Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"Development of a quantitative duplex droplet digital PCR for the detection of genetically modified COT102 cotton event.","authors":"Yingjie Liang, Xiaojia Liu, Jin Liu, Jie Dong, Dongwei Gao","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the implementation of genetically modified (GM) component labeling thresholds and low-level presence requirements in an increasing number of countries and regions, the demand for accurate quantitative detection has grown substantially. Meanwhile, digital PCR exhibits significant advantages over conventional real-time PCR for the quantification of GM components.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, a quantitative method of GM COT102 cotton event using duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The duplex ddPCR system was designed to simultaneously quantify the copy number (CN) concentrations of the COT102 event-specific sequence and those of AdhC, an endogenous reference gene of cotton, within a single reaction. The ratio of the CN concentrations of COT102 to that of AdhC was calculated as the percentage of GM component.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative limit of quantification (LOQrel.) for GM component COT102 was 0.1%, with the linear quantification ranges of COT102 and AdhC determined as 0.61-216 copies/μL and 0.54-261 copies/μL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A quantitative method using duplex ddPCR for the detection of GM COT102 cotton event was established.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This method is completely capable of meeting the quantification requirements worldwide, even the regions with the lowest labeling threshold, and is suitable for the detection of GM components in raw cotton, cottonseed oil and cottonseed meal.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality evaluation of Sanfu Paste by combining multi-dimensional fingerprint with chemometrics.","authors":"Yuwei Liu, Haibo Jiang, Ying Lv, Wenqing Li, Wei Liao, Jiansheng Cao, Wenfei Lu, Yufei Feng","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The investigation of Sanfu paste (SFP) has mostly concentrated on its clinical applications, mechanistic study, and the enhancement of dosage forms; conversely, quality evaluation has been comparatively overlooked and hardly documented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to develop a thorough technique for SFP quality evaluation by the integration of multidimensional fingerprinting, chemometrics, and multicomponent content analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) fingerprinting techniques were established to evaluate compositional similarity among 16 batches of SFP from various geographical sources. Ten primary bioactive constituents-sinapine thiocyanate, corydaline, coptisine, berberine hydrochloride, dehydrocorydaline, euphol, methyl eugenol, safrole, elemicin, and sinapic acid-were quantitatively assessed. Thorough quality evaluation utilised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten distinct chemical compounds were discovered, demonstrating batch-to-batch diversity in concentration; notably, sinapine thiocyanate and methyl eugenol exhibited comparatively larger abundances. The similarity indices between HPLC and GC fingerprints for 16 SFP batches surpassed 0.9. HCA and PCA produced consistent clustering patterns. The OPLS-DA model exhibited stability and robustness, identifying euphol, dehydrocorydaline, sinapine thiocyanate, and methyl eugenol as the primary discriminatory markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study developed a chemical fingerprinting and quantitative content-determination approach that offers an accurate and dependable instrument for the quality evaluation and thorough assessment of SFP.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>GC and HPLC fingerprinting techniques, along with quantitative content-determination assays for SFP, were established for the inaugural time. These approaches are essential for clarifying the pharmacological foundation of its bioactive components and for thorough quality evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Four Characteristic Constituents from Cocculus orbiculatus in Rats Using UHPLC-Q-trap-MS/MS.","authors":"Xia Chen, Jiangying Peng, Di Wu, Daopeng Tan, Yuan Xiong, Hao Liang, Lin Qin, Annian Liu, Maochen Wei, Xingdong Wu, Yuqi He","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC, a plant belonging to the genus Cocculus of the Menispermaceae, is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and other constituents, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. However, studies on the in vivo processes of its bioactive components remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study established a UHPLC-Q-trap-MS/MS-based detection method to explore the pharmacokinetic profile and tissue distribution of magnoflorine, oblongine, syringic acid, and laurifoline in rats after intragastric administration of Cocculus orbiculatus extract.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A UHPLC-Q-trap-MS/MS method with MRM in ESI± modes was developed to quantify magnoflorine, laurotetanine, oblongine, and syringic acid in rat plasma and tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, prostate, intestine, and stomach) after oral administration of Cocculus orbiculatus extract to SD rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No obvious interference from endogenous substances was observed for the internal standard and analytes in plasma and liver samples, and the established method exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients r exceeding 0.999. In addition, the precision, accuracy, stability, matrix effect, and extraction recovery of this method met the requirements of biological sample analysis. Pharmacokinetic results indicated that after intragastric administration, magnoflorine, oblongine, and syringic acid were eliminated rapidly, while laurifoline was eliminated slowly. Tissue distribution results revealed that magnoflorine, oblongine, and laurifoline were detectable in all examined tissues, with the highest levels in the intestine and stomach, while syringic acid was detectable only in the kidney and stomach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the established method enables sensitive detection of chemical components in plasma and tissues, exhibiting good selectivity, specificity, precision, and reproducibility. Therefore, the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution characteristics can provide references for optimizing clinical dosing regimens and exploring pharmacodynamic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Results from this study offer important insights into administration dosage in pharmacodynamic research of Cocculus orbiculatus and support further exploration of its pharmacodynamic material basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne.","authors":"Thi Ly Pham, Chi-Dat Lam, Viet Phong Nguyen","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne. is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Korea, Japan, and China, where it has long been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. Although numerous studies have investigated its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological potential, a comprehensive review summarizing the current knowledge on its botany, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities is still lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review provides a comprehensive summary of the phytochemical constituents, botanical characteristics, distribution, and pharmacological activities reported for S. hexaphylla.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was collected from several electronic databases, including Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used in the search strategy included \"Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne,\" \"Stauntonia hexaphylla,\" \"S. hexaphylla,\" \"phytochemical constituents,\" \"botanical characteristics,\" \"distribution,\" and \"biological activities\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To date, 115 secondary metabolites have been identified from this plant, including 25 triterpenoids (1-25), 47 saponins (26-72), 21 flavonoids (73-93), 14 phenolic compounds (94-107), 3 lignans (108-110), and 5 other compounds (111-115). Pharmacological investigations have revealed diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic effects, anti-prostatic hyperplasia, antidepressant, anti-fatigue, anti-postmenopausal, anti-alopecia, and antidiabetic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the rich phytochemical diversity and broad pharmacological potential of S. hexaphylla, supporting its continued investigation as a valuable medicinal resource and a promising source of bioactive compounds.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A total of 115 secondary metabolites have been identified from S. hexaphylla, with saponins representing the major phytochemical constituents. The plant also exhibits diverse biological activities, particularly notable anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic compounds from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (L. aggregata) leaves and their effects on colitis: A preliminary study.","authors":"Li Jiang, Jiahua Liu, Xin Bi, Xusheng Wen, Kexin Tao, Hua Zhang, Xin Peng, Fanghua Guo","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developing active ingredients derived from natural plants for the intervention of ulcerative colitis (UC) is an effective strategy to replace conventional drugs with severe side effects. Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (L. aggregata) leaves are an edible and medicinal herb with significant commercial value. However, the phenolics of these leaves and their effects in alleviating colitis remain unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Analysis of polyphenolic components from L. aggregata leaves and their mechanism of action in improving colitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the phenolic composition and digestive properties of the methanol extract derived from L. aggregata leaves (LLME) were characterized using UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with an in vitro digestion model. Subsequently, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice was employed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty phenolic components were tentatively identified from the LLME, mainly including kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosides. These compounds exhibited different digestive fates in the gastrointestinal tract, and might reach the colon. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LLME treatment effectively ameliorated weight loss and colon shortening, upregulated the expression of tight junction (TJ) protein, and suppressed the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MAPK pathways, thereby inhibiting the production of downstream inflammatory mediators. Additionally, LLME regulated the intestinal microbiota and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that LLME exerts a comprehensive protective effect on intestinal inflammation through multi-target regulation. This work offers a potential natural candidate for further preclinical and clinical evaluation in UC management, and provides a foundation for the application of L. aggregata leaves as functional food resources.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This work systematically characterized the polyphenols and their in vitro digestive characteristics of L. aggregata leaves, and firstly elucidated their action mechanisms in alleviating colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Determination of D-Malic Acid in Selected Foods: AOAC Official Method 2026.02 First Action.","authors":"Markus Lacorn, Thomas Hektor","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>: D-malic acid is one of the two stereoisomers that make up racemic (DL-) malic acid, which is commonly produced through chemical synthesis. In contrast, naturally occurring malic acid found in fruits, fruit juices, and wines consists almost exclusively of the L-isomer, with little or no D-malic acid being present. Therefore, the presence of D-malic acid in a natural product such as wine or fruit juice serves as an indicator that racemic DL-malic acid has been artificially added.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To validate the performance of the D-Malic acid test kit (Enzytec™ Liquid D-Malic acid) for the determination of D-malic acid in food such as soft drinks, fruit juices, tomato juice, and wine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>D-malic acid is oxidized by NAD+ in the presence of D-malate dehydrogenase to pyruvate and carbon dioxide. The NADH produced is equivalent to D-malic acid converted and is measured at 340 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>α-Ketoglutaric acid, sulfite, and meso-tartaric acid do not interfere at or below 0.5 g/L, 0.5 g/L and 0.2 g/L, respectively. L-tartaric acid reacts and leads to a creep reaction which can be eliminated by precipitation or extrapolation. LOD is at 4 mg/L for 100 µL. The linear measurement range is 14 mg/L to 500 mg/L for a test volume of 100 µL. Recovery was checked in grape juice, tomato juice, lemonade, pineapple juice, currant juice, bitter lemon and apple juice and resulted in mean recoveries between 90 and 103%. Trueness was also evaluated using reference wines and a fruit juice CRM. For automation, two applications with different test volumes were validated. Linearity is given from 5 up to 2500 mg/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method is robust and accurate for manual and automated applications. The method was approved as AOAC Official Method of Analysis℠.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The kit contains two ready-to-use components which make handling easy and suitable for automation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a paper strip method for detecting formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish.","authors":"S J Laly, Priya E R, Satyen Kumar Panda, Joshy C G, Zynudheen A A, Ravishankar C N","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Illegal treatment of seafood with formaldehyde can danger consumers as it is a toxic carcinogenic chemical comes under list of class I carcinogen by \"International Agency for Research on Cancer\". Faster testing methods for field level detection can prevent marketing of formaldehyde contaminated fishes as instrumental testing are time consuming. Rapid paper strip method for screening the formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish named 'CIFTest' was developed by ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology is a qualitative non-destructive test method. Validation details of this testing technique are highly relevant as this test is recommended for rapid on-site screening of formaldehyde contamination by food safety officials.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study describes the validation of rapid paper strip-based detection of formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish based on ISPAM guidelines for qualitative binary chemistry methods given by AOAC International.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Validation study covered performance characteristics limit of detection (LOD), selectivity, specificity, probability of detection (POD), applicability, ruggedness, and comparison with instrumental method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LOD of the kit is determined as 4 mg/Kg. Appearance of green to blue colouration in the paper strip indicate the presence of the formaldehyde. The test kit is selective and specific in detecting the targeted compound formaldehyde in comparison to non-targeted compounds namely acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. POD determined at LOD is 95% and β error is 5%. Observed 95% POD from 4 mg/Kg onwards of formaldehyde in fish. The method is rugged and applicable in different fish matrices. Randomly screened positive samples were in the range of 4.1 to 26.78 mg/Kg by HPLC analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirms that the developed paper strip is adequate and validated for assessing the formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Paper strip-based testing using 'CIFTest' kit, is highly suitable and valid method for faster screening of formaldehyde contamination in fresh fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an ICP-MS Method using Ammonium Fluoride to Replace Hydrofluoric Acid for Analysis of Cosmetic Ingredients.","authors":"Mai Tamura, Eri Matsumoto, Naoki Sakakibara, Satoshi Ishiguro, Reiji Kubota","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several countries and regions have established regulations or guidelines specifying permissible limits for elemental impurities in cosmetic products. Surveys of commercially available cosmetics have shown that lipsticks often contain significant amounts of elemental impurities, which are of particular concern due to the high risk of oral exposure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, the elemental impurities in eight commonly used cosmetic ingredients were analyzed, namely silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, synthetic mica, natural mica, beeswax, Ricinus communis (castor) seed oil, and Lithol Rubine B.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total dissolution of the samples was achieved via microwave digestion, employing an ammonium fluoride solution as a safer alternative to highly toxic hydrofluoric acid (HF). Subsequently, 14 elements-chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium, cadmium, tin, antimony, mercury, and lead-were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limits of detection and quantification, as well as the accuracy and precision of the analytical method, were validated, confirming its suitability for the reliable determination of total elemental impurities in cosmetic ingredients. The inorganic ingredients contained relatively higher concentrations of elemental impurities than the organic ingredients. Se, Cd, and Hg were not detected in any samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed analytical method eliminates the requirement for HF, thereby enhancing analyst safety. Accurate determination and control of elemental impurity levels-particularly in inorganic cosmetic ingredients-are essential for minimizing contamination and ensuring product safety.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>By avoiding the use of highly toxic HF, the analytical method presented in this study enhances analyst safety while maintaining high accuracy, rendering it a practical tool for cosmetic quality control and research and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Phenylephrine Bitartrate, and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in an Effervescent Tablet Formulation.","authors":"Selin Atlı, Özlem Aksu Dönmez","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multi-component effervescent tablets containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DMH), phenylephrine bitartrate (PB), and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) pose analytical challenges due to their complex excipient composition and moisture sensitivity. Accurate quantification of these active pharmaceutical ingredients and their related degradation products or impurities is essential for product quality and stability evaluation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a stability-indicating reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of ASA, DMH, PB, CPM in an effervescent tablet formulation, together with the monitoring of selected related impurities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromatographic separation was achieved on an InertSustain C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a phosphate buffer-methanol gradient containing sodium heptane sulfonate at pH 2.0, with dual-wavelength detection at 215 and 304 nm. The method was validated per ICH Q2(R2) for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and solution stability. Forced degradation studies under acid, base, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions confirmed stability-indicating capability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method provided baseline resolution of all analytes within a single chromatographic program. Linearity (R² > 0.998 for APIs, > 0.993 for impurities), recoveries (98-102% for APIs, 90-110% for impurities), and precision (%RSD ≤ 2.0 for APIs, ≤ 5.0 for impurities) met acceptance criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed RP-HPLC method demonstrated reliable performance and can be applied for routine quality control and stability testing of the evaluated effervescent tablet formulation containing multiple active ingredients.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This method employs ion-pairing at pH 2.0 optimized for the effervescent matrix and dual-wavelength detection for the quantification of actives and selected impurities. Fully validated per ICH Q2(R2), it demonstrates a clear stability-indicating capability and suitability for QC and stability studies of the evaluated effervescent tablet formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological quality and antioxidant characteristics of different colored Desi and Kabuli chickpea accessions.","authors":"Hayati Akman, Seydi Aydoğan, Gökhan Zengin","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsag072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chickpeas are globally vital nutritional legumes, but the exact relationship between seed coat color, technological processing quality, and phytochemical profiles across diverse accessions remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the diversity associated with technological quality and phytochemical characteristics of twenty-eight Desi and Kabuli chickpea genotypes with varying seed coat colors, including brown, dark brown, light brown, green, black, and cream/beige.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Technological quality traits (protein content, color values, seed weight, volume, swelling, and water absorption) were assessed by standard protocols, and standard spectrophotometric assays were used to record total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that cream/beige Kabuli genotypes exhibited superior technological traits, including higher 100-seed weight (14.7-42.4 g), greater wet volume (130-180 mL), and enhanced water absorption (0.160-0.475 mL) and swelling capacities (0.165-0.435 mL), all of which were strongly and positively intercorrelated (r ≥ 0.94). Unrooted dendrogram analysis indicated that PI 360304 (light brown), PI 477297 (dark brown), PI 471915 (dark brown), and W6 24873 (green) were clustered together with notably high total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, along with strong antioxidant capacity, as confirmed by the CUPRAC, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cream/beige Kabuli genotypes were superior for technological quality, whereas colored Desi genotypes had significantly higher amounts of health-promoting compounds. These results are essential to contribute the clarification of genetic basis of this variability and to guide future breeding efforts in chickpeas.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The cream/beige Kabuli genotypes W6 17604, W6 25931, W6 25868, W6 17251, and PI 22585 consistently exhibited high values for technological quality parameters. The colored Desi genotypes PI 360304 (light brown), PI 477297 (dark brown), PI 471915 (dark brown), and W6 24873 (green) had high total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and strong antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}