Current stem cell research & therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Efficacy of Umbilical Cord (UC) Serum, Human Platelet Lysate, and the Synergistic Effect of Nano-curcumin and Crocin as Supplements in the Proliferation and Survival of Human UC-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs).","authors":"Akram Sheikh, Javad Baharara, Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad, Mahmoud Reza Jafari, Mohammad Amin Kerachian, Jalil Tavakol Afshari","doi":"10.2174/011574888X372692250918112149","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X372692250918112149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), the conventional supplement for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) culture, presents ethical issues, batch variability, and risks of pathogen transmission. This study aimed to evaluate human-derived Umbilical Cord Serum (UCS) and Human Platelet Lysate (HPL) as xeno-free alternatives to FBS and to assess the synergistic effects of nano-curcumin and crocin as supplements to enhance the proliferation and survival of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were cultured in media supplemented with 10% FBS (control), UCS, or HPL. These groups were further treated with nano-curcumin (0.3 μM) or crocin (2.5 μM), either individually or in combination. Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, and pluripotency gene expression (Sox2, Nanog, Oct4) was analyzed by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UCS and HPL supplements significantly increased MSC proliferation compared to the FBS control (p < 0.001). Specifically, UCS reduced the population doubling time by approximately 50%. Supplementation with crocin reduced apoptosis by up to 30% (p = 0.04) and significantly enhanced the expression of the pluripotency genes Sox2 and Nanog, particularly in cultures supplemented with HPL. In contrast, nano-curcumin inhibited MSC proliferation and increased apoptosis across all tested conditions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results demonstrate that UCS and HPL are effective, viable alternatives to FBS, promoting superior MSC expansion. The anti-apoptotic and stemness-enhancing properties of crocin highlight its potential as a valuable additive for improving culture quality and cell survival. The cytotoxic effects observed with nano-curcumin underscore a critical need for dose-optimization studies. The primary limitation of this study is the use of fixed concentrations for the supplements, which warrants further investigation across a range of doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UCS and HPL are robust, ethically sound replacements for FBS in MSC biomanufacturing. Crocin can further enhance culture outcomes by improving cell survival and maintaining stemness. These findings support the development of optimized, xeno-free culture systems for scalable MSC production, which is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"121-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting TMEM175 in Lysosomal Physiology and Human Diseases.","authors":"Guanfeng Lu, Shujuan Fan, Jianhui Gu, Wuyang Zhou, Xiaolin Zhang, Gang Fang, Zhiyong Cao","doi":"10.2174/011574888X385236250729200924","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X385236250729200924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transmembrane protein TMEM175, a cation channel located on the lysosomal membrane, plays a crucial role in regulating lysosomal membrane potential and maintaining intralysosomal pH stability. It is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes recent advancements in understanding TMEM175's role in lysosomal physiology, with a detailed discussion of its regulatory mechanisms and specific contributions to lysosomal function. Furthermore, it explores the potential links between TMEM175 and human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. The structure of TMEM175 is elaborated upon, highlighting how activators and inhibitors interact with different structural domains of TMEM175, revealing multiple potential active sites. The functional significance of these sites and their relationships with TMEM175's activity are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"186-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down-regulation of Laminin and its Correlated Significance to Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Hirschsprung's Disease.","authors":"Yaru Mou, Dongming Wang, Jing Gao, Jian Wang, Qinghao Li","doi":"10.2174/011574888X379509250805102539","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X379509250805102539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hirschsprung's Disease (HSCR) is characterized by aganglionosis in the distal gut, but the role of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) components in its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between laminin, a key ECM protein, and Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in HSCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the expression and localization of laminin and ICC in paraffin-embedded colon sections from HSCR patients. Whole-mount preparations and confocal microscopy were employed to visualize the ICC network. Laminin and c-Kit expression levels were evaluated by Western blot and qPCR. Isolated ICCs were treated with laminin-targeting siRNA or exogenous laminin protein. The effects on c-Kit expression, cell viability, and apoptosis were assessed via Western blot, qRT-PCR, MTT assay, and TUNEL staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Laminin and ICCs were localized in the muscle layers and intermuscular regions, with laminin partially colocalizing with ICCs. In HSCR colon segments, laminin and ICC expression were significantly reduced, and ICC networks were disrupted (p < 0.05). Silencing laminin decreased c- Kit expression, ICC viability, and increased apoptosis, whereas exogenous laminin restored c-Kit expression, enhanced viability, and reduced apoptosis (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest laminin deficiency contributes to ICC loss in HSCR, impairing intestinal motility. This aligns with prior ECM-neural crest cell studies but contrasts with reports of elevated laminin in whole-tissue analyses, possibly due to regional or temporal differences. Limitations include reliance on rodent ICC models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laminin supports ICC viability and prevents apoptosis. Reduced laminin expression in HSCR contributes to the loss of ICC, disrupting pacemaker activity and impairing colonic motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application Prospects and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Spinal Cord Injury Repair.","authors":"Yifeng Zhang, Cunxin Zhang, Kai Gao, Kang Li, Maoqing Fu, Chaoliang Lv","doi":"10.2174/011574888X384819250823091635","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X384819250823091635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe, disabling condition for which current treatments are largely insufficient in restoring neurological function. Despite advances in surgical and pharmacological interventions, no effective treatment currently exists to reverse neurological deficits caused by SCI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hucMSCs), have shown promise in tissue regeneration due to their multipotency and low immunogenicity. However, challenges such as low engraftment rates, tumorigenicity, and potential immune responses limit their clinical application. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, demonstrating significant potential in SCI treatment. MSC-Exos exerts its therapeutic effects through mechanisms such as immune modulation, promotion of angiogenesis and axon regeneration, and reduction of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability. Furthermore, hucMSC-Exos demonstrate advantages in scalability, safety, and therapeutic efficacy, making them a promising cell-free approach for SCI repair. This review summarizes the biological properties of MSC-Exos, their roles in tissue injury repair, and their mechanistic contributions across different phases of SCI pathophysiology. Understanding these mechanisms will help pave the way for clinical translation of MSC-Exos as a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Outcomes of Schwann Cell Therapy on Functional Recovery, Axonal Regeneration, and Remyelination in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review Study.","authors":"Khairollah Asadollahi, Somayeh Heidarizadi, Monireh Azizi","doi":"10.2174/011574888X368052250722173956","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X368052250722173956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cell therapy is regarded as a significant and therapeutic strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). This systematic review was conducted to assess Schwann cell (SC) therapy and its effect on functional recovery, axonal regeneration, and remyelination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By a systematic review study, all associated articles that investigated the effect of Schwann cell therapy on functional recovery, axonal regeneration and remyelination and were published between 1995 and 2024 were evaluated through searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. The following keywords were searched: spinal cord injury, Schwann cell therapy, transplantation, functional recovery, axonal regeneration, and remyelination and Boolean operators were used to increase the search results: \"(Remyelination OR Regeneration OR Transplantation) AND (Spinal Cord Injury)\", \"Spinal Cord Injury AND Schwann cell\", \"Spinal Cord Injury AND Schwann cell AND transplantation\" and the search was filtered for species, injury type, experimental study, interventional study, clinical trial study, systematic review and meta-analysis study and was limited to articles in English and Persian languages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of studies on animal samples showed significant functional recovery of cases treated using SCs. However, the success of cell therapy in human experiments has not been established; moreover, researchers should consider other therapeutic approaches in addition to cell transplantation, especially combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Studies have shown that Schwann cell transplantation into a contused spinal cord can result in axonal regeneration and functional recovery, similar to the repair models involving spinal cord transection. Therefore, an understanding of the results of Schwann cell therapy on functional recovery, axonal regeneration, and remyelination in spinal cord injury is necessary and helpful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Schwann cell transplantation promotes functional recovery and axonal regeneration in SCI animal models, but human translation requires further investigation, highlighting the need for combinatorial therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"277-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complicated by Osteomyelitis Using Platelet-rich Plasma Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Saeed Abouei Mehrizi, Nazila Heidari, Amirhossein Heidari, Yekta Ghane, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh","doi":"10.2174/011574888X395962250826111450","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X395962250826111450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting up to 15% of diabetic patients and leading to high rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and lower limb amputation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case study details the management of a 67-year-old diabetic male patient with a DFU complicated by osteomyelitis. The patient, with a long history of diabetes and multiple comorbidities, was treated with a comprehensive regimen that included antibiotics, debridement, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. PRP was administered weekly for 15 weeks. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were employed for the evaluation of the disease improvement. As a result, a marked improvement in wound healing was observed, characterized by reduced wound size, accelerated closure of the wound, and enhanced tissue regeneration. However, the patient developed deep vein thrombosis, which was successfully managed with anticoagulants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights PRP's potential in DFU treatment due to its regenerative properties despite the risk of adverse effects. The efficacy of PRP aligns with previous studies, showing improved healing rates and infection control. Future research should focus on large-scale trials to optimize PRP protocols and confirm the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic method in DFU.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"342-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermal Fibroblasts-derived Exosomes Alleviated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Rats Partially by Regulating Autophagy.","authors":"Shi Wang, Cuie Chen, Xixi Zhang, Yuanyuan Liu, Anqun Sheng, Yuanyuan Sun","doi":"10.2174/011574888X382647250728115724","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X382647250728115724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a prevalent chronic pulmonary disorder predominantly affecting preterm infants, is characterized by impaired lung development and persistent inflammatory-mediated lung injury. Dermal fibroblast-derived exosomes (DF-Exos) have been demonstrated to alleviate inflammation and promote epithelial tissue repair; however, their role in lung injury remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of DF-Exos on BPD and explore their relationship with autophagy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DF-Exos were isolated using the ultracentrifugation method. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to hyperoxic conditions (90% O₂) for 7 days to establish a BPD model. Lung morphology, pulmonary vasculature, and the expression of inflammatory mediators were assessed. The expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3B, and p62 were detected to evaluate autophagy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxic conditions showed alveolar simplification, reduced microvascular density, and a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In contrast, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed no statistically significant alteration. The expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin1 and LC3B conversion decreased, and p62 accumulated. DF-Exos administration improved alveolar development, increased microvascular density, alleviated inflammation, facilitated the expression of Beclin1 and the conversion of LC3B, and reduced the expression of p62.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study showed that in the BPD model, DF-Exos can promote alveolar repair and vascular regeneration, modulate inflammatory responses, and enhance autophagic activity. However, they may also cause transient lung injury during the initial administration. This effect may be influenced by a mild immune rejection reaction. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and determine the safe therapeutic dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DF-Exos partly ameliorated lung injury in the hyperoxia-induced BPD model, prospectively by enhancing autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol at a Sedative Dose Potently Activates the G1-S Phase Transition to Promote Neural Stem Cell Proliferation via Down-regulated FoxO3a-p27 Pathway.","authors":"Liangtian Lan, Keyu Chen, Wen Zhang, Shujun Sun, Xiaoyu Yang, Wei Xiong, Xuanxian Xu, Ming Wei, Xia Feng, Dihan Lu","doi":"10.2174/011574888X440453251208150650","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X440453251208150650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sedative doses of propofol have recently been reported to exert positive effects on the developing brain, potentially enhancing later cognitive function, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate changes in cell cycle status and reveal the dominant upstream molecular cascade following sedative-dose propofol treatment of primary neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary C57BL/6 murine NSCs were isolated and cultured. Proliferation was assessed using CCK-8 assays, direct cell counting, and EdU labeling after exposure to 10 μM propofol. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Bulk RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to explore potential pathways. FoxO3a overexpression via adenovirus was employed to confirm the mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary NSCs, identified with >95% Nestin positivity, were successfully isolated. Propofol at 10 μM enhanced NSC proliferation as assessed by CCK-8 assays, cell counting, and immunofluorescence. Cell cycle analysis revealed that propofol promotes G1-S phase transition in NSCs. FoxO3a, a crucial component of the redox signaling pathway, was down-regulated after propofol exposure, along with its downstream regulator p27. Importantly, FoxO3a overexpression counteracted propofol's effects on cell cycle distribution and NSC proliferation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that propofol promotes NSC proliferation by inhibiting FoxO3a nuclear translocation, a key mechanism driving the G1-S transition. This effect is concentrationdependent and occurs at clinically relevant sedation levels, highlighting its potential neuroprotective role. The cellular context and specific signaling mediators of the FoxO3a-p27 axis warrant further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study confirms the FoxO3a-p27 axis as a key pathway mediating propofol's proliferative effects on NSCs at sedative concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"418-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"James J Yoo","doi":"10.2174/011574888X457764251107102748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888X457764251107102748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"v"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Meritorious Option to Treat Psoriasis.","authors":"Reza Arefnezhad, Saleheh Jahani, Aram Alipour, Dorrin Alipour Amini, Mohammad Mahdi Safarpour, Sharareh Jahangiri, Arian Karimi Rouzbahani, Hooman Zarei, Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi","doi":"10.2174/011574888X382147250801101300","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011574888X382147250801101300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that affects a significant percentage of the global population. The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the rapid turnover of skin cells and immune system dysregulation, particularly the T cell-mediated autoimmune response. Conventional treatments for Psoriasis include topical therapy, light therapy (phototherapy), and systemic medications; however, some limitations and diverse side effects have been mentioned for their usage. Therefore, increasing attention is being directed toward finding alternative therapeutic methods for psoriasis. Recently, Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) have gained attention for their potential in treating various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular conditions, and metabolic disorders. Multiple advantages have been reported for UC-MSCs, including noninvasive collection, low immunogenicity, and minimal ethical issues. The aim of this review was to explore the potential of UC-MSCs in the treatment of psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93971,"journal":{"name":"Current stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}