Journal of hazardous materials最新文献

{"title":"Conditionally restricted detection of nitrite under acidic conditions by activatable fluorescent probes.","authors":"Xiang Wang, Yu Guo, Long Zhao, Yuqin Yang, Peng Wei, Tao Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a commonly used food additive, excessive nitrite intake seriously affects people's health in daily life. As the stomach is the main organ involved in nitrite intake, achieving fast and in situ detection of nitrite in the stomach is of great significance for avoiding the hazards caused by nitrite. However, owing to the poor stability or low sensitivity of existing fluorescent probes under acidic conditions, their application for nitrite detection within the stomach remains challenging. To solve this problem, we developed novel probes specifically designed to maintain stability and demonstrate high sensitivity to nitrite under acidic conditions. Utilizing the optimized probe (DHUROS-11), nitrite levels in environmental and real samples were successfully quantified. Notably, tracing of nitrite within the stomach of mice in real time was realized by using DHUROS-11 as the probe.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient degradation and mineralization of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by the synergy of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system.","authors":"Yinghui Lin, Yuehua Zhang, Yonghao Wang, Yuancai Lv, Linyan Yang, Zhijie Chen, Bing-Jie Ni, Xueming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (MPs) in waters has posed considerable threats to the environment and humans. In this work, a heterogeneous electro-Fenton-activated persulfate oxidation system with the FeS₂-modified carbon felt as the cathode (abbreviated as EF-SR) was proposed for the efficient degradation of PET MPs. The results showed that i) the EF-SR system removed 91.3 ± 0.9 % of 100 mg/L PET after 12 h at the expense of trace loss (< 0.07 %) of [Fe] and that ii) dissolved organics and nanoplastics were first formed and accumulated and then quickly consumed in the EF-SR system. In addition to the destruction of the surface morphology, considerable changes in the surface structure of PET were noted after EF-SR treatment. On top of the emergence of the O-H bond, the ratio of C-O/C=O to C-C increased from 0.25 to 0.35, proving the rupture of the backbone of PET and the formation of oxygen-containing groups on the PET surface. With the verified involvement and contributions of SO₄^•- and ^•OH^, three possible paths were proposed to describe the degradation of PET towards complete mineralization through chain cleavage and oxidation in the EF-SR system.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integration of omics and cultivation-dependent methods could effectively determine the biological risks associated with the utilization of soil conditioners in agriculture.","authors":"Arianna Peruzzo, Sara Petrin, Aurora Boscolo Anzoletti, Marzia Mancin, Andrea Di Cesare, Raffaella Sabatino, Maria Cristina Lavagnolo, Giovanni Beggio, Giulia Baggio, Patrizia Danesi, Lisa Barco, Carmen Losasso","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the circular economy, reusing agricultural residues, treated biowaste, and sewage sludges-commonly referred to as soil conditioners-in agriculture is essential for converting waste into valuable resources. However, these materials can also contribute to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in treated soils. In this study, we analyzed different soil conditioners categorized into five groups: compost from source-separated biowaste and green waste, agro-industrial digestate, digestate from anaerobic digestion of source-separated biowaste, compost from biowaste digestate, and sludges from wastewater treatment plants. Under Italian law, only the first two categories are approved for agricultural use, despite Regulation 1009/2019/EU allowing the use of digestate from anaerobic digestion of source-separated biowaste in CE-marked fertilizers. We examined the bacterial community and associated resistome of each sample using metagenomic approaches. Additionally, we detected and isolated various pathogens to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential risks associated with sludge application in agriculture. The compost samples exhibited higher bacterial diversity and a greater abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria compared to other samples, except for wastewater treatment plant sludges, which had the highest frequency of Salmonella isolation and resistome diversity. Our findings suggest integrating omics and cultivation-dependent methods to accurately assess the biological risks of using sludge in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling external loadings, hydrodynamics and biogeochemical controls on the fate of nitrate in a coastal embayment.","authors":"Wenzhao Liang, Xin Luo, Yi Liu, Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Meiqing Lu, Zhenwei Yan, Xingxing Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen, as an essential nutrient, largely contributes to the coastal eutrophication. However, the accurate depiction and evaluation of how external loadings, hydrodynamics, and biogeochemical reactions mediate the occurrence, transport, and transformation of nitrate (NO₃^-) within coastal embayment still pose ongoing challenges to date. In this study, we took advantage of dual isotopes of NO₃^- to track external NO₃^- loadings, radium and dual isotopes of H₂O to characterize the influences of hydrodynamic on NO₃^- transport, δ¹⁸O-NO₃^- and δ¹⁸O-H₂O along with microbial analysis to explore major NO₃^- biogeochemical reactions in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. The multiple isotopic evidence showed that NO₃^- in surface harbour water was predominantly contributed by precipitation in wet season and its impact was strengthened by stratification. In dry season, NO₃^- in the surface harbour water became largely influenced by benthic input and biogeochemical reactions due to intensified vertical mixing. Based on NO₃^- mass balance model, biogeochemical reaction, especially nitrification, was found to be the major process to secure the closure of NO₃^- budget and increase NO₃^- inventory from wet to dry season. Hydrodynamics redistributed the external NO₃^- loadings and mediated nitrogen biogeochemical reactions, both of which further synergistically regulated the fate of NO₃^- in the embayment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing variability and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater fluoride contamination and its associated health risks in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India.","authors":"Balram Ambade, Shrikanta Shankar Sethi, Kalpana Patidar, Sneha Gautam, Mohammed Alshehri","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater pollution caused by fluoride is a significant concern for the global population owing to its toxicity, which has negative health consequences. Industrial discharges, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal are primary concerns in evaluating the degree of fluoride contamination in the selected districts of Eastern India. In a targeted area sampling approach, exactly 196 samples were collected during pre- and post-monsoon, and precise fluoride detection was performed using Ion-Selective Electrodes. Fluoride levels in pre-monsoon water were observed within a range of 0.02 to 2.7 mg/L, with an average abundance of 0.4 ± 0.50. In post-monsoon, the concentration ranged from 0.02 to 4.7 mg/L (mean 0.53 ± 0.60). The study found that 97 % of groundwater samples had acceptable fluoride levels within the 1.5 mg/L limit during pre and post-monsoon. Moreover, approximately 87 % of the samples exhibit fluoride content below the 1 mg/L limit. The hazard quotient was observed to be 0.17 to 0.58 in adults, 0.23 to 0.79 in children and 0.36 to 1.26 in infants during pre-monsoon, whereas 0.05 to 0.55 in adults, 0.12 to 0.74 in children and 0.11to 1.19 in infants during post monsoon. The above data indicates that infants had the highest risk of fluoride exposure, with a significant negative correlation between fluoride and calcium ions. Fluoride had minimal to no link with other ions, a modest positive correlation with sulfate, and a weak negative relationship with overall hardness and alkalinity across both seasons. The present study contributes towards the identification of fluoride levels in various areas, making society aware of water contamination and its health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking produced water treatment strategies for non-toxic effluents: Integrating thermal distillation with granular activated carbon and zeolite post-treatment.","authors":"Yeinner Tarazona, Haoyu B Wang, Mike Hightower, Pei Xu, Yanyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of produced water (PW) generated during oil and gas operations requires effective treatment and comprehensive chemical and toxicological assessment to reduce the environmental risks associated with reuse or discharge. This study evaluated a treatment train that included a low-temperature thermal distillation pilot system followed by granular activated carbon (GAC) and zeolite post-treatment for processing hypersaline Permian Basin PW. Our study provides a unique and comprehensive assessment of the treatment efficiency considering a targeted chemical scheme together with whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests across four trophic levels regarding aquatic critical receptors of concern (ROC): Raphidocelis subcapitata, Vibrio fischeri, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Danio rerio. The distillate from the thermal distillation process met various numeric discharge standards for salinity and major ions. However, it did not meet toxicity requirements established by the United States National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program. Subsequent post-treatment using GAC and zeolite reduced the concentration of potential stressors, including volatile organics, NH₃, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Mn in the final effluent to below detection limits. This resulted in a consistent toxicity reduction across all WET tests, with no observable adverse effects for R. subcapitata, C. dubia, and D. rerio (no observed effect concentration >100%), and V. fischeri effects reduced to 19%. This study realizes the feasibility of treating PW to non-toxic levels and meeting reuse and discharge requirements. It underscores the importance of implementing integrated treatment trains to remove the contaminants of concern and provides a systematic decision framework to predict and monitor environmental risks associated with PW reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cd exposure confers β-cypermethrin tolerance in Lymantria dispar by activating the ROS/CnCC signaling pathway-mediated P450 detoxification.","authors":"Mingtao Tan, Hong Jiang, Rusong Chai, Miao Fan, Zengting Niu, Guotong Sun, Shanchun Yan, Dun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal pollutants are important abiotic environmental factors affecting pest habitats. In this study, Cd pre-exposure significantly increased the tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae to β-cypermethrin, but did not significantly alter their tolerance to λ-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin. The activation of P450 by Cd exposure is the key mechanism that induces insecticide cross-tolerance in L. dispar larvae. Both before and after β-cypermethrin treatment, Cd exposure significantly increased the expression of CYP6AB224 and CYP6AB226 in L. dispar larvae. Silencing CYP6AB224 and CYP6AB226 reduced the tolerance of Cd-treated L. dispar larvae to β-cypermethrin. Transgenic CYP6AB224 and CYP6AB226 genes significantly increased the tolerance of Drosophila and Sf9 cells to β-cypermethrin, and the recombinant proteins of both genes could significantly metabolise β-cypermethrin. Cd exposure significantly increased the expression of CnCC and Maf. CnCC was found to be a key transcription factor regulating CYP6AB224- and CYP6AB226-activated insecticide cross-tolerance in Cd-treated larvae. Decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the Cd-treated larvae or increasing ROS levels in the untreated larvae reduced or enhanced the expression of CnCC, CYP6AB224 and CYP6AB226 and β-cypermethrin tolerance in L. dispar larvae, respectively. Collectively, Cd exposure confers β-cypermethrin tolerance in L. dispar larvae through the ROS/CnCC signalling pathway-mediated P450 detoxification.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlooked role of CO₃·^- reactivity with different dissociation forms of organic micropollutants in degradation kinetics modeling: A case study of fluoxetine degradation in a UV/peroxymonosulfate system.","authors":"Die Zhou, Huaying Liu, Yixi Huang, Yingjie Li, Nian Wang, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective oxidizing agent carbonate radical (CO₃^•-) is an important secondary radical in radical-based advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment. However, the role of CO₃^•- in removing ionizable organic micropollutants (OMs) under environmentally relevant conditions remains unclear. Herein we investigated CO₃^•- effect on degradation kinetics of fluoxetine in UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system based on a built radical model considering CO₃^•- reactivity differences with its different dissociation forms. Results revealed that the model, which incorporated CO₃^•- selective reactivity (with determined second-order rate constants, k_src,CO3·-, of 7.33 ×10⁶ and 2.56 ×10⁸ M^-1s^-1 for cationic and neutral fluoxetine, respectively) provided significantly more accurate predictions of fluoxetine degradation rates (k). A good linear correlation was observed between k_src,CO3·- from experiments and literatures for 24 ionizable OMs and their molecular orbital energy gaps and oxidation potentials, suggesting the possible electron transfer reaction mechanism. Cl^- slightly reduced the degradation rates of fluoxetine owing to rapid transformation of Cl^• with HCO₃^- into CO₃^•-, which partially compensated for the quenching effects of Cl^- on HO^• and SO₄^•-. Dissolved organic matter significantly quenched reactive radicals. The constructed kinetic model successfully predicted fluoxetine degradation rates in real waters, with CO₃^•- being the dominant contributor (∼90 %) to this degradation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmentation of beach plastic fragments' contours based on self-organizing map and multi-shape descriptors: A rapid indication of fragmentation and wearing types.","authors":"Lei Su, Xinyue Dong, Junjie Peng, Hong Cheng, Nicholas J Craig, Bo Hu, Juan-Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental plastic fragments have been verified as byproducts of large plastic and its secondary pollutants including micro and nanoplastics. There are few quantitative studies available, but their contours have values for the weathering mechanisms. We used geometric descriptors, fractal dimensions, and Fourier descriptors to characterize field and artificial polyethylene and polypropylene samples as a means of investigating the contour characteristics. It provides a methodological framework for contour classification. Unsupervised classification was performed using self-organizing neural networks with size-invariance parameters. We revealed the isometric phenomenon of plastic fragments during fragmentation, i.e., that the degree of contour rounding and complexity increase and decrease, respectively, with decreasing fragment size. With an average error rate of 8.9 %, we can distinguish artificial samples from field samples. It was also validated by the difference in Carbonyl Index between groups. We propose a two-stage process for plastic fragmentation and give three types of contour features which were key in the description of fragmented contours, i.e., size, complexity, and rounding. Our work will improve the accuracy of characterizations regarding the weathering and fragmentation processes of certain kinds of plastic fragments. The contour parameters also have the potential to be applied in more realistic scenarios and varied polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromoionophoric molecular probe infused bimodal porous polymer rostrum as solid-state ocular sensor for the selective and expeditious optical sensing of ultra-trace toxic mercury ions.","authors":"Prabhakaran Srinivasan, Sushmitha P Sivaraman, Akhila Maheswari Mohan, Deepan Kumar Madhu, Pitchaiah K Chinaraga, C V S Brahmananda Rao, Sivaraman Nagarajan, Prabhakaran Deivasigamani","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a distinctive solid-state naked-eye colorimetric sensing approach by encapsulating a chromoionophoric probe onto a hybrid macro-/meso-pore polymer scaffold for fast and selective sensing of ultra-trace Hg(II). The customized structural/surface properties of the poly(VPy-co-TM) monolith are attained by specific proportions of 2-vinylpyridine (VPy), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TM), and pore-tuning solvents. The interconnected porous network of poly(VPy-co-TM), inherent superior surface area and porosity, is captivating for the homogeneous/voluminous incorporation of probe molecules, i.e., 7-((4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)quinoline-8-ol (MPDQ), for the target-specific colorimetric detection. The structural morphology, surface topography, and phase characteristics of the bare poly(VPy-co-TM) monolith and MPDQ@poly(VPy-co-TM) sensor are examined using HR-TEM-SAED (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy - Selected Area Electron Diffraction), FE-SEM-EDAX (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), p-XRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), UV-Vis-DRS (Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy), and BET/BJH (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller / Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) analysis. The distinctive properties of the sensor reveal a constrained geometrical orientation of the MPDQ probe onto the long-range continuous monolithic network of meso-/-macropore template, enabling selective interaction with Hg(II) with peculiar color transfiguration from pale yellow to deep brown. The sensor demonstrates a linear spectral-color alliance in the 0-200 ppb concentration range for Hg(II), with quantification and detection limits of 0.63 and 0.19 ppb. The sensor efficacy is verified using certified contaminated water and tobacco samples, with excellent reusability, reliability, and reproducibility of ≥ 99.23 % (RSD ≤1.89 %) and ≥ 99.19 % (RSD ≤1.94 %) of Hg(II), respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":"478 ","pages":"135483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142038100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}