European journal of sport science最新文献

{"title":"The Order of Concurrent Training Affects Acute Immunological Stress Responses and Measures of Muscular Fitness in Female Youth Judo Athletes","authors":"Adrian Markov,&nbsp;Jens Bussweiler,&nbsp;Philipp Baumert,&nbsp;Norman Helm,&nbsp;Michael Rex,&nbsp;Sebastian Behm,&nbsp;Tom Krüger,&nbsp;Helmi Chaabene","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12262","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to examine the acute effects of concurrent muscle strength and sport-specific endurance exercise order on immunological stress responses, metabolic response, muscular-fitness, and rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) in highly trained youth female judo athletes. Thirteen female participants randomly performed two concurrent training (CT) sessions; strength-endurance and endurance-strength. Immune response, metabolic response, muscular fitness (i.e., countermovement jump-derived force and power [CMJ-force and CMJ-power]), and RPE were measured at different time points (i.e., PRE, MID, POST, POST6h, and POST22h). There were significant time × order interactions for lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = 0.006, ES = 1.31), granulocyte–lymphocyte ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.002, ES = 1.56), and systemic inflammation index (<i>p</i> = 0.029, ES = 1.11), blood glucose and lactate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, ES = 2.09 and <i>p</i> = 0.0018, ES = 1.51, respectively), CMJ-force (<i>p</i> = 0.033, ES = 1.26), and CMJ-power (<i>p</i> = 0.007, ES = 1.40) as well as RPE (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, ES = 2.05). CT-induced acute (i.e., POST) but not delayed (i.e., POST6h and POST22h) order-dependent immune cell count alterations in highly trained youth female judo athletes. All markers of the immune system went back to baseline values at POST22h. Metabolic responses were slightly higher following the endurance exercise (irrespective of the applied exercise order). CMJ-measures and RPE fluctuated during both CT sessions but returned to baseline 6 h post-exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Audit of Sport Nutrition Services Within Male and Female International Rugby Union: Implications for Research and Practice","authors":"Lara Wilson,&nbsp;Ben Jones,&nbsp;Susan H. Backhouse,&nbsp;Andy Boyd,&nbsp;Nessan Costello","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12260","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To critically evaluate sport nutrition services available to male and female international rugby unions. Fifteen participants, representing 16 international rugby unions, including nine female and seven male teams (one participant worked with both a female and male union), responded to an online survey. Twelve of the unions recruited were ranked in the top 10 globally by World Rugby. Twelve unions employed accredited nutrition practitioners with significant experience (&gt; 5 years: <i>n</i> = 5; &gt; 10 years: <i>n</i> = 4) and advanced qualifications (master's degrees: <i>n</i> = 8; doctorates: <i>n</i> = 2). Three unions did not employ a qualified nutrition practitioner (female: <i>n</i> = 2; male: <i>n</i> = 1). Full-time employment was more common among nutrition practitioners serving male (<i>n</i> = 4/5) versus female (<i>n</i> = 3/6) unions. Practitioners served male unions for more hours per week (42 ± 28) than female unions (24 ± 20). Practitioners were involved in sport science meetings (<i>n</i> = 14/15), anti-doping education, menu design, strategy development (<i>n</i> = 13/15), body composition assessments, individual consultations (<i>n</i> = 12/15), focusing on fuelling, recovery and injury rehabilitation (<i>n</i> = 14/15). Participants were “<i>moderately confident</i>” (<i>n</i> = 8/15) in using behaviour change techniques. Most participants agreed on the lack of female-specific nutrition guidance (<i>n</i> = 14/15), relying on guidance for male players due to limited evidence (<i>n</i> = 7/9). This study provides the first critical reflection of sport nutrition service delivery within international rugby. The findings highlight gender disparities for female players, with reduced applied support and a lack of female-specific guidelines. Recommendations include enhancing practitioner training in behaviour change, hiring qualified nutritionists, deemphasising body composition assessment, and conducting more research to improve nutrition services, especially for women.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight-Week Flywheel Training Enhances Jump Performance and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function in Collegiate Basketball Players","authors":"Takashi Shimizu,&nbsp;Yosuke Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Hisashi Ueda,&nbsp;Shigeki Izumi,&nbsp;Eisuke Ochi","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of flywheel (FW) training on jump performance, muscle function, and muscle mass in athletes have not been fully clarified. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week FW training program on jump performance, stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function, muscle strength, peak power and muscle thickness in collegiate basketball players. Twenty male college basketball players (mean age: 19.8 ± 1.3 years, height: 179.1 ± 6.7 cm, body mass: 72.9 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either the FW training (<i>n</i> = 11) or control group (<i>n</i> = 9). The FW training group performed squat exercises, 5 sets of 8 repetitions, twice a week using the FW device. Baseline and post-training assessments of jump heights of squat jumps (SJs), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and drop jumps (DJs) were performed in both groups. Additionally, the reactive strength index (RSI), representing SSC function; isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque during knee joint extension; peak power during squats; and quadriceps muscle thickness were evaluated. As the results, we observed that the FW training group demonstrated significant increases in post-training SJ height (15.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), DJ height (23.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.01), RSI (36.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.04), MVC, peak power and muscle thickness compared with pre-training levels. Furthermore, between-group comparisons indicated significantly higher post-training SJ height, DJ height, RSI, MVC, peak power, and muscle thickness in the FW training group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Therefore, the FW training program effectively enhanced jump performance and SSC function in male basketball players and proved beneficial for muscle strength and hypertrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 9/3 Min Running Test: A Simple and Practical Approach to Estimate the Critical and Maximal Aerobic Power","authors":"Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias,&nbsp;Aitor Marcos-Blanco,&nbsp;Iván Fernández-Navarrete,&nbsp;Alejandro Pérez-Castilla,&nbsp;Felipe García-Pinillos","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to determine the validity of the linear critical power (CP) and Peronnet models to estimate the power output associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the maximal aerobic power (MAP) using two-time trials. Nineteen recreational runners (10 males and 9 females and maximum oxygen uptake: 53.0 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine the VT2 and MAP. On a second test, athletes performed two-time trials of 9 and 3 min interspaced by 30 min. The CP was determined from the linear CP model and compared with the power output associated with the VT2. The MAP was determined from the linear Peronnet model, established at 7 min, and compared with the MAP determined in the GXT. The CP model was valid for determining the VT2, regardless of sex (<i>p</i> = 0.130; 9/3 vs. GXT: 3.5 [−1.1 to 8.2] W). The MAP was overestimated (<i>p</i> = 0.015) specifically in males (9/3 vs. GXT: 9.2 [3.3 to 15.1] W) rather than in females (<i>p</i> = 9/3 vs. GXT: 1.7 [−4.4 to 8.0] W). Therefore, MAP estimates were determined introducing the CP and W' parameters to a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. For females, the CP was the unique significant predictor of MAP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) explaining 96.7% of the variance. In males, both CP and W' were significant predictors of MAP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) explaining 97.7% of the variance. Practitioners can validly estimate the VT2 and MAP through a practical testing protocol in both male and female recreational runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study comparing passive and eccentric modes of an isokinetic dynamometer to assess eccentric torque in trained athletes: Methodological considerations","authors":"Anne Delextrat,&nbsp;Andreu Sastre-Munar,&nbsp;Mark de Ste Croix,&nbsp;Gregory Walsh","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some technical limitations to using the eccentric mode to measure peak eccentric strength of the hamstrings (PTH_ecc) were raised. PTH_ecc also has limited validity to predict performance or injury risk factor. Therefore, our aim was to compare PTH_ecc and other isokinetic variables tested in the eccentric and passive modes. Twenty male hockey players (20.2 ± 1.1 years; 179.7 ± 6.9 cm; 73.4 ± 7.1 kg and 12.2 ± 3.4% of body fat) performed maximal eccentric contractions of the hamstrings at 60°·s⁻¹ (three repetitions) and 180°·s⁻¹ (five repetitions) on both legs and using the eccentric mode and the passive mode (automatic movement of the lever arm) of the Biodex System 4 isokinetic dynamometer. The following variables were measured: PTH_ecc, the angle of peak torque (APT,°), angle-specific H_ecc torque at intervals of 10° and the rate of torque development (RTD) in the first 50 ms and the first 100 ms. The main results showed that compared to the eccentric mode, the passive mode led to a significantly greater PTH_ecc in the non-dominant leg only and significantly smaller APT, RTD and angle-specific H_ecc at angles close to knee flexion. In contrast, significantly greater angle-specific H_ecc was observed in the passive mode at angles close to extension (10°–40°). This suggests that, although eccentric or concentric modes can be used to compare isokinetic data to existing literature, it is preferable to use the passive mode to assess peak torque or torque close to knee extension. The eccentric mode might be better to assess variables at the start of movement such as RTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Acute Effects Of Hip Thrust and Glute Bridge Exercises With Different Loads on Sprint Performance and Horizontal Force–Velocity Profile in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Approach","authors":"Salih Çabuk,&nbsp;İzzet İnce","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the acute effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) with different loads (84% and 60% 1-RM) and exercises (hip thrust; HT and glute bridge; GB) on sprint performance (SP) and horizontal force–velocity (HF–V) profile components in adolescent male soccer players. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: hip thrust group (HTG; <i>n</i> = 13), glute bridge group (GBG; <i>n</i> = 13), and control group (CG; <i>n</i> = 14). Sprint tests at distances of 10, 20, and 30 m were conducted pre-PAPE and post-PAPE protocols with a 7 min rest period. HTG and GBG executed HT and GB exercises at 84% and 60% of their 1-RM loads. Hedge's g was computed to assess within-group (pre-PAPE vs. post-PAPE) comparisons (Within-ES) and between-group (post-PAPE protocols) comparisons (Between-ES). PAPE protocols at 84% and 60% 1-RM loads demonstrated moderate effects on F0_rel, P_maxrel, FV_slope, and D_RF and small effects on V₀, RF_max, and S_20m in both HTG and GBG. Conversely, the CG exhibited trivial effects across parameters. Compared to the HTG 84% 1-RM protocol, the GBG 84% 1-RM protocol showed small effects on V₀ and S_10m. The HTG 60% 1-RM protocol had a small effect on RF_max compared to both GBG 84% and 60% 1-RM protocols. Both HTG and GBG 84% and 60% 1-RM protocols demonstrated small effects on S_30m compared to the CG. These findings suggest that GB exercises may offer a viable alternative to HT exercises for eliciting PAPE effects, particularly in enhancing SP and related mechanics in adolescent soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11745155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental fatigue increases perception of effort but does not compromise the inhibitory control of football referees during a match simulation physical task.","authors":"Cássio Zacarias Lopes de Lima, Leonardo de Sousa Fortes, Daniel Alvarez Pires, Hugo Enrico Souza Machado, Andreza Do Socorro Dantas Oliveira, Victor Silveira Coswig, Eduardo Macedo Penna","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functioning (EF) in referees is associated with their decision-making during a match and can be affected by mental fatigue (MF), a psychobiological state induced by prolonged periods of cognitive activity or high cognitive demand within a short timeframe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MF on EF and the perception of effort during a physical task for football referees. Twelve male professional football referees were recruited (32 ± 7.3 years; 1.75 ± 0.06 cm; 85 ± 13.32 kg; 41.4 ± 5.92 mL kg^-1 min^-1 VO2max), visiting the laboratory on three occasions: one for characterization and familiarization and two experimental manipulations: high cognitive load (MF) and low cognitive load. After manipulations, they performed a physical task designed to replicate the physical demands of an official match. During the physical task, executive functioning was tested with a reaction time task and the ratings of perceived effort were assessed using subjective scales. The results revealed no effect of MF on response time performance (p = 0.395). However, higher perceptions of effort were observed in the high cognitive load condition (p = 0.018), which may impact physical performance. Despite the alteration in the perception of effort due to mental fatigue, executive function performance of football referees remained unimpaired.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exergame Training on Executive Function and Heart Rate Variability in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study","authors":"Tzu-Cheng Yu,&nbsp;Pei-Tzu Wu,&nbsp;Wen-Lan Wu,&nbsp;Yu-Kai Chang,&nbsp;Che-Hsien Chiang,&nbsp;I-Hua Chu","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12249","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exergame has become widely popular and offers great levels of cognitive demands, thus may facilitate cognitive benefits. In addition, researchers have proposed that cardiac autonomic function, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV), is associated with cognitive executive function. However, few exergame training studies have investigated this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10-week exergame training on executive function and HRV in middle-aged and older adults. Ninety-one participants were randomly assigned to either an exergame training group (63.73 ± 4.48 years) or a control group (62.46 ± 4.77 years). The training program was 50 min per session, twice per week for 10 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle. All participants completed questionnaires and received assessments of executive functions and electrocardiography at baseline and postintervention. Results revealed significant group-by-time interaction effects for the three indices of the digit span test and the total initiation time of the Tower of London task with better postintervention performances achieved by the exergame group. The 6 min walk test also improved significantly in the exergame group but not in the control group. No significant change in HRV was observed for both groups. There were significant correlations between HRV and digit span test scores. Our results suggest that the 10-week exergame training program was effective in improving executive functions of working memory, inhibitory control, and planning ability as well as aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, HRV was associated with improved executive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11738168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral End-Range Movement Profile and Shot Effectiveness During Grand Slam Tennis Match-Play","authors":"Cameron Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Peeling,&nbsp;Alistair Murphy,&nbsp;Berwin A. Turlach,&nbsp;Machar Reid","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>End-range movements are among the most demanding but least understood in the sport of tennis. Using male Hawk-Eye data from match-play during the 2021–2023 Australian Open tournaments, we evaluated the speed, deceleration, acceleration, and shot quality characteristics of these types of movement in men's Grand Slam tennis. Lateral end-range movements that incorporated a change of direction (CoD) were identified for analysis using k-means (end-range) and random forest (CoD) machine learning models. Peak speed, average deceleration into the CoD, average reacceleration out of the CoD, and the quality of the shot played were computed. Players were grouped based on their ATP rankings (top 10, top 50, and outside top 50) to examine the influence of ranking on movement profiles and shot effectiveness. Our data showed that end-range movements profiles of top 10 and top 50 players were characterized by higher peak speed (<i>d</i> = 0.3–0.88), deceleration intensity (<i>d</i> = 0.25–0.63), and acceleration intensity (<i>d</i> = 0.06–0.51) when compared to players outside the top 50 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Top 10 players also demonstrated greater peak speeds (<i>d</i> = 0.59) and acceleration intensities (<i>d</i> = 0.45) compared to top 50 players (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was a nonlinear inverse relationship between peak speed and shot quality, such that, as peak speed increased, shot quality decreased—notwithstanding that top 10 players were more likely to hit high-quality shots at higher peak speeds. These results quantify the discrete kinematic characteristics of the sport's most challenging movement sequence and reveal, for the first time, that higher ranked players may possess superior movement potential on court.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Inter-Device Reliability of an Artificial Intelligence App for Real-Time Assessment of 505 Change of Direction Tests","authors":"Francisco J. Barrera-Domínguez,&nbsp;Paul A. Jones,&nbsp;Bartolomé J. Almagro,&nbsp;Jorge Molina-López","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsc.12252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to explore the validity and inter-device reliability of a novel artificial intelligence app (Asstrapp) for real-time measurement of the traditional (tra505) and modified-505 (mod505) change of direction (COD) tests. Twenty-five male Sports Science students (age, 23.5 ± 3.27 years; body height, 178 ± 9.76 cm; body mass, 79.4 ± 14.7 kg) completed 12 trials each, consisting of six tra505 and six mod505 trials. Completion times were simultaneously recorded via single-beam electronic timing gates (ETG) and two different iPhones (APP1 and APP2). In total 300 trials were collected across the two tests, using all three devices, to establish the reliability and validity of the app. The coefficient of variation indicated a similar level of dispersion between the ETG (≤ 2.73%), APP1 (≤ 2.39%) and APP2 (≤ 2.52%). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed excellent reliability among the three timing devices (ICC ≥ 0.99) and Asstrapp relative reliability was excellent for both APP1 (ICC ≥ 0.91) and APP2 (ICC ≥ 0.91). There was a practically perfect correlation and agreement between ETG and Asstrapp (APP1: <i>r</i> = 0.97; APP2: <i>r</i> = 0.97) for both COD tests. However, small but significant differences were found between smartphones and ETG for tra505 (ES ≤ 0.33; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, these findings support the use of Asstrapp for real-time assessment of both 505 COD tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}