Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12067

Xiu Yang, Ke-Han Liao, Isaac B. Deng, Lan-Chun Zhang

{"title":"Knockdown of interleukin-6 plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats via inhibition of caspase 3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein signaling pathway","authors":"Xiu Yang, Ke-Han Liao, Isaac B. Deng, Lan-Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12067","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the establishment of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model. The Zea-Longa scoring was used to evaluate the extent of the neurological deficits. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the volume of infarction in the brain following HI protocol. The expression of IL-6 in the cortex and/or hippocampus at multiple time points after HI was examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to inhibit the expression of IL-6 in-vitro and in-vivo, and the concomitant expression of the Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3 was also measured. HI induced a significant brain damage, and these pathological changes were accompanied by IL-6 upregulation which was found localized in cortical neurons. The inhibition of IL-6 expression fostered neuronal and axonal growth, and a reduction in cellular apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures, and cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. The expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX and caspase 3 was closely associated with IL-6. Downregulation of IL-6 could ameliorate HI-induced deficiencies by mediating the expression of caspase 3 and BAX.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41166357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Predictors and occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in children undergoing noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study 接受非心脏手术的儿童术后认知功能障碍的预测因素和发生率：一项前瞻性队列研究。

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12066

Fang-Fang Han, Xiu-Mei Wang, Hai-Jun Zhang, Jun-Ze Wang, Zhen-Xing Bao, Yu-Lan Li

{"title":"Predictors and occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in children undergoing noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Fang-Fang Han, Xiu-Mei Wang, Hai-Jun Zhang, Jun-Ze Wang, Zhen-Xing Bao, Yu-Lan Li","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12066","url":null,"abstract":"In children after cardiac surgery, alterations in cognitive ability and behavior are increasingly common, but whether postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in children undergoing noncardiac surgery is not known. The present study was performed to investigate the incidence rate and potential risk factors of early neurocognitive dysfunction in children after noncardiac surgery. Two hundred patients aged between 4 and 14 years old underwent elective noncardiac surgery and 100 healthy age-matched controls were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were conducted 1 day before and 3 days after surgery. POCD was calculated and diagnosed as a combined Z score. Any factors that differed between POCD and non-POCD group (p < 0.10) were tested together by multivariate logistic regression analysis against the cognitive outcome of patients, to find out the independent risk factors of POCD. The general incidence of POCD was 15.6%. The univariate analysis revealed that POCD was associated with general anesthesia, surgical and anesthesia duration, early postoperative fever (EPF), and surgical history. However, only the history of surgery (p = 0.029), anesthesia duration (p = 0.010), and EPF (p < 0.001) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for POCD. The occurrence rate of early POCD after noncardiac surgery in children is 15.6%. Children who had surgical history, longer anesthesia duration, or EPF are more prone to develop POCD.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in the study of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome 阿尔茨海默病与胃肠道微生物组关系的研究进展

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12065

Xin-Yan Li, Hao-Yue Qin, Ting-Ting Li

引用次数: 1

Study of anxiety and job burnout, and awareness among young anesthetists during COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间年轻麻醉师焦虑、工作倦怠及意识的研究

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12063

Xi Yang, Yunxia Zuo

{"title":"Study of anxiety and job burnout, and awareness among young anesthetists during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Xi Yang, Yunxia Zuo","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 To describe the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on young doctors and their job burnout in the Department of Anesthesiology during the initial days of the pandemic and examine their awareness and familiarity with this pneumonia. We conducted a cross-sectional study in West China Hospital in February 2020. A self-designed questionnaire was sent to all young doctors working in the department of anesthesiology. Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey were used to evaluate the psychological impact and degree of job burnout. Another questionnaire was conducted to explore the awareness and familiarity of COVID-19. All participants were divided into five groups according to the time of clinical practice: Postgraduate year (PGY) 0.5 (less than 0.5 year), 0.6–1 (0.6–1 year), 1–2 (1–2 years), 2–3 (2–3 years), 3 (more than 3 years) groups. The results were collected and analyzed subsequently. A total of 188 questionnaires were collected. There were significant differences in distress level between PGY 0.5 and PGY 0.6–1 (17.60 ± 12.53 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; p = 0.029), and PGY 3 and PGY 0.6–1 (19.92 ± 11.88 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; p = 0.031). As for job burnout, there were no differences among the five subgroups. Most participants (86.70%) were kept in good working condition, and 25 participants showed a mild level of job burnout. Although all of the respondents had high awareness of the basic elements of COVID-19, they had little knowledge about the details, such as lab tests, release criteria, and recommended therapy, and this result had no significant difference among the five groups. COVID-19 had caused a mild level of distress and work burnout in young anesthetists. Most of the participants were not clear about the diagnostic, release criteria, and therapeutic method, which will become key teaching points in the future.\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Contralateral C7 nerve transfer in the treatment of central hemiplegia after stroke under general anesthesia: A case report 在全身麻醉下进行 C7 对侧神经转移以治疗中风后中枢性偏瘫：病例报告

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12064

Qiu-Ying Zhang, Yi Guo, Yi-Nan Zhang

引用次数: 0

Whether it is safe to start anticoagulation after intracranial hemorrhage within 2 weeks: A systematic review and meta-analysis 颅内出血后2周内开始抗凝是否安全:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12060

Xue-Yan Huang, Jun-Yan Zhang, Chang-Yin Yu

{"title":"Whether it is safe to start anticoagulation after intracranial hemorrhage within 2 weeks: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xue-Yan Huang, Jun-Yan Zhang, Chang-Yin Yu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12060","url":null,"abstract":"Whether restarting anticoagulation (RA) treatment after intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is still controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the relationship between anticoagulation after ICH with the recurrence of hemorrhagic events, ischemic events, and long-term mortality. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to November 2020. We searched the published medical literature to ensure cohort studies involving ICH associated with anticoagulation in adults. Primary outcomes were long-term mortality, hemorrhagic events, and ischemic events (myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, or systemic embolization). We concluded seven retrospective cohorts, including 1876 intracranial hemorrhage patients with indications of anticoagulation. The ratio of the anticoagulant restart was 35.3% (664n). RA was associated with a significantly lower incidence of recurrent ischemic events (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19% to 0.45%, p = 0.97) and death events (pooled OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40%–0.79%, p = 0.27). There is no evidence that early recovery of anticoagulation (within 2 weeks or 1 month) is associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic events (within 2 weeks: pooled OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.3–2.12, p = 0.52 vs. within 1 month: pooled OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.77–1.68, p = 0.82). Based on these, recovery of anticoagulation after ICH is beneficial for long-term mortality and recurrence of ischemic events. The meta-analysis showed a resumption of oral anticoagulation within 2 weeks or 1 month in patients who had a cerebral hemorrhage was beneficial and did not increase the risk of hemorrhagic events and reduced the occurrence of ischemic and fatal endpoint events.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41126108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AQP4 knockout promotes neurite outgrowth via upregulating GAP43 expression in infant rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury 在缺氧缺血性脑损伤幼鼠中，敲除AQP4通过上调GAP43表达促进神经突生长

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12062

Qi-Qin Dan, Zheng Ma, Ya-Xin Tan, Belegu Visar, Li Chen

{"title":"AQP4 knockout promotes neurite outgrowth via upregulating GAP43 expression in infant rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","authors":"Qi-Qin Dan, Zheng Ma, Ya-Xin Tan, Belegu Visar, Li Chen","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12062","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) induces severe cerebral damage and neurological dysfunction, with seldom effective therapy. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is involved in aggravating brain damage induced by NHIE. This study aimed to investigate the role of AQP4 underlying the pathogenesis of NHIE. Neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) models, and the expression of AQP4 in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung tissues was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as well as Western blot. Primary cortical neurons were cultured for the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model, and siRNA was used to silence the expression of AQP4. Immunostaining of Tuj1 was performed to observe the axonal growth. CRISPER/Cas9 technology was used to knock out AQP4. The results demonstrated that AQP4 was upregulated in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung tissues in neonatal rats with HI and OGD neurons. Besides, silencing AQP4 promoted axonal growth of OGD neurons, and AQP4 knockout notably improved long-term neurobehavioral impairment. Furthermore, GAP43 was found closely correlated with AQP4 via GeneMANIA prediction. Significant downregulation of GAP43 was induced in OGD neurons, while AQP4 knockout markedly upregulated its expression in rats. This indicated that the depletion of AQP4 may enhance axonal regeneration and promote the long-term neurobehavioral recovery associated with the upregulation of GAP43 expression.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications of the ultrasound-guided nerve block technique for nonanalgesic effects 超声引导神经阻滞技术在非镇痛效果中的应用

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12061

Guang-Ting Zhang, Feng-Lin Wang, Ying Ran, De-Xing Liu

引用次数: 1

Brain structure analysis of different age groups of Diannan small-ear pigs 滇南小耳猪不同年龄组脑结构分析

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12058

Yi-Fan Liu, Chang-Le Fang, Yu Pi, Teng-Fei Ke, Ji-Xiang Chu, Lin-Na Tang, Lan-Chun Zhang, Somjit Wanchana, Cheng-De Liao

{"title":"Brain structure analysis of different age groups of Diannan small-ear pigs","authors":"Yi-Fan Liu, Chang-Le Fang, Yu Pi, Teng-Fei Ke, Ji-Xiang Chu, Lin-Na Tang, Lan-Chun Zhang, Somjit Wanchana, Cheng-De Liao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12058","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to investigate the brain development and atrophy of Diannan small-ear pigs in different ages using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 12 Diannan small-ear pigs were included and divided into the young group, adult group, and middle-and-old age (M&O) group according to their age. The brain structure of pigs was scanned using MRI, and the brain data obtained were statistically analyzed by signal conversion and image reconstruction. Compared with the young group, the signals of most brain structures in the adult group and M&O group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the adult group, the signal intensity of the right caudate nucleus and the right lateral ventricle in the M&O group was significantly increased, while the signal intensity of other regions was almost significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the young group, both adult and M&O groups had some degree of brain atrophy. Brain atrophy in the precuneus and the inferior temporal gyrus was more predominant in the M&O group in comparison with the adult group. The present study demonstrated that the brain signal of Diannan small-ear pigs gradually diminished with age, while the degree of brain atrophy was the opposite, providing the basic data on the brain of Diannan small-ear pigs.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The alternative 3′ splice site of GPNMB may promote neuronal survival after neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy injury GPNMB的替代3 '剪接位点可能促进新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病损伤后神经元的存活

Ibrain Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12056

Guo-Jiao Chen, Shan-Shan Yan, Jing-Han Zhang, Ji Zhang, Isaac Bul Deng, Rong He

{"title":"The alternative 3′ splice site of GPNMB may promote neuronal survival after neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy injury","authors":"Guo-Jiao Chen, Shan-Shan Yan, Jing-Han Zhang, Ji Zhang, Isaac Bul Deng, Rong He","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12056","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to decipher the effect of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) on neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and its potential molecular mechanism. The hypoxic–ischemic (HI) model was established in 7-day-old rats, and then, Zea-Longa scores and Nissl staining were performed to measure brain damage post-HI. In addition, gene sequencing was used to detect the differential expression genes (DEGs), and then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used to determine the function of DEGs. Furthermore, an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model was developed in SY5Y cells and human fetal neurons, and then, the level of GPNMB was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and cell counting kit-8 assays were applied after GPNMB interference. Finally, the alternative splicing of GPNMB expression was analyzed using Splice Grapher software. The results indicated that HI induced marked neurological impairment and neuron injury in rats. Also, GPNMB was the most obviously upregulated gene in DEGs. Additionally, GPNMB was upregulated significantly in SY5Y and fetal neurons after OGD, and GPNMB-si promoted an increase in cell viability and number. Moreover, we found that the GPNMB alternative splicing type was the Alternative 3′ splice site, with the alternative splicing site in 143382985:143404102. Herein, GPNMB promotes a crucial regulatory mechanism with alternative splicing for neuronal survival after NHIE.","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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