European journal of sport science最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of a High-Intensity Interval Games Program in Extra-Curricular Context (MOVI-daFIT!) on Gross Motor Competence and Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Schoolchildren: Cluster-Randomized Trial","authors":"Antonio Fernández-Sánchez,&nbsp;Mairena Sánchez-López,&nbsp;Abel Ruiz-Hermosa,&nbsp;Andrés Redondo-Tébar,&nbsp;Diana P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa,&nbsp;Estela Jiménez-López,&nbsp;Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a time-efficient approach to improve aerobic capacity, cardiovascular health, and cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. However, evidence regarding the impact of school-based HIIT programs on motor competence and health-related quality of life in children is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a HIIT intervention, based on playground games on gross motor competence and health-related quality of life in schoolchildren aged 9–11 years. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 562 participants. The intervention involved four weekly 60 min sessions of extracurricular physical activity using traditional games adapted to a HIIT protocol. Gross motor competence and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) and the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire, respectively. Analyzes were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis using mixed linear regression models to compare changes from baseline to postintervention between the intervention and control groups. No significant improvements in gross motor competence or health-related quality of life were observed after adjusting for baseline variables, age, sex, and school. The results suggest that this HIIT-based program was not effective in enhancing gross motor competence or in improving health-related quality of life. Future programs could improve effectiveness by optimizing the balance between movement intensity and quality, aligning activities with gross motor competence assessment tools, emphasizing health-related quality of life components, training educators to enhance quality of life, extending intervention duration to impact self-esteem and psychological well-being, and improving adherence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Latent Profiles of Sport Motivation in Czech University Students: An Exploratory Person-Centered Approach Using the Sport Motivation Scale”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On page 2 of 13, the first column, first paragraph, beginning with “An extrinsically motivated person sees control …” the sentence that states, “Ryan and Deci (2000b) were careful to point out that extrinsic motivation also consists of different “styles” and was not a unitary phenomenon. Ryan et al. (2009), and they were also, …”</p><p>This should have read as follows:</p><p>Ryan and Deci (2000b) were careful to point out that extrinsic motivation also consists of different “styles” and was not a unitary phenomenon. Ryan et al. (2009) were careful to call this a “differentiated taxonomy of the varied types of regulations underlying extrinsic motivations, each of which has unique characteristics” (p. 111).</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Psychosocial Factors and Reported Injuries Among Youth Grassroot Soccer Players","authors":"Bård Erlend Solstad,&nbsp;Andreas Sersland,&nbsp;Monica Klungland Torstveit,&nbsp;Camilla Knight,&nbsp;Andreas Ivarsson,&nbsp;Ingirid Heald Kjær,&nbsp;Bjørn Tore Johansen","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regular participation in grassroot sports may benefit adolescents by developing movement skills, fostering peer relationships, and cultivating positive attitudes and behaviors. However, increased volume and intensity of sport participation raise the risk of injuries, which may lead adolescents to quit sport. Hence, sport injuries are a public health concern, yet knowledge about injury prevalence in grassroot settings remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate: (a) the prevalence of injury in youth grassroot football players and (b) the relationships between prevalence of injury and potential risk factors; namely, sex, age group, social support, coach and peer autonomy support, and training load. Adolescents (<i>n</i> = 568; <i>M</i>_age = 15.7 years; and SD = 1.4) playing for U14–U19 teams in Agder County in Norway provided information pertaining to their participation in grassroot football. Although no differences in the prevalence of injuries or substantial injuries were found between sex and age groups, the results indicated differences in injury anatomical areas based on sex and age. Moreover, the results revealed that a higher injury prevalence was associated with a combination of lower levels of peer autonomy support, higher weekly accumulated total football activity, and being female. For substantial injuries, the combination of higher amounts of match time or being a player who perceived lower levels of coach autonomy support in the group accumulating least match time was associated with a higher injury prevalence. Our results showed a surprisingly high prevalence of injury in youth grassroot football, highlighting the need for future intervention studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Flywheel Resistance Training Promotes Unique Muscle Architectural and Performance-Related Adaptations in Young Adults”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Banks, N.F., Berry, A.C., Rogers, E.M. and Jenkins, N.D.M. (2024). Flywheel resistance training promotes unique muscle architectural and performance-related adaptations in young adults. <i>Eur J Sport Sci</i>, 24: 1765–1778. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12215.</p><p>In Table 1, the unit for “height” is “(cm),” but it should be changed to “(m).” In Table 3, the means and standard deviations for “BB squat 1RM” and “BB bench 1RM” are currently listed in pounds (lbs) but labeled as kilograms (kg). Additionally, the values for “BJ” were incorrectly multiplied by 2.54 to convert from inches to cm twice instead of once, and, therefore, need to be divided by 2.54. A corrected table with updates to these three rows is pasted below.</p><p>In connection with these errors, in Section “3.5 Strength,” the section:</p><p>However, TRT increased free weight squat 1RM more than both CON (+79.32 kg [56.02–102.62], <i>d</i> = 3.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and FWRT (+43.28 kg [21.97–64.59], <i>d</i> = 2.1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas FWRT improved more than CON (+36.04 kg [12.32–59.76], <i>d</i> = 1.75, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, TRT increased free weight bench 1RM more than both CON (+21.79 kg [12.57–31.03], <i>d</i> = 2.67, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and FWRT (+15.62 kg [7.18–24.06], <i>d</i> = 1.91, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas FWRT did not improve more than CON (+6.18 kg [−3.22 to 15.58], <i>d</i> = 0.76, <i>p</i> = 0.25).</p><p>Should be changed to:</p><p>However, TRT increased free weight squat 1RM more than both CON (+35.98 kg [25.41–46.55], <i>d</i> = 3.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and FWRT (+19.63 kg [9.97–29.29], <i>d</i> = 2.1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas FWRT improved more than CON (+16.35 kg [5.59–27.11], <i>d</i> = 1.75, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, TRT increased free weight bench 1RM more than both CON (+9.88 kg [5.7–14.07], <i>d</i> = 2.67, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and FWRT (+7.09 kg [3.26–10.91], <i>d</i> = 1.91, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas FWRT did not improve more than CON (+2.8 kg [−1.46 to 7.07], <i>d</i> = 0.76, <i>p</i> = 0.25).</p><p>And the section “3.6 Jump performance” should change from:</p><p>Specifically, FWRT elicited greater improvements in broad jump distance compared to CON (+47.54 cm [12.21–82.86], <i>d</i> = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.007) but not TRT (+22.03 cm [−9.70 to 53.77], <i>d</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.22). Further, TRT did not improve broad jump distance significantly when compared to CON (+25.51 cm [−9.20 to 60.21], <i>d</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> = 0.18).</p><p>To</p><p>Specifically, FWRT elicited greater improvements in broad jump distance compared to CON (+18.72 cm [4.81–32.62], <i>d</i> = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.007) but not TRT (+8.67 cm [−3.82 to 21.17], <i>d</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.22). Further, TRT did not improve broad jump distance significantly when compared to CON (+10.04 cm [−3.62 to 23.71], <i>d</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> = 0.18).</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Maximal Aerobic Speed in Academy Soccer Players: A Comparison Between Time Trial Methods and the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test","authors":"Kieran Smith,&nbsp;Matthew D. Wright,&nbsp;Paul Chesterton,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Taylor","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aerobic fitness is crucial to team sport performance and can be practically estimated through field-based assessments of maximal aerobic speed (MAS) in soccer players. However, method comparisons are underexplored. This study compared MAS estimation via a 6-min distance trial (6minDT), 1800-m time trial (1800mTT) and 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT) and qualitative preferences in academy soccer players. Twenty-six male players (age: 17.2 ± 0.6 years; stature: 178.4 ± 5.1 cm; body mass: 71.8 ± 7.7 kg) completed a 30-15IFT, 6minDT and 1800mTT in a counterbalanced order. Total distance was measured via 10 Hz global positioning system units, with MAS defined as 87% of 30-15IFT finishing speed (<i>v</i>IFT) and distance divided by time to completion for the 6minDT and 1800mTT. Pearson's correlations calculated associations between MAS estimates, and a robust repeated measures ANOVA estimated marginal mean differences between tests. A very large association was observed between performance in the 1800mTT and 6minDT (<i>r</i> = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.86). Large associations were observed between the 30-15IFT and 6minDT and 1800mTT (6minDT: <i>r</i> = 0.65; 0.35 to 0.83; 1800mTT: 0.66, 0.37 to 0.84), respectively. MAS estimated from the 30-15IFT was significantly higher than the 6minDT (0.57, 0.50 to 0.65 m·s⁻¹, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and 1800mTT (0.45, 0.37 to 0.52 m·s⁻¹, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). MAS estimated from the 6minDT was lower than the 1800mTT (−0.13, −0.21 to −0.05 m·s⁻¹, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). In conclusion, although associations between 6minDT-, 1800mTT- and 30-15IFT-derived MAS exist, all tests provide distinct estimations of MAS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was pre-registered on 11/03/2024. The preregistration for this study can be found on OSF registries at the following Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/F3Z5U</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Patterns of Physical Exercise and Screen-Time in Swedish Adolescents From 2013 to 2019","authors":"Jennifer Gothilander,&nbsp;Lena Almqvist,&nbsp;Camilla Eriksson,&nbsp;Johanna Fritz","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adolescents' participation in physical exercise (PE) in sports clubs and self-organised training has decreased over time, while screen-time (ST) has increased. Boys exercise more and play more video games than girls, and adolescents without disabilities exercise more than adolescents with disabilities. This study aims to explore trends in patterns of PE and ST, and the association with gender and disability. Cross-sectional data from 3949 Swedish adolescents aged 12–14 and 15–18 years were used. Participation in sports, training, watching TV &amp; movies, and playing video games was analysed annually for 2013–2019 by hierarchical cluster analysis with <i>k</i> means rotation. Clusters' centroids were compared across years. Associations with gender and disability were tested with regression analysis. In both age groups, five to six clusters were identified each year. Most adolescents are in exercising patterns. The proportions in patterns of sporting and ST increased between 2013–2015 and 15–18-year-olds in not-exercising patterns decreased continuously. Exercising and not-exercising patterns show stable trends, while ST patterns no longer have similar structures after 2016. More clusters in 2013–2016 than 2017–2019 are associated with gender. No cluster in 12–14-year-olds and four clusters in 15–18-year-olds are associated with disability. The study provides a new perspective on trends in patterns of PE and ST from 2013 to 2019 in Swedish adolescents. Results indicate an increased polarisation in activity patterns yet decreased polarisation between genders, and that adolescents with disabilities have the same activity patterns as other adolescents. Further research into other factors potentially influencing adolescents' activity patterns is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return-To-Sport Assessments After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Which Jump-Landing Test Is Sensitive to an ACL-Injury History Under Fatigued or NonFatigued Conditions?","authors":"Maité Calisti,&nbsp;Maurice Mohr,&nbsp;Felix Riechelmann,&nbsp;Inge Werner,&nbsp;Peter Federolf","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurately identifying residual biomechanical deficits following an anterior cruciate ligament injury is critical for effective rehabilitation and safe return to sport. This study aimed to determine which of four jump-landing tasks demonstrated the greatest sensitivity in distinguishing individuals with a history of ACL injury from healthy controls. Forty-three participants formed the ACL (<i>n</i> = 21, 11 females) and the control group (<i>n</i> = 22, 12 females). Three-dimensional motion data (Vicon, 250 Hz) were recorded during a single-leg hop, unilateral countermovement jump, unilateral crossover hop, and medial-rotation hop before and after a fatigue-inducing intervention (single-leg squats and step-ups). Logistic regression models to classify participants were built using 13 lower-body, trunk, and pelvis joint angles at 50 ms after initial ground contact, angular changes in these angles between 50 and 80 ms, and principal components derived from these variables. Classification rates and individual classification outcomes were assessed. The results revealed that no single jump-landing task consistently outperformed others in detecting ACL injury history. Classification outcomes were influenced by fatigue state and analytical approaches. Fatigue was found to enhance classification rates. Combining joint angles with their temporal changes improved classification rates compared to using joint angles alone. However, applying principal component analysis as a preprocessing step did not consistently enhance model performance. Overall, the study demonstrated that jump-landing tasks, combined with a variety of analytical approaches, can effectively detect ACL injury history. Fatigue enhanced classification outcomes, suggesting that it amplifies differences between post-injury and healthy movement characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heat and Hypoxia Training on the Fat Oxidation Capacity of Competitive Athletes","authors":"Zhizhong Geng,&nbsp;Xiaameng Wu,&nbsp;Jinhao Wang,&nbsp;Guohuan Cao,&nbsp;Chenhao Tan,&nbsp;Longji Li,&nbsp;Jun Qiu","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a four-week heat and hypoxia training on the fat oxidation capacity of competitive athletes. Eight elite male modern pentathlon athletes completed a four-week aerobic endurance training program in three environments: normal (CON), high temperature and humidity (HOT), and hypoxia (HYP). Assessments were conducted in both the normal environment and the corresponding special environment before and after training. Gas exchange data were collected during exercise to assess aerobic capacity, and fat oxidation was measured using indirect calorimetry. Fat oxidation kinetics were modeled using the sinusoidal (SIN) mathematical model to determine the maximum fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which it occurred (FAT_max). Under normal environment, HOT training had an increase in absolute V̇O₂ (238.152 mL/min and <i>p</i> = 0.003), both the HOT (96.062 s and <i>p</i> = 0.006) and HYP (109.917 s and <i>p</i> = 0.002) trainings demonstrated increases in VT₂@Time, both the HOT (0.126 g/min and <i>p</i> = 0.015) and HYP (0.157 g/min and <i>p</i> = 0.004) trainings showed increases in MFO, and the HOT training also exhibited an increase in FAT_max (5.303 g/min and <i>p</i> = 0.005); both the HOT and HYP trainings showed dilatation of the fat oxidation curve, with the HOT training also displaying dilatation in the fat oxidation curve under heat conditions. Four-weeks of heat and hypoxia training significantly enhanced athletes' aerobic metabolism and fat oxidation capacity. The benefits of heat training on aerobic metabolism and fat oxidation may exceed those of hypoxia training.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High Intensity Circuit Versus Traditional Strength Training on Physiological Responses in Trained Women","authors":"Sohee L. Carpenter,&nbsp;Eric R. Helms,&nbsp;Rachel C. Pendakur,&nbsp;Jamie E. Hibbert,&nbsp;Matthew M. Schubert","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study’s purpose was to compare differences in strength and body composition following high intensity circuit training (HICT) and traditional strength training (TS) in trained women. Fourteen participants (28.5 ± 5.4 years, 160.7 ± 6.1 cm, 65.9 ± 11.7 kg) were randomly assigned to either the HICT group (HICT: <i>n</i> = 7) performing two short circuits with 5 min’ rest between each series or the TS group (TS: <i>n</i> = 7) performing one exercise at a time, resting 3 min between sets. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks [8–15 repetitions, three sets], close to muscular failure. Body composition, arm and thigh muscle girth, skinfold thickness, and 3RM on six different exercises were assessed before and after the intervention. Both groups similarly increased 3RM across all exercises (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was a main effect of time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) for both groups on lean body mass indicating an increase in lean mass over time following both protocols, whereas body fat percentage decreased as a factor of time only (<i>p</i> = 0.04). There were no significant group or group × time interactions for any other variable. Therefore, both HICT and TS are similarly effective for increasing strength and lean body mass and decreasing body fat percentage in trained women. Those interested in maximizing time efficiency may prefer HICT, as these sessions took much less time to complete. Other variables such as exercise selection and personal preference should also be taken into consideration when choosing training style.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 12-Lead Electrocardiogram of the Rugby Football League Athlete: Impact of Sex and Age","authors":"Callum Warrington,&nbsp;Andy Thompson,&nbsp;Jade Read,&nbsp;Jonathan Abram,&nbsp;Nathan Mill,&nbsp;Robert Cooper,&nbsp;Keith George,&nbsp;David Oxborough","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings in male Rugby Football League (RFL) athletes have previously been investigated but variations in other demographics are less understood. The study examined 161 ECGs in male and female, paediatric (&lt; 18 years old) and adult (≥ 18 years old) RFL athletes. Athletes (65% male, 35% female) aged 14–33 years underwent a 12-lead ECG that was assessed for training-related cardiac electrical adaptations. Four athletes with abnormal ECGs were excluded. Results indicated that male athletes had an increased PR interval (152 ± 32 vs. 140 ± 19 ms; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), QRS duration (98 ± 7 vs. 87 ± 6 ms; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), voltage criteria for right (6 ± 3 vs. 4 ± 2 mm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and left (33 ± 9 vs. 27 ± 7 mm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) ventricular hypertrophy (RVH/LVH) compared to females, who exhibited increased resting heart rate (HR) (67 ± 11 vs. 62 ± 11 bpm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and QTc intervals (408 ± 45 vs. 398 ± 22 ms; <i>p</i> = 0.028). Adult athletes had a reduced HR (61 ± 10 vs. 66 ± 13 bpm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and RVH criteria (5 ± 2 vs. 7 ± 3 mm; <i>p</i> = 0.015) compared to paediatric athletes. When controlling for weekly training hours in adult athletes, males present only a longer PR interval (156 ± 32 vs. 141 ± 19 ms; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.037) and QRS duration (99 ± 7 vs. 87 ± 7 ms; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) when compared to females. These results highlight the need for tailored cardiac screening guidelines that account for an RFL athlete's sex, age and training exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}