Ibrain最新文献

{"title":"Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of anesthetics on neural stem cells","authors":"Ji Zhang,&nbsp;Quan-Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Loris Rizzello,&nbsp;You Wu","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to anesthetic drugs has been proven to seriously affect developing animals in terms of neural stem cells' (NSCs') proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This can severely hamper the development of physiological learning and memory skills. Studies on the effects of anesthetics on NSCs' proliferation and differentiation are thus reviewed here, with the aim to highlight which specific drug mechanisms are the least harmful to NSCs. PubMed has been used as the preferential searching database of relevant literature to identify studies on the effects and mechanisms of NSCs' proliferation and differentiation. It was concluded that propofol and sevoflurane may be the safest options for NSCs during pregnancy and in pediatric clinical procedures, while dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce opioid-related damage in NSCs. It was also found that the growth environment may impact neurodevelopment even more than narcotic drugs. Nonetheless, the current scientific literature available further highlights how more extensive clinical trials are absolutely required for corroborating the conclusion drawn here.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41165805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gastrodin on the expression of brain aging-related genes in SAM/P-8 mice based on network pharmacology","authors":"Nan Zhao,&nbsp;Rui Jiang,&nbsp;Jun-Jie Cheng,&nbsp;Qiu-Xia Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrodin can reduce neuronal damage through multiple targets and pathways, and can be useful in preventing and treating degenerative lesions of the central nervous system, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aging-related genes in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex were detected in adult and aged mice treated with gastrodin or not. In addition, we collected the target genes of gastrodin and aging from a network database, and a Venn diagram was created to obtain the intersection target genes of gastrodin and aging. Then, the String database was used to analyze the protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between aging-related genes and the target genes of gastrodin and aging. The “drug–disease–target–pathway” network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the main mechanism and pathway of key genes were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Finally, the reliability of these key genes was further verified by molecular docking technology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that 6 out of 10 genes related to brain aging were differentially expressed after gastrodin intervention. Moreover, there were 11 key genes between gastrodin and differentially expressed genes related to brain aging. GO and KEGG results suggested that material metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were associated with the pathological mechanism of gastrodin antiaging. Molecular docking results also confirmed the good binding activity of gastrodin to the key genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrodin plays a potential role in antiaging by regulating substance metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 2","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracic epidural arteriovenous malformation causing rapidly progressive myelopathy and mimicking an acute transverse myelitis: A case report","authors":"Hao Yuan,&nbsp;Yu Pi,&nbsp;Hong-Su Zhou,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Yong-Min Niu,&nbsp;Yang Lan,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Shi-Ran Liu,&nbsp;Shun-Wu Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clinical symptoms of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) combined with acute spontaneous hemorrhage lack specificity, which leads to misdiagnosis and delays treatment. The current study aimed to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and review the key points of diagnosis and treatment. We presented an extremely rare case of a 25-year-old man whose clinical characteristics mimicked acute transverse myelitis, suffering from rapidly and repeatedly progressive myelopathy with a mass. The pathological diagnosis of the mass was AVM; symptom-based surgical treatment with posterior decompression and the removal of epidural AVMs during the postoperative 12-month follow-up period were performed. The manual muscle testing grade score of the proximal and distal muscles in both lower limbs improved from 1 to 5, and the American Spinal Injury Association motor and sensation grade score improved from B to E. In the case of sudden or progressive spinal cord injury of unknown cause and acute spinal cord dysfunction, there might be a misdiagnosis. The key to a differential diagnosis is to take into account AVMs, and spontaneous hemorrhages and hematomas should also be suspected. Angiography and magnetic resonance imaging are very important for the diagnosis of AVM, and we hope to enhance clinicians' understanding of and vigilance for such diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the lumbar sympathetic ganglion block in lower limb pain and its application prospects during the perioperative period","authors":"Jing-Han Zhang,&nbsp;Yan-Ping Deng,&nbsp;Min-Jian Geng","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the physiological pathogenesis of many different types of chronic pain. Sympathetic blocks can interrupt the reflex control system by intercepting the noxious afferent fibers accompanying autonomic nerves, resulting in changes in peripheral or central sensory processing. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB), as a treatment method, refers to the injection of nerve blockers into the corresponding lumbar sympathetic nerve segments, usually requiring imaging assistance (CT, X-ray, ultrasound) to guide. At present, LSGB has been widely used in the clinical treatment of lower limb pain, such as neuropathic pain, lower limb ischemic pain, and so on. Its mechanism of action may be through inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity and dilating blood vessels, thereby alleviating pain and inhibiting stress response. However, there are few reports of LSGB during the perioperative period, especially in postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function. Therefore, by studying the literature about LSGB-related studies, this article reviews the anatomy of the lumbar sympathetic nerve (LSN), with its clinical application and possible mechanism. We reviewed the analgesic effect of LSGB in patients with lower limb pain and postoperative pain and the potential application prospects in the recovery of gastrointestinal function, finally providing a reference for its clinical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering gene therapy to protect from X-linked deafness DFNX2 and associated neurodevelopmental disorders","authors":"Jean Defourny","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mutations and deletions in the gene or upstream of the gene encoding the POU3F4 transcription factor cause X-linked progressive deafness DFNX2 and additional neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. Hearing loss can be purely sensorineural or mixed, that is, with both conductive and sensorineural components. Affected males show anatomical abnormalities of the inner ear, which are jointly defined as incomplete partition type III. Current approaches to improve hearing and speech skills of DFNX2 patients do not seem to be fully effective. Owing to inner ear malformations, cochlear implantation is surgically difficult and may predispose towards severe complications. Even in cases where implantation is safely performed, hearing and speech outcomes remain highly variable among patients. Mouse models for DFNX2 deafness revealed that sensorineural loss could arise from a dysfunction of spiral ligament fibrocytes in the lateral wall of the cochlea, which leads to reduced endocochlear potential. Highly positive endocochlear potential is critical for sensory hair cell mechanotransduction and hearing. In this context, here, we propose to develop a therapeutic approach in male <i>Pou3f4</i>^−/<i>y</i> mice based on an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene transfer in cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes. Among a broad range of AAV vectors, AAV7 was found to show a strong tropism for the spiral ligament. Thus, we suggest that an AAV7-mediated delivery of <i>Pou3f4</i> complementary DNA in the spiral ligament of <i>Pou3f4</i>^−/<i>y</i> mice could represent an attractive strategy to prevent fibrocyte degeneration and to restore normal cochlear functions and properties, including a positive endocochlear potential, before hearing loss progresses to profound deafness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of interleukin-6 plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats via inhibition of caspase 3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein signaling pathway","authors":"Xiu Yang,&nbsp;Ke-Han Liao,&nbsp;Isaac B. Deng,&nbsp;Lan-Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the establishment of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) model. The Zea-Longa scoring was used to evaluate the extent of the neurological deficits. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the volume of infarction in the brain following HI protocol. The expression of IL-6 in the cortex and/or hippocampus at multiple time points after HI was examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to inhibit the expression of IL-6 in-vitro and in-vivo, and the concomitant expression of the Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3 was also measured. HI induced a significant brain damage, and these pathological changes were accompanied by IL-6 upregulation which was found localized in cortical neurons. The inhibition of IL-6 expression fostered neuronal and axonal growth, and a reduction in cellular apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures, and cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. The expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX and caspase 3 was closely associated with IL-6. Downregulation of IL-6 could ameliorate HI-induced deficiencies by mediating the expression of caspase 3 and BAX.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 3","pages":"413-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10529178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41166357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors and occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in children undergoing noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Fang-Fang Han,&nbsp;Xiu-Mei Wang,&nbsp;Hai-Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Jun-Ze Wang,&nbsp;Zhen-Xing Bao,&nbsp;Yu-Lan Li","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In children after cardiac surgery, alterations in cognitive ability and behavior are increasingly common, but whether postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in children undergoing noncardiac surgery is not known. The present study was performed to investigate the incidence rate and potential risk factors of early neurocognitive dysfunction in children after noncardiac surgery. Two hundred patients aged between 4 and 14 years old underwent elective noncardiac surgery and 100 healthy age-matched controls were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were conducted 1 day before and 3 days after surgery. POCD was calculated and diagnosed as a combined <i>Z</i> score. Any factors that differed between POCD and non-POCD group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.10) were tested together by multivariate logistic regression analysis against the cognitive outcome of patients, to find out the independent risk factors of POCD. The general incidence of POCD was 15.6%. The univariate analysis revealed that POCD was associated with general anesthesia, surgical and anesthesia duration, early postoperative fever (EPF), and surgical history. However, only the history of surgery (<i>p</i> = 0.029), anesthesia duration (<i>p</i> = 0.010), and EPF (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for POCD. The occurrence rate of early POCD after noncardiac surgery in children is 15.6%. Children who had surgical history, longer anesthesia duration, or EPF are more prone to develop POCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"9 2","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the study of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and the gastrointestinal microbiome","authors":"Xin-Yan Li,&nbsp;Hao-Yue Qin,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Li","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are many trillions of bacteria in the gastrointestinal microbiome (GM). Their ecological dysregulation can contribute to the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is common dementia and its incidence is increasing year by year. However, the relationship between GM and AD is unclear. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between GM and AD, elaborates on the possible factors that can affect this relationship through the inflammation of the brain induced by blood−brain damage and accumulation of amyloid deposit, and proposes feasible ways to treat AD through GM-related substances, such as probiotics, Mega-3, and gut hormones, including their shortcomings as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 4","pages":"465-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10528962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of anxiety and job burnout, and awareness among young anesthetists during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Xi Yang,&nbsp;Yunxia Zuo","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>To describe the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on young doctors and their job burnout in the Department of Anesthesiology during the initial days of the pandemic and examine their awareness and familiarity with this pneumonia. We conducted a cross-sectional study in West China Hospital in February 2020. A self-designed questionnaire was sent to all young doctors working in the department of anesthesiology. Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey were used to evaluate the psychological impact and degree of job burnout. Another questionnaire was conducted to explore the awareness and familiarity of COVID-19. All participants were divided into five groups according to the time of clinical practice: Postgraduate year (PGY) 0.5 (less than 0.5 year), 0.6–1 (0.6–1 year), 1–2 (1–2 years), 2–3 (2–3 years), 3 (more than 3 years) groups. The results were collected and analyzed subsequently. A total of 188 questionnaires were collected. There were significant differences in distress level between PGY 0.5 and PGY 0.6–1 (17.60 ± 12.53 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; <i>p</i> = 0.029), and PGY 3 and PGY 0.6–1 (19.92 ± 11.88 vs. 12.05 ± 10.65; <i>p</i> = 0.031). As for job burnout, there were no differences among the five subgroups. Most participants (86.70%) were kept in good working condition, and 25 participants showed a mild level of job burnout. Although all of the respondents had high awareness of the basic elements of COVID-19, they had little knowledge about the details, such as lab tests, release criteria, and recommended therapy, and this result had no significant difference among the five groups. COVID-19 had caused a mild level of distress and work burnout in young anesthetists. Most of the participants were not clear about the diagnostic, release criteria, and therapeutic method, which will become key teaching points in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"8 3","pages":"338-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contralateral C7 nerve transfer in the treatment of central hemiplegia after stroke under general anesthesia: A case report","authors":"Qiu-Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Guo,&nbsp;Yi-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ibra.12064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ibra.12064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Similar reports in the past pay less attention to the anesthetic management of these patients. We reported a 46-year-old man who suffered from hypertensive cerebral apoplexy 5 months ago and accepted C7 nerve transfer to improve the central spastic paralysis in the right upper limb. After careful evaluation and anesthesia management before anesthesia, the operation was successfully completed under general anesthesia. The patient was cured and discharged without complications. The anesthesia management of C7 nerve transfer should choose appropriate operation opportunities for patients according to the type of stroke, improve the preoperative preparation, and form a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94030,"journal":{"name":"Ibrain","volume":"10 1","pages":"106-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ibra.12064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81154128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}