European journal of sport science最新文献

{"title":"Multiple Shorter High-Intensity Interval Exercise Sessions During the Day Result in Greater Energy Expenditure With Less Exertion Than a Longer Single Session: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial","authors":"Gilton de Jesus Gomes,&nbsp;Caíque Olegário Diniz Magalhães,&nbsp;Ilkilene Pinheiro Queiroz,&nbsp;Júllia Alves de Andrade,&nbsp;Bruna Caroline Chaves Garcia,&nbsp;Ramona Ramalho de Souza Pereira,&nbsp;Joyce Mirlane Moreira Costa,&nbsp;Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas,&nbsp;Daniel Campos Villela,&nbsp;Flávio Castro de Magalhães,&nbsp;Fernando Gripp,&nbsp;Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim,&nbsp;Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breaking up periods of sedentary time with brief bouts of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is suggested as a time-efficient approach to improve exercise adherence and health. This randomized crossover clinical trial was designed to compare energy expenditure (EE), cardiometabolic, and perceptual responses during HIIE performed in a single session (1xHIIE) or split into three shorter sessions (3xHIIE) throughout the day. Fifteen male participants (48.5 ± 2.9 years) completed two experimental protocols: 1xHIIE protocol consisted of a single 21 min session, whereas the 3xHIIE protocol consisted of three shorter 7 min sessions separated by a 4 h interval between each session. Oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were measured during the experimental protocols. The 1xHIIE and 3x HIIE sessions induced similar EE (298.20 ± 51.74 and 299.32 ± 69.18 kcal, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.88). However, postexercise EE following the 3xHIIE was approximately twice as high as the 1xHIIE (62.97 ± 14.97 vs. 27.42 ± 8.98 kcal, respectively; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) or approximately 36 kcal higher. Additionally, compared to 1xHIIE, the 3x HIIE protocol induced lower HR (158 ± 12 and 147 ± 8 bpm, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.018), rating perceived effort (15.8 ± 1.8 and 14.4 ± 1.7 respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.0012), and blood lactate (7.7 ± 3.7 and 5.4 ± 1.8 mmol/L, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.013). These findings suggest that multiple brief sessions of HIIE throughout the day result in a greater energy expenditure with less perceived exertion than a single HIIE session in middle-aged male individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Inflammation Responses to Walking Roadside and Park Routes After School: A Real-World Crossover Study","authors":"Scarlett Moloney,&nbsp;Gavin Devereux","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Active travel to and from school is encouraged as a form of daily exercise. However, a significant proportion of children's pollution exposure has been attributed to this time due to road traffic volume. We investigated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) responses in children walking roadside and park routes after school. 18 children (9.6 ± 1.0 years) completed six 30 min walks immediately after a school day (three in each environment). FeNO was measured before and after, with pollution concentrations measured during each walk. FeNO was reduced following roadside (20.87 ± 17.14 vs. 18.96 ± 15.63 ppb and <i>p</i> = 0.006) and park walks (19.13 ± 2.22 vs. 16.60 ± 2.74 ppb and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The reductions were not different between the two environments. The ICC for all pre-walk FeNO was good (0.882 95% CI: 0.792, 0.947). Measured PM_2.5 (5.9 ± 2.2 vs. 6.5 ± 2.6 μg/m³), PM₁₀ (14.9 ± 11.9 vs. 14.8 ± 8.1 μg/m³) and VOCs (132 ± 91 vs. 80 ± 50 ppb) were not different between roadside and park conditions, respectively. Modest reductions in FeNO after walking suggest a normal response to light to moderate intensity exercise. The similar responses for roadside and park environments suggest that the benefits of active travel outweigh potential risk of pollution exposure where pollution concentrations are below current World Health Organisation thresholds. FeNO can also be reliably measured at the end of a school day with little direct control of behaviour in the hours before measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity in Children and Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Results From a Three-Month Exercise Intervention","authors":"Tiina Savikangas,&nbsp;Pedro Valadão,&nbsp;Eero A. Haapala,&nbsp;Iida Laatikainen-Raussi,&nbsp;Timo Rantalainen,&nbsp;Taija Finni","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) are suggested to be less active than typically developing controls (TDs). However, their higher physical activity (PA) energy expenditure during a given activity should be considered. We investigated PA in 10 children and young adults with CP (seven males, 15.4 ± 5.1 years, and Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I/III) and eight TDs (six males, 15.3 ± 4.2 years). PA was assessed with a triaxial accelerometer at baseline and, in participants with CP, during a 3-month exercise intervention. Data were analyzed for sedentary time, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA using both general and, for participants with CP, GMFCS-specific cutoffs. Statistical analyses included independent and paired sample <i>t</i>-tests. Based on the general cutoffs, TD and CP participants accumulated on average 516.0 ± 122 and 610 ± 92 min/day sedentary time, 155 ± 37 and 138 ± 46 min/day light PA, and 76 ± 28 and 58 ± 30 min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA at baseline. No statistically significant between-group differences were found (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.081). When applying GMFCS-specific cutoffs, participants with CP on average accumulated 537 ± 105, 206 ± 61, and 64 ± 31 min/day sedentary time, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. These values differed from their values based on general cutoffs (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.004). The 51 min difference in light PA in favor of the CP group was borderline significant (<i>p</i> = 0.054). In the CP group, PA did not change from baseline to follow-up (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.098). In conclusion, children and young adults with CP may be as active as TDs, especially when their higher PA energy cost is considered. Muscle strength and gait performance improving exercise did not seem promising in facilitating PA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ISRCTN69044459</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Acute Changes in the Load–Velocity Profile During Countermovement Jump Exercise Following Different Velocity-Based Resistance Training Protocols in Recreational Runners","authors":"Alejandro Pérez-Castilla,&nbsp;Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,&nbsp;Felipe García-Pinillos,&nbsp;Aitor Marcos-Blanco","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed (i) to explore the reliability of the load–velocity relationship variables (load-axis intercept [<i>L</i>₀], velocity-axis intercept [<i>v</i>₀], and the area under the load–velocity relationship line [<i>A</i>_<i>line</i>]) obtained during the countermovement jump exercise in successive sessions and (ii) to examine the feasibility of the load–velocity relationship variables to detect acute changes in the lower-body maximal mechanical capacities following different velocity-based training (VBT) protocols. Twenty-one recreational runners completed four randomized VBT protocols (three back squat sets with three minutes of rest) on separate occasions: (i) VBT with 60% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 10% velocity loss (VBT_60–10); (ii) VBT with 60% 1RM and 30% velocity loss (VBT_60–30); (iii) VBT with 80% 1RM and 10% velocity loss (VBT_80–10); and (iv) VBT with 80% 1RM and 30% velocity loss (VBT_80–30). The load–velocity relationship was determined before and after each VBT protocol using the two-point method in the countermovement jump with a 0.5 kg load and another matching a mean velocity of 0.55 m·s⁻¹. All load–velocity relationship variables had an acceptable reliability (CV ≤ 5.61% and ICC ≥ 0.83, except for <i>v</i>₀ between VBT_60–30 and VBT_80–10). Both <i>v</i>₀ and <i>A</i>_<i>line</i> were reduced after VBT_60–30 and VBT_80–30 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.044 and ES ≥ −0.47) but not after VBT_60–10 and VBT_80–10 (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.066 and ES ≤ −0.37). The post–pre differences were not significantly associated between VBT protocols for any load–velocity relationship variable (<i>r</i> ≤ 0.327 and <i>p</i> ≥ 0.148). Although the load–velocity relationship is reliable and sensitive to high-repetition VBT protocols, its use to detect acute changes in the lower-body maximal mechanical capacities is characterized by a high variability in individual responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eligibility of Athletes With a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes","authors":"Niall Timothy Fife,&nbsp;Alex Lauren Shaw,&nbsp;Georgina Kate Stebbings,&nbsp;Marie Chollier,&nbsp;Luke Thomas Joseph Cox,&nbsp;Andy Neil Harvey,&nbsp;Alun Gwen Williams,&nbsp;Shane Micheal Heffernan","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (<i>n</i> = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic-recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic-recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic-recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. After reviewing these novel results, the athletes' voice (in combination with scientific evidence) should be utilised to create appropriate policies that align with the collective values of athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of Aerobic Performance in Adolescents and Adults","authors":"Maximiliane Thron,&nbsp;Ronny Kuhnert,&nbsp;Stefan Altmann,&nbsp;Friedrich Barsch,&nbsp;Sascha Härtel,&nbsp;Almut Richter,&nbsp;Lars Schlenker,&nbsp;Klaus Bös,&nbsp;Alexander Woll,&nbsp;Janis Fiedler","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered as a main indicator of cardiovascular health and is associated with a reduced risk of noncommunicable diseases. The objective is to explore the potential behavioral, interpersonal, socioeconomic, and anthropometric factors associated with a submaximal measure for CRF among adolescents and adults in Germany. Data were drawn from a population-based nationwide cross-sectional study, involving 2886 male and 3034 female participants aged 14–64 who were part of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011) and the Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2014–2017). Participants completed a submaximal cycle ergometer test to determine the relative power at the individual anaerobic lactate threshold (pLT₂) (W/kg). Multivariable survey-weighted mixed linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of potential correlates with pLT₂. Among both sexes, being involved in physical exercise (PE) and activity (PA) and having a tertiary education was associated with hana higher pLT₂, whereas currently smoking and classified as overweight or obese was associated with a lower pLT₂. Among females being single and among males, a higher fruit consumption was associated with a higher pLT₂. A lower pLT₂ was associated with a higher waist circumference and a high junk food intake in females and being a former smoker and being single in males. Overall, PE and nonsmoking are the most important determinants for pLT₂; therefore, policies and interventions targeting those factors would be important for preventing noncommunicable diseases. Overall, these findings can offer valuable insights for customizing prevention strategies to meet the specific needs of different subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Young Adults","authors":"Marco Giurgiu,&nbsp;Anastasia Benedyk,&nbsp;Markus Reichert,&nbsp;Oksana Berhe,&nbsp;Urs Braun,&nbsp;Ulrich Ebner-Priemer,&nbsp;Heike Tost,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sedentary lifestyles can be seen as one of the central risk factors for poor health in the 21st century. Previous studies indicated negative associations between sedentary behavior and brain health. However, the neurological link between sedentary behavior and gray matter volume remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between device-based measured sedentary time and gray matter volume in healthy young adults. A total of 181 participants wore a move-II hip-accelerometer to measure sedentary time and physical activity over seven consecutive days. Following the study week, participants underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to assess gray matter volume. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted on the MRI data, and group comparisons focused on a region of interest to examine the potential association of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). On a daily average, participants spent 6.04 h (SD = 2.2) in sedentary and 1.2 h (SD = 0.51) in MVPA. More sedentary time was associated with lower gray matter volume in the left superior frontal gyrus (pFWE = 0.007). Furthermore, participants with high levels of MVPA demonstrated higher gray matter volume in the left (pFWE = 0.028) and right (pFWE = 0.022) superior frontal gyrus compared to the sedentary group with low MVPA engagement. Sedentary behavior may be linked to smaller gray matter volume in brain structure, particularly in the superior frontal gyrus, which plays an important role in motor and cognitive brain networks. Intriguingly, people with high sedentary behavior but concurrently high levels of MVPA did not exhibit this negative gray matter association.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Year Follow-Up of Clinical and Morphological Outcomes in Elite Athletes With Early-Stage Lower Extremity Tendinopathy","authors":"Marc Seidler,&nbsp;Rene B. Svensson,&nbsp;Christopher Meulengracht,&nbsp;Kasper Ø. Christensen,&nbsp;Christoffer Brushøj,&nbsp;Mathilde Kracht,&nbsp;Mikkel H. Hjortshoej,&nbsp;S. Peter Magnusson,&nbsp;Roald Bahr,&nbsp;Michael Kjær,&nbsp;Christian Couppé","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about early tendinopathy in elite athletes. This study aimed to investigate changes in clinical and ultrasonography outcomes over 1 year and assess the prognostic values of these outcomes at baseline with respect to tendinopathy progression. Sixty-two elite athletes (24 ± 5 years) with early phase (symptom duration &lt; three months) Achilles or patellar tendinopathy (AT and PT) were examined at baseline and after one year. Pain-guided activity modification was the only intervention. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment questionnaires (VISA) for function and symptoms, pain scores (1–10 numerical rating scale (NRS)) and ultrasound tendon morphology (thickness, echogenicity and power Doppler (PD) flow area). A linear mixed-effects model analysed changes from baseline to 1 year. Athletes showed clinical improvements in VISA-Achilles (baseline: 66 ± 5 vs. one-year: 87 ± 2, 95% CI: 13–30, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and effect size <i>d</i> = 3.8), VISA-Patella (baseline: 69 ± 3 vs. one-year: 86 ± 1, 95% CI: 10–26, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 and effect size <i>d</i> = 3.6) scores and most NRS pain scores (≥ 2 points). Tendinopathic Achilles tendons' peritendinous thickness was reduced (−0.79 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.0188 and effect size <i>d</i> = 0.5), whereas patellar tendons remained enlarged. For both AT and PT, lower baseline PD was associated with a greater reduction in thickness over time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and higher baseline VISA scores were linked to greater increases in echo intensity over time (<i>p</i> = 0.0363). In conclusion, elite athletes with early phase AT and PT showed clinical improvement over 1 year, with morphological changes in tendinopathic Achilles tendons only. Lower baseline PD and better initial VISA scores represent a better prognosis for tendinopathy morphology and symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle deoxygenation responses are similar between repeated sprints in hypoxia performed with uni- versus bi-lateral knee extensions but reduced compared to cycling","authors":"Loïs Mougin,&nbsp;Gregoire P. Millet,&nbsp;Christophe Vilmen,&nbsp;David Bendahan,&nbsp;Thomas Rupp","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to assess the effects of oxygen availability (normoxia vs. hypoxia), muscle mass and exercise type on pulse oxygen saturation, and quadriceps muscle oxygenation during repeated sprint exercises. Sixteen healthy participants completed 5 <span></span><math></math> 12 s sprints (21 s rest). This sprint-like exercise was performed under two environmental conditions (normoxia: FiO₂ = 21%; systemic hypoxia: FiO₂ = 13%) and for three exercise modalities: unilateral knee extensions (KE) involving the right leg extensors (UNI), bilateral KE involving both legs extensors (BIL), and bilateral leg cycling (CYC). Measurements included power output, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and <i>vastus lateralis</i> oxygenation (delta in tissue saturation index; ΔTSI). In hypoxia, a similar minimal SpO₂ was reported in UNI and BIL but SpO₂ was lower in CYC (<i>p</i> = 0.047 and <i>p</i> = 0.021). ΔTSI during sprints and recoveries were similar in UNI and BIL but greater in CYC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and in normoxia compared to hypoxia (main condition effect; <i>p</i> = 0.002). The power output was lower during KE exercises than during cycling, and no effect of hypoxia has been reported. The main results of this study indicate that unilateral and bilateral KE at high intensity induce comparable pulse and local muscular desaturation in hypoxia, and that these alterations are exacerbated during cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Post-Exercise Oxygen Kinetics Modeling With Physiological Bounds and Manual V̇O2_baseline Input: A Novel Approach","authors":"Süleyman Ulupınar,&nbsp;İzzet İnce,&nbsp;Cebrail Gençoğlu,&nbsp;Serhat Özbay,&nbsp;Salih Çabuk","doi":"10.1002/ejsc.12306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study addresses a critical limitation in existing computational tools for modeling post-exercise oxygen consumption kinetics (V̇O₂). Although exponential modeling provides practical insights into recovery dynamics, the inability to incorporate an individual's pre-exercise baseline oxygen consumption value (V̇O₂__baseline) can lead to inaccurate interpretations. A user-defined baseline allows for more precise modeling by aligning recovery kinetics with the true physiological endpoint, representing the individual's actual recovery target after a sufficient rest. To overcome this limitation, this study employs a customized Python algorithm that incorporates user-defined baseline V̇O₂ and uses both mono-exponential and bi-exponential models, aiming to improve upon existing analytical methods. Twenty-two male amateur soccer players participated in this study and performed a 30-s Wingate test. V̇O₂ was measured continuously before, during, and after exercise via a metabolic gas analyzer. Both mono-exponential and bi-exponential models were used to analyze post-exercise V̇O₂ kinetics. The analysis was performed using Origin software (as the reference tool), GedaeLab (a specialized web-based platform), and a custom-developed Python algorithm. The bi-exponential model demonstrated superior fit compared to the mono-exponential model with higher determination coefficient (<i>R</i>²) values. Specifically, <i>R</i>² values were 0.963 ± 0.013 and 0.805 ± 0.078 for the bi-exponential and mono-exponential models, respectively. The bi-exponential model also provided a more accurate approximation of real post-exercise oxygen consumption integrals at both 5 min and 15 min. Additionally, variations in V̇O_{2_baseline} values had different impacts on key parameters in both models, showing that higher V̇O_{2_baseline} values generally improved the model fit in the mono-exponential model but had minimal impact on the bi-exponential model.</p>","PeriodicalId":93999,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sport science","volume":"25 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsc.12306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}