Ibrain最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study of different dehydration methods in the process of preparing frozen brain sections","authors":"Hong-Su Zhou,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Yi-Huan Guan,&nbsp;Hua He,&nbsp;Li-Ren Huang Fu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to provide a recommendable protocol for the preparation of brain cryosections of rats to reduce and avoid ice crystals. We have designed five different dewatering solutions (Scheme 1: dehydrate with 15%, 20%, and 30% sucrose–phosphate-buffered saline solution; Scheme 2: 20% sucrose and 30% sucrose; Scheme 3: 30% sucrose; Scheme 4: 10%, 20%, and 30% sucrose; and Scheme 5: the tissue was dehydrated with 15% and 30% sucrose polyacetate I until it sank to the bottom, followed by placement in 30% sucrose polyacetate II) to minimize the formation of ice crystals. Cryosections from different protocols were stained with Nissl staining and compared with each other by density between cells and the distance of intertissue spaces. The time required for the dehydration process from Scheme 1 to Scheme 5 was 24, 23, 24, 24, and 33 h, respectively. Density between cells gradually decreased from Scheme 1 to Scheme 5, and the distance of intertissue spaces was differentiated and irregular in different schemes according to the images of Nissl staining. We recommend the dewatering method of Scheme 4 (the brain tissues were dehydrated in 10%, 20% and 30% sucrose solution in turn until the tissue samples were completely immersed in the solution and then immersed in the next concentration solution for dehydration).</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 2","pages":"164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86912704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of use of desflurane combined with dexmedetomidine in inhibiting postoperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients under general anesthesia: A perspective study","authors":"Yue Hu,&nbsp;Yong Ye,&nbsp;Hui Lin,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Chen,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Sun,&nbsp;Gong-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Yuan-Hang Shu,&nbsp;Xue Gong,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Ran,&nbsp;Jia-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Tao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to explore whether the combined application of desflurane and dexmedetomidine (Dex) reduces the occurrence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in patients. We selected patients in our hospital who underwent surgery under general anesthesia, and divided them into two groups: Dex and desflurane (Dex + Des) and desflurane (Des) groups. The data of patients were collected and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was used to assess cognitive status. The blood cell counts were determined preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 6, and the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes were also recorded. The statistical methods used were the independent-samples <i>t</i>-test and the <i>χ</i>² test. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between PND and inflammation. The incidence of PND in the Dex + Des group was lower than that in the Des group. The postoperative MMSE scores in the Dex + Des group were higher than those in the Des group (<i>p</i> = 0.032). The percentage of neutrophils in the Dex + Des group was significantly lower than that in the Des group on the first and third days after surgery (<i>p</i> = 0.007; <i>p</i> = 0.028). The MMSE scores on the first day after surgery were negatively correlated with the multiple changes in white blood counts and the percentage of neutrophils (<i>r</i> = −0.3038 and −0.3330). Dex combined with Des reduced the incidence of PND and reduced the postoperative inflammatory cell counts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 2","pages":"186-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84034053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairment induced by sevoflurane anesthesia is mediated by the cholinergic system after gastrointestinal surgery in older patients: A randomized, controlled trial","authors":"Xing-Xing Liu,&nbsp;Qing-Xu Yang,&nbsp;Yi Guo,&nbsp;Miao He,&nbsp;Zhen-He Yu,&nbsp;Qi Tian,&nbsp;Zhao-Qiong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, its mechanism of action remains controversial and complex. A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Older patients (aged 65 years and older) who underwent gastrointestinal surgery were randomly divided into sevoflurane-based or propofol-based anesthesia groups. The Mini-Mental State Examination was performed to evaluate cognitive function. Peripheral venous blood was collected to test the levels of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase. A total of 75 patients were enrolled and 30 patients in each group completed the study. On Day 1 postoperation, patients in the sevoflurane group showed worse performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination than patients in the propofol group. Lower blood choline acetyltransferase concentrations and higher acetylcholinesterase concentrations were observed in patients who had sevoflurane anesthesia than in patients who had propofol anesthesia 1 day postoperative. At 3 days postoperation, patients with sevoflurane- or propofol-based general anesthesia did not differ regardless of Mini-Mental State Examination score or choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase levels. Sevoflurane-based anesthesia has short-term delayed neurocognitive recovery in older surgical patients, which may be related to central cholinergic system degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 3","pages":"366-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of SAMSN1 contributes to neuroprotection in neonatal rats suffering from hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy injury","authors":"Yi-Bo Wang,&nbsp;Zong-Jin Gan,&nbsp;Jun-Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Somjit Wanchana,&nbsp;Xi-Liang Guo","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article aims to detect the effect of SAM domain, SH3 domain, and nuclear localization signal 1 (SAMSN1) in neonatal rats with neurological dysfunction induced by hypoxia and ischemia (HI). The HI model was created using 7-day postnatal rats. Zea-longa score was utilized to validate the neurological injury after HI. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods. The oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established in the SY5Y cells and fetal human cortical neurons. In addition, SAMSN1-small interfering RNA, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and cell growth curve were employed to evaluate the cell viability variation. Obviously, Zea-longa scores increased in rats with HI insult. Subsequently, SAMSN1 was screened out, and it was found that SAMSN1 was strikingly upregulated in SY5Y cells and fetal neurons post-OGD. Interestingly, we found that SAMSN1 silencing could markedly enhance cell viability and cell growth after OGD. These data suggested that downregulation of SAMSN1 may exert a neuroprotective effect on damaged neurons after HI by improving cell viability and cell survival, which provides a potential theoretical basis for clinical trials in the future to treat neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A typically progressive dissection of the internal carotid artery with recurrent hiccups: A case report with continuous 2-year data recording","authors":"Zong-Min Zhang,&nbsp;Xin-Xin Yang,&nbsp;Li Ling,&nbsp;Man-Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) usually report headache, neck pain, Horner's syndrome, and ischemic stroke. Because the posterior cranial nerve is involved, some patients may show different forms of posterior cranial nerve paralysis. There have been no reports of patients with ICAD showing repeated hiccups. Here, to help clinicians identify ICAD early and gain a better understanding of the atypical manifestations of the disease, we report an atypical case of recurrent hiccup symptoms caused by ICAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 1","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effective doses of remimazolam besylate in the procedural sedation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography","authors":"Dan-Dan Tan,&nbsp;Jin Gu,&nbsp;Juan Li,&nbsp;Wan-Qiu Yu,&nbsp;De-Xing Liu,&nbsp;Li-Jin Zhao,&nbsp;Guo-Hua Zhu,&nbsp;Xin-Xin Yang,&nbsp;Jin Tian,&nbsp;Qi Tian,&nbsp;Zhao-Qiong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine the values of the half-effective dose (ED₅₀) and 95% effective dose (ED₉₅) of remimazolam besylate used in the procedural sedation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study were selected. Sufentanil was administered intravenously and remimazolam besylate was administered 2 min later. ERCP treatment was feasible when the modified alertness/sedation (MOAA/S) score was ≤2. If choking or movement occurred during duodenoscope placement, it was considered as a positive reaction. The dose was increased in the next patient; otherwise, it was considered as a negative reaction, and the dose was reduced in the next patient. The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ values and 95% confidence interval (CI) of remimazolam besylate were calculated by Probit regression analysis. All 60 patients completed the trial. The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ values of remimazolam besylate were 0.196 and 0.239 mg/kg, respectively, for the procedural sedation of ERCP. The time of MOAA/S score ≤ 2 was (82.58 ± 21.70) s, and the mean time of awakening was (9.03 ± 5.64) min. Transient hypotension was observed in two patients without medical intervention. The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ values of remimazolam besylate used in the procedural sedation of ERCP were 0.196 and 0.239 mg/kg, and the dose of the medications has definite efficacy and good safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 3","pages":"290-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscience of consciousness in the locked-in syndrome: Prognostic and diagnostic review","authors":"Berenika Maciejewicz","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The neurological illness known as a locked-in syndrome is brought on by damage to the brainstem, usually as a consequence of a stroke. It is characterized by total paralysis with intact consciousness and cognitive capacity. The subjective experiences of people with locked-in syndrome are poorly understood. Presently, there is no systematic evaluation developed to describe them. The most compelling resources come from individuals’ own words; however, only a small fraction of these accounts have been explored. When it comes to bioethics, locked-in syndrome protocols are almost completely absent. Investigations on how people with this condition feel about their sense of continuity are of importance. Utilizing the locked-in syndrome to pose questions on embodied cognition and levels of consciousness could serve as a lens through which to examine problems in the phenomenology of neuroparalysis and communication. Care and quality of patients’ lives might be improved by an effort to understand this condition better, and ontological questions like “what makes a person a person?,” “what makes a person appear in continuity?,” and “what are the dynamics of embodiment and intersubjectivity?” might be better explored through that lens. This article aims to explore some biomedical factors that contribute to locked-in syndrome and offers some prognostic and diagnostic recommendations for this rare condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"476-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of anesthetics on neural stem cells","authors":"Ji Zhang,&nbsp;Quan-Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Loris Rizzello,&nbsp;You Wu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to anesthetic drugs has been proven to seriously affect developing animals in terms of neural stem cells' (NSCs') proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This can severely hamper the development of physiological learning and memory skills. Studies on the effects of anesthetics on NSCs' proliferation and differentiation are thus reviewed here, with the aim to highlight which specific drug mechanisms are the least harmful to NSCs. PubMed has been used as the preferential searching database of relevant literature to identify studies on the effects and mechanisms of NSCs' proliferation and differentiation. It was concluded that propofol and sevoflurane may be the safest options for NSCs during pregnancy and in pediatric clinical procedures, while dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce opioid-related damage in NSCs. It was also found that the growth environment may impact neurodevelopment even more than narcotic drugs. Nonetheless, the current scientific literature available further highlights how more extensive clinical trials are absolutely required for corroborating the conclusion drawn here.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gastrodin on the expression of brain aging-related genes in SAM/P-8 mice based on network pharmacology","authors":"Nan Zhao,&nbsp;Rui Jiang,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Cheng,&nbsp;Qiu-Xia Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrodin can reduce neuronal damage through multiple targets and pathways, and can be useful in preventing and treating degenerative lesions of the central nervous system, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aging-related genes in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex were detected in adult and aged mice treated with gastrodin or not. In addition, we collected the target genes of gastrodin and aging from a network database, and a Venn diagram was created to obtain the intersection target genes of gastrodin and aging. Then, the String database was used to analyze the protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between aging-related genes and the target genes of gastrodin and aging. The “drug–disease–target–pathway” network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the main mechanism and pathway of key genes were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Finally, the reliability of these key genes was further verified by molecular docking technology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that 6 out of 10 genes related to brain aging were differentially expressed after gastrodin intervention. Moreover, there were 11 key genes between gastrodin and differentially expressed genes related to brain aging. GO and KEGG results suggested that material metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were associated with the pathological mechanism of gastrodin antiaging. Molecular docking results also confirmed the good binding activity of gastrodin to the key genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrodin plays a potential role in antiaging by regulating substance metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 2","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic epidural arteriovenous malformation causing rapidly progressive myelopathy and mimicking an acute transverse myelitis: A case report","authors":"Hao Yuan,&nbsp;Yu Pi,&nbsp;Hong-Su Zhou,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Yong-Min Niu,&nbsp;Yang Lan,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Shi-Ran Liu,&nbsp;Shun-Wu Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clinical symptoms of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) combined with acute spontaneous hemorrhage lack specificity, which leads to misdiagnosis and delays treatment. The current study aimed to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and review the key points of diagnosis and treatment. We presented an extremely rare case of a 25-year-old man whose clinical characteristics mimicked acute transverse myelitis, suffering from rapidly and repeatedly progressive myelopathy with a mass. The pathological diagnosis of the mass was AVM; symptom-based surgical treatment with posterior decompression and the removal of epidural AVMs during the postoperative 12-month follow-up period were performed. The manual muscle testing grade score of the proximal and distal muscles in both lower limbs improved from 1 to 5, and the American Spinal Injury Association motor and sensation grade score improved from B to E. In the case of sudden or progressive spinal cord injury of unknown cause and acute spinal cord dysfunction, there might be a misdiagnosis. The key to a differential diagnosis is to take into account AVMs, and spontaneous hemorrhages and hematomas should also be suspected. Angiography and magnetic resonance imaging are very important for the diagnosis of AVM, and we hope to enhance clinicians' understanding of and vigilance for such diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}