European journal of breast health最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of Chest Wall Perforator Flaps for Partial Breast Reconstruction: A Single-Center, Single-Surgeon Experience.","authors":"Waleed Burhamah, Unnati Shah, Karisma Sharma, Xiangmei Caroline Cui, Iqbal Javeria","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-12-7","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-12-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Achieving clear margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) can result in significant tissue loss, particularly in women with small breast volumes or large tumours. Oncoplastic BCS aims to ensure an oncologically safe resection with superior cosmetic outcomes. Chest wall perforator flaps (CWPFs) offer a muscle-sparing, volume-replacement option in BCS. This study reports a single-centre, single-surgeon experience using CWPFs for partial breast reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all women who underwent wide local excision followed by reconstruction with a CWPF between 2023 and 2025. Demographic, tumour, treatment, and outcome variables were collected from electronic records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-five patients (median age 52) underwent CWPF reconstruction, most commonly with lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps (<i>n</i> = 48, 87.3%). Two (<i>n</i> = 2, 3.6%) patients had wound breakdown postoperatively, requiring return to theatre for re-suturing. Our margin re-excision rate was 9.1% (<i>n</i> = 5), and 3.6% of patients (<i>n</i> = 2) required completion mastectomy because final histology identified more extensive disease than preoperative imaging had indicated. No partial or complete flap losses were observed. Two patients (<i>n</i> = 2, 3.6%) required secondary lipofilling sessions for aesthetic purposes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CWPFs are a reliable, safe, and aesthetically favourable option for partial breast reconstruction, particularly in women with small to moderate breast volumes and minimal ptosis. Rates of complications, flap loss, and re-excision were low and comparable to those reported in the existing literature. Further prospective multi-centre studies that include patient-reported outcomes are warranted to assess long-term satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"294-306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: \"Robotic and Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Breast Surgery: A Narrative Synthesis on Divergent Global Adoption and Emerging Trends\".","authors":"Vasileios Kalles, Antonio Toesca, Apostolos Mitrousias, Ioannis Papapanagiotou","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-4-6","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"370-371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost of Breast Cancer Treatment by Comorbidity in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates: A Retrospective Data Analytical Approach.","authors":"Meenu Mahak Soni, Noora Almulla, Heba Mohammed Mamdouh","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-11-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-11-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Dubai, yet the economic burden of its treatment remains understudied. This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs of breast cancer care in Dubai in 2024 and to examine variations by encounter type, comorbidity burden, and provider setting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of insurance claims was conducted for January-December 2024. Breast cancer cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10^th revision, clinical modification codes, and comorbidity burden was assessed using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Costs were analyzed by encounter type (outpatient, inpatient, day case) and by provider setting (clinic/center versus hospital). A Tweedie generalized linear model was applied to evaluate the effect of comorbidities and service characteristics on costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8,967 patients (mean age 51.8 years) with 81,248 claims were identified. Outpatient visits constituted 86% of encounters and accounted for 81% of total expenditure (USD 48.7M). Inpatient admissions accounted for 6% of encounters and had the highest mean cost per patient (USD 10,808). The total expenditure was USD 60.0M. Costs increased significantly with comorbidity severity: patients with CCI ≥5 incurred 6.4-fold higher costs compared to those without comorbidities (p<0.0001). Hospital-based care increased costs by 16%, and pharmacy claims contributed an additional 31% to expenditures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer treatment in Dubai imposes a substantial economic burden, largely driven by outpatient services, hospital-based care, and medication costs. Comorbidity significantly increases expenditures. These findings highlight the importance of integrated, risk-stratified care pathways and sustainable strategies to optimize resource allocation for breast cancer management in the United Arab Emirates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148274228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Myeloid Sarcoma of Breast: A Case Report and Discussion.","authors":"Lian Li, Zhi Liu, Huiling Zhang, Yudie Zou, Yingjia Li","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-12","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-10-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) involving the breast is rare. We reviewed a case of a 21-year-old female with palpable masses in the bilateral breasts without medullary acute myeloid leukemia. Ultrasound revealed irregular, indistinct, and complex hypoechoic masses with internal blood flow and hyperechoic halos in the bilateral breasts. A biopsy was subsequently recommended, and MS was confirmed. Further cytogenetic evaluation of breast biopsy specimens demonstrated positive t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) translocation. The patient was admitted for chemotherapy. Subsequent follow-up breast ultrasound following chemotherapy revealed a notable treatment response. This report aims to delineate the ultrasound characteristics of breast MS and the utilization of ultrasound in the evaluation of early response to chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"363-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Tucatinib, Trastuzumab, and Capecitabine in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Portuguese Study.","authors":"Rita Quaresma Ferreira, Carolina Brandão Monteiro, Ana Catarina Dias, Francisca Abreu, Bogdana Darmits, Maria João Oura, Inês Ângelo, Joana Cabral, Alice Figueiredo, Ricardo Ferreira, Diogo Alpuim Costa, Maria Teresa Marques, Tiago Pina-Cabral, Filipe Araújo, Sandra Bento, Catarina Lopes Fernandes, Mariana Santiago, Bruno Silva, Maria Alexandra Montenegro, Diana Cardoso Simão, Leonor Fernandes, Sónia Duarte Oliveira","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-2-3","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The HER2CLIMB trial demonstrated the benefit of tucatinib, trastuzumab and capecitabine (TTC) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, it predated the clinical use of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), leaving limited evidence for TTC after T-DXd exposure. This national multicenter study assessed the real-world effectiveness and safety of TTC in patients, including those previously treated with T-DXd.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective, non-interventional study included patients with HER2-positive ABC treated with TTC across 17 centers in Portugal (October 2021-May 2025). Outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-one patients were included (median age 54 years). Of the patients, 39.5% (<i>n</i> = 32) had brain metastases, and 61.7% (<i>n</i> = 50) had prior T-DXd exposure. Median follow-up was 21.0 months; ORR and DCR were 24.4% and 64.1%, respectively. Median PFS (mPFS) was 9.0 months (m) [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9-12.1], and median OS (mOS) was 14.0 months (m) (95% CI: 10.5-17.5). In patients previously treated with T-DXd, the median mPFS 7.0 m (95% CI: 3.6-10.4) and 13.0 m (95% CI: 9.3-16.7), respectively. Among patients with brain metastases, mPFS was 12.0 m (95% CI: 6.7-17.3) and mOS was 17.0 m (95% CI: 12.9-21.1). The most frequent all grade adverse events were fatigue (58.0%) and diarrhea (56.8%); CTCAE grade ≥3 events occurred in 16.0%. Treatment discontinuation due to toxicity occurred in 7.4% of participants; there were no treatment-related deaths.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this national real-world cohort, TTC demonstrated clinically meaningful activity and was not associated with any new safety signals in HER2-positive ABC, including patients previously exposed to T-Dxd and those with brain metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"318-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Breast MRI for Predicting Pathologic Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer.","authors":"Eri Kato, Hideo Shigematsu, Ai Amioka, Shinsuke Sasada, Takayuki Kadoya, Morihito Okada","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-9","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accurate prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is essential for treatment decision-making in breast cancer. The value of integrated prediction models combining interim magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with clinicopathological factors remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare interim and post-NAC MRI in predicting pCR and to assess the performance of prediction models integrating MRI and clinicopathological variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 249 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent MRI before, during (interim), and after NAC. Clinicopathological variables were selected via stepwise regression based on the minimum Akaike information criterion. Four predictive models were developed: Model A used clinicopathological variables alone; Model B added interim MRI; Model C added post-NAC MRI; and Model D incorporated both interim and post-NAC MRI. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two (25%) patients achieved pCR. Independent predictors in Model A included hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, and clinical tumor size. The areas under the curves were 0.721 (Model A), 0.819 (Model B), 0.847 (Model C), and 0.848 (Model D). Model B (interim MRI) demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.99) and negative predictive value (0.97), enabling early identification of pCR, while Models C and D showed only modest improvements. In decision curve analysis, calibration and clinical utility were superior in models incorporating MRI compared with Model A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Interim MRI demonstrated pCR-predictive performance comparable to that of post-NAC MRI, supporting its potential utility as a clinically meaningful tool for early treatment decision-making. However, its relatively high false-positive rate suggests that caution is warranted when applying it to guide surgical de-escalation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"350-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Early Outcomes of Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction in Advanced Breast Cancer: An Indian Experience.","authors":"Meenu Jose, Shivani Sable, Tabassum Wadasadawala, Rajiv Sarin, Rima Pathak, Revathy Krishnamurthy, Shalaka Joshi, Vinaykant Shankhdhar, Dushyant Jaiswal, Saumya Mathews, Mayur Mantri","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-11-11","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2025-11-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Post-mastectomy breast reconstruction improves body image and quality of life for women with breast cancer. Most adverse events emerge within the first 90 days and may contribute to long-term morbidity. This study prospectively evaluated the incidence and predictors of early complications following immediate autologous breast reconstruction in women with locally advanced breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prospective data from a randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2017/01/007745) involving women undergoing immediate autologous whole breast reconstruction were analysed. Breast and donor-site complications were recorded and graded using Clavien-Dindo classification over 0-30 and 31-90 days. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 160 patients were included. The mean age was 37±7 years; body mass index (BMI) was 25.7±4.6; 25.6% had comorbidities. Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps accounted for 85% of reconstructions. Within 0-30 days, 45% developed primary‑site complications; 33% developed donor‑site complications. At 31-90 days, primary‑site complications were reduced to 15%, and donor‑site complications to 13%. Re‑exploration was required in 11%; however, no flap loss was observed. Univariate analysis showed age >37, BMI ≥25, diabetes, multiple comorbidities, any comorbidity, and DIEP increased primary-site complication risk and BMI ≥25 and DIEP predicted donor‑site events. Multivariate analysis confirmed multiple comorbidities and DIEP as predictors of primary‑site complications, while BMI ≥25 and DIEP predicted donor‑site complications. As DIEP flaps predominated, in our patients technique-based comparisons should be interpreted cautiously.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate autologous whole-breast reconstruction in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing multimodal therapy, including intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, resulted in a high overall complication rate but no reconstructive failures, highlighting the need for a selective, individualized approach with comprehensive preoperative counselling and shared decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axillary Lymph Node Calcifications due to Tattoo Pigment: A Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.","authors":"Manuel López-Herrero, Mireia Pitarch, Mario Giner, David López-Segura, Rodrigo Alcantara","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-11","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2025.2025-9-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tattoo pigment may migrate to regional lymph nodes and appear as dense deposits and/or calcifications, mimicking malignant axillary findings on breast imaging. We report a breast imaging case with apparent axillary lymph node calcifications detected on mammography and ultrasound, in which image-guided sampling and histopathology demonstrated tattoo pigment-related deposits without malignancy. Awareness of this benign mimic, combined with careful correlation with the clinical history and multimodality imaging, can prevent unnecessary escalation of care. Additionally, confirming imaging-pathology concordance supports accurate diagnosis and helps avoid overtreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grisotti versus Wise-Pattern Oncoplastic Reconstruction in Central Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Ismail Ahmed Shafik, Sherif Mohamed Mokhtar, Kerolos A Barsoum, Abdelrahman Lotfy, Abdelrahman M Mohamed, Muhammed Hussein Khalifa, Ahmed Shafik, Mahmoud Ali Abdel-Mohsen","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-3-1","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Central breast tumors requiring excision of the nipple-areola complex present a reconstructive challenge in breast-conserving surgery. Volume-displacement oncoplastic techniques, including the Grisotti flap and reduction-based Wise-pattern reconstruction, allow breast preservation while maintaining oncological safety. This study compares the short-term oncological and aesthetic outcomes of these two techniques.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 40 patients with centrally located breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery between March 2023 and November 2024. Patients were randomized to reconstruction using either the Grisotti technique (<i>n</i> = 20) or the Wise-pattern technique (<i>n</i> = 20). The primary outcome was surgical margin status. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications and aesthetic satisfaction. The mean follow-up duration was 6.9 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean tumor size was 3.2±1.5 cm in the Grisotti group and 2.6±0.8 cm in the Wise-pattern group (<i>p</i> = 0.327). The mean tumor-to-nipple-areola complex distance was 2.17±1.01 cm in the Grisotti group and 2.90±1.04 cm in the Wise-pattern group (<i>p</i> = 0.428). Negative surgical margins were achieved in 90% and 100% of cases, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.487), with re-excision required in two Grisotti cases. Postoperative complications did not differ significantly between groups; seroma was the most frequent complication (25% <i>vs.</i> 20%, <i>p</i> = 1.0). Patient satisfaction was rated as good or excellent in 85% of Grisotti cases and 90% of Wise-pattern cases (<i>p</i> = 0.549). Mean surgeon satisfaction scores were 7.55±1.39 and 8.10±0.72, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.128). No cases of flap necrosis were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the Grisotti and Wise-pattern techniques demonstrated comparable short-term oncological safety and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes in breast-conserving surgery for central breast tumors. Differences in patient and surgeon satisfaction did not reach statistical significance. The Grisotti technique is most suitable for patients with small-to-moderate breast volumes and mild-to-moderate ptosis, while the Wise-pattern technique offers advantages in macromastia, significant ptosis, or when contralateral symmetrisation is planned. These findings support individualized technique selection based on breast volume and anatomical considerations, while highlighting the need for larger studies with longer follow-up to assess long-term oncological and aesthetic outcomes, and prospective use of validated aesthetic outcome instruments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":"22 3","pages":"340-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148280447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Therapeutic Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Kalsoom Mohammed Saleem, Mahira Firudin Amirova, Javanshir Ali Rahimov, Khaleddin Novruz Musayev, Ellada Eldar Huseynova, Nigar Veli Melikova","doi":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-2","DOIUrl":"10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2026.2026-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen and progesterone receptors, and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and is associated with early relapse, visceral metastasis, and limited targeted options. High-throughput profiling supports TNBC as a collection of molecularly distinct diseases with exploitable vulnerabilities across DNA-damage response, cell-cycle control, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, metabolism, and anti-tumor immunity. Clinically, immune checkpoint blockade has shifted standards of care in selected settings, and biomarker enrichment is increasingly central to trial design. In parallel, DNA repair-directed approaches, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in BRCA1/2-mutant and homologous recombination-deficient tumors, are being extended through rational combinations that intensify replication stress (e.g., ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, WEE1, or checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition) to deepen responses and delay resistance. Additional candidate targets, including androgen receptor-driven disease biology, epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling, and emerging antibody-drug conjugate antigens highlight the importance of matching therapy to subtype and tumor microenvironment context. Metabolic reprogramming (glycolysis, fatty-acid oxidation/synthesis, and amino-acid use) intersects with therapy resistance and may provide complementary combination opportunities. In this study, we synthesize recent advances in actionable TNBC pathways, summarize key preclinical and clinical evidence, and propose a pragmatic framework for biomarker-led combinations that integrate DNA repair, cell-cycle, metabolic, and immune vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":93996,"journal":{"name":"European journal of breast health","volume":" ","pages":"240-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147577261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}