rat model of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis. Results demonstrate that ZQE NPs effectively eradicate bacterial cells and reduce inflammation <i>in vivo</i>, thereby promoting osteogenesis and recovery of osteomyelitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fiber-shaped ultrasonic transducer by designing a flexible epoxy/nano-zirconia composite as an acoustic matching layer.","authors":"Jiaqi Wu, Yichi Zhang, Yue Liu, Yuanyuan Zheng, Kailiang Xu, Peining Chen, Huisheng Peng","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02063d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02063d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acoustic matching layers play an important role in ultrasonic transducers. However, the acoustic matching layer with both intrinsic flexibility and high acoustic impedance remains an unmet need to achieve high-performing flexible ultrasonic transducers. Herein, we present an epoxy/nano-zirconia composite with excellent flexibility and acoustic performance by the chemical coupling method. (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane was used to effectively disperse nano-zirconia particles in epoxy resin, and endow the resultant composite with flexibility. After carefully adjusting the additions of nano-zirconia particles and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, the modulus of the epoxy/nano-zirconia composite was 4.5 MPa, combined with an elongation at break over 90%. The acoustic impedance of the epoxy/nano-zirconia composite (∼4.5 MRayl) exceeded that of other typical polymer counterparts. The flexible acoustic matching layer based on an epoxy/nano-zirconia composite could significantly improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of ultrasonic transducers. A fiber-shaped ultrasonic transducer with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth was fabricated, displaying promising application potential in wearable medical electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipyramidal gold nanoparticles-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy for ocular applications.","authors":"David Alba-Molina, Manuel Cano, Mario Blanco-Blanco, Laura Ortega-Llamas, Yolanda Jiménez-Gómez, Ana Gonzalez-Lopez, Mayelin Perez-Perdomo, Luis Camacho, Juan J Giner-Casares, Miguel Gonzalez-Andrades","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02688h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02688h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) play a key role in the field of nanomedicine due to their fascinating plasmonic properties as well as their great biocompatibility. An intriguing application is the use of plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) mediated by anisotropic AuNPs irradiated with a near-infrared (NIR) laser for treating ocular diseases in ophthalmology. For this purpose, bipyramidal-shaped AuNPs (BipyAu), which were surface-functionalized with three different organic ligands (citrate, polystyrene sulphonate (PSS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), were synthesized. The long-term storage stability was assured, in terms of minimal variation in aspect ratio and localized surface plasmon resonance. Better performance was achieved with BipyAu@citrate and BipyAu@PSS NPs. PPTT experiments mediated with the synthesized BipyAu NPs demonstrated that BipyAu@citrate provided the highest value of temperature increase (40 °C at 2.0 W cm^-2) after 15 min of 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. The potential future clinical application in ophthalmology was assessed by <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity analysis, confirming that BipyAu@citrate NPs were biocompatible for the three major corneal cell types. Furthermore, <i>ex vivo</i> analysis was performed by treating pig corneas with BipyAu@citrate NPs (0.18 μg Au) and subsequent NIR laser irradiation at 808 nm for 15 min, showing distortions in the collagen type I fibrils at the ultrastructural level and promoting the flattening of the corneal surface after treatment, without inducing cell cytotoxicity. This work suggests that a precise control of the fibril distortions can be provoked by PPTT mediated with BipyAu@citrate in the NIR region, paving the way for nanomedicine to correct common deficiencies in corneal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A versatile two-light mode triggered system for highly localized sequential release of reactive oxygen species and conjugated drugs from mesoporous organosilica particles.","authors":"Hannah Bronner, Katharina Doll-Nikutta, Sören Donath, Nina Ehlert, Yaşar Krysiak, Alexander Heisterkamp, Meike Stiesch, Stefan Kalies, Sebastian Polarz","doi":"10.1039/d4tb02691h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4tb02691h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects of systemic treatments calls for urgent reevaluation of current methods that rely on excessive, uncontrolled drug administration. In recent years triggerable systems have emerged as promising alternatives, enabling time-controlled and localized drug release, which are only activated if necessary. Light is an obvious candidate as an external trigger, since it allows for localized activation, is non-invasive and its wavelength and intensity can be tailored to fit the demands of the drug release system. Such localized and triggered systems minimize off-target effects and undesired exposure, making it a promising tool for combating health threats such as antimicrobial resistance. However, the limited tissue penetration of visible light significantly limits the applicability of this concept <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we introduce an innovative triggerable drug release system, based on mono-, bi-, and tri-functionalized mesoporous organosilica particles (MOPs). The limited tissue penetration is addressed by an advanced trigger system featuring two-photon absorption. Two-photon absorption enables utilization of near-infrared (NIR) light as a trigger, which is known to exhibit an enhanced penetration depth. The particles are designed to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon NIR irradiation and undergo Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to a ROS producing dye. Moreover, by oxidative cleavage, an additional therapeutic agent is released in a cascade reaction, enhancing the system's effectiveness. The ROS release is microscopically demonstrated <i>in situ</i> and, for the first time, release of a fluorescent compound (therapeutic agent) in a cascade reaction is observed in real-time, providing valuable insights into the behavior and performance of our particles. This novel sequential dual-release platform for light-triggered therapeutic delivery has great potential for advanced therapeutic applications in both superficial and deep tissue treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of materials chemistry. B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}