Clinical EEG and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Emotion Regulation Skills in Migraine Patients Using Electroencephalography (EEG) Method.","authors":"Begüm Merve Çabuk, Baris Metin, Shams Farhad, Nevzat Tarhan","doi":"10.1177/15500594251410068","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15500594251410068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion regulation is essential for maintaining daily functioning. Previous studies indicate that individuals with migraine have difficulty identifying emotions and exhibit higher alexithymia scores. The P300 and N400 components, associated with attention and semantic processes, provide insights into neural changes during emotion regulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between migraine and emotion regulation by evaluating the P300 and N400 responses obtained during emotion regulation tasks. Participants included individuals with and without a migraine diagnosis. They were shown negative and neutral photographs, followed by instructions to enhance, suppress, or maintain their emotional responses. Afterward, they were asked to evaluate negative or neutral words. During EEG recording, event-related potentials were analyzed, focusing on the P300 and N400 components. P300 responses were recorded from the P3, P4, and Pz electrodes, while N400 responses were collected from FC1, FC2, and Cz electrodes. The migraine group generated a higher P300 response to neutral words compared to the control group. However, for negative words, the control group exhibited a higher P300 response than the migraineurs. According to the data from the FC1 channel, the migraine group produced a higher N400 response to negative words compared to the control group. In the FC2 channel, the migraine group showed a higher N400 response to neutral words than the control group. Although the effect of command did not differ between groups, the migraineurs showed inefficient attention allocation to negative stimuli and alterations in semantic processing of the emotional words depending on the electrode location.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"368-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Hundred Years Later! The Current Utility of EEG Tools in Psychiatry: Some Insights and Perspectives.","authors":"Salvatore Campanella, Brian Coffman, Gary Hasey, Anaïs Ingels, Jennifer Lepock, Paige Nicklas, Victoria Popov, Derek Fisher","doi":"10.1177/15500594251399705","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15500594251399705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveSince the pioneering work of Hans Berger in 1929 introducing the utility of human electroencephanlography (EEG) in psychiatry, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to the identification of pathophysiological mechanisms of mental diseases. However, how electrophysiology may be useful in clinical psychiatric settings is still matter of debate. Here we provide a summary of current emerging data and perspectives regarding the promising utility of various EEG tools in the treatment of mental diseases.Methods and ResultsIn this report we focus on new insights reported through the use of various EEG tools (quantitative EEG, QEEG; cognitive event-related potentials, ERPs) and some new EEG-based methods (Mobile Brain/Body Imaging or Artificial Intelligence algorithms) suggesting that their use might be helpful at the clinical level in the management of various forms of mental diseases.ConclusionGiven the encouraging results highlighting how these electrophysiological tools may be used with regard to mental disorders, continued efforts to better implement these EEG tools into psychiatric clinical settings remains one of the most pressing challenges for neurophysiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Human Electrophysiology Laboratory to Advance Cognitive Neuroscience in Western Kenya.","authors":"Amira Nafiseh, Jaime Morales, Mark Nyalumbe, Eren Oyungu, David Ayuku, Amanda R Bolbecker, William P Hetrick, Megan S McHenry","doi":"10.1177/15500594261432722","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15500594261432722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence underscores the influence of social determinants and cultural factors on brain structure and function. Neurophysiological approaches offer unique advantages for assessing brain physiology and cognitive functioning, but challenges remain in building the capacity necessary to support the use of these resources in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The establishment of a first-of-its-kind neurophysiology lab in East Africa in January 2022, the Moi University Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Center (MU CCNC), promotes dedicated research infrastructure for patients within Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), the second-largest national referral hospital in Kenya, which serves about 24 million individuals. Built within the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), a three-decade long collaboration between MTRH and a consortium of North American universities, the critical lessons learned while building this infrastructure in a low-resource setting included overcoming barriers to using and maintaining highly sensitive equipment in a setting with substantial environmental noise and electrical interference, ensuring secure and accurate data storage for complex files from precisely synchronized programs, and establishing standard operating procedures for laboratory continuity. Within the first two years of the establishment of the lab, capacity building has been prioritized, with a focus on extending neurophysiology training to research staff, students, and faculty throughout Kenya and developing research questions that can be addressed with lab methods and resources. By describing the process of developing a comprehensive human electrophysiology lab in a LMIC, we hope to streamline implementation for researchers to establish neurophysiology infrastructure in similar settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"321-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epileptic Tears: Two Cases of Ictal Crying with Intracranial Correlates.","authors":"Ronen Spierer, Noam Bosak, Mony Benifla, Moshe Herskovitz","doi":"10.1177/15500594251408552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15500594251408552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dacrystic seizure is a rare phenomenon of crying during an epileptic episode. It has an established connection to hypothalamic hamartoma, but was also reported to be associated with frontal and temporal epileptic foci. We present two cases of dacrystic epilepsy. Patient 1 had suffered from magnetic resonance imaging-negative epilepsy that was characterized by both gelastic and dacrystic seizures; stereo-encephalography showed onset in the anterior cingulate/Brodmann area 8 with rapid prefrontal and orbitofrontal propagation, leading to crying onset. Patient 2 had dacrystic seizures arising from a temporal lobe lesion with spreading to the orbitofrontal cortex. Both patients became seizure-free following resection targeting these networks. These cases represent intracranial correlates of dacrystic seizures occurring outside the context of hypothalamic hamartoma and suggest a central contribution of the anterior cingulate and/or orbitofrontal cortices in their generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"376-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Condensed EEG Curriculum Using a Procedural Based Learning Model.","authors":"Alexandria Valdrighi, Susannah Cornes, Vanja Douglas, Audrey Foster-Barber, Ernesto Gonzalez-Giraldo","doi":"10.1177/15500594261430384","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15500594261430384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundNeurology residency time constraints limit requisite EEG training, contributing to discomfort with this core skill. EEG interpretation is a procedural skill, and educational models utilizing cognitive and procedural elements may increase education efficacy and efficiency. We applied the Fitts-Posner procedural model to create a condensed EEG curriculum and assessed feasibility and efficacy.MethodsWe identified EEG education barriers then designed a curriculum including asynchronous didactics, EEG reading/staffing, and report writing. The curriculum was incorporated 2023-2024 into a 2-week (adult neurology) or 4-week (child neurology) epilepsy rotation. We evaluated EEG interpretation knowledge and confidence before, after and following a 3-month delay and solicited feedback.ResultsPrimary barriers to EEG education were insufficient practice and clinical responsibility. Ninety percent (19/21) of residents completed the curriculum. Residents identified reading/staffing EEGs and writing reports as instrumental curriculum components. Compared with pre-rotation, confidence and knowledge increased immediately post-rotation and following a 3-month delay but were lower at 3-months than immediately post-rotation. Child neurology residents had higher confidence than adult residents on post and 3-month surveys despite no knowledge differences.ConclusionsA condensed EEG curriculum using a procedural learning model was associated with improved confidence and knowledge after a 3-month delay. Confidence and knowledge were lower at 3-months than immediately post-rotation, indicating the need for reinforcing activities. Confidence was higher for child neurology residents with two extra rotation weeks suggesting additional training may also enhance confidence gains. Asynchronous didactics maximized efficiency, but residents valued reading/staffing EEGs and writing reports, highlighting the importance of sociocultural approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"351-357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aperiodic Correction of Posterior Theta/Alpha Ratio Reduces Arousal-State Dependency in Routine EEG-Based Dementia Screening.","authors":"Dokyung Lee","doi":"10.1177/15500594261460590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594261460590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionPosterior theta/alpha ratio (TAR) is among the best-validated qEEG biomarkers for dementia, yet remains largely unused in routine neurology practice - primarily because it is sensitive to the patient's arousal state, an uncontrolled variable in real-world clinical EEG. We evaluated whether aperiodic spectral correction can bridge this gap between research promise and clinical reality.MethodsRoutine EEGs from 73 participants (18 controls, 55 dementia patients) were analyzed across three arousal segments. Five correction strategies were evaluated for TAR, with the optimal method validated in an external dementia dataset (<i>ds004504</i>, n = 88) and a normative cohort (<i>ds005385</i>, n = 587, age 20-79).ResultsRaw TAR was diagnostically significant at Alert (AUC=0.772) and HVT (AUC=0.812) segments but failed in the Drowsy segment (AUC=0.631, <i>p</i> = 0.110) - the state most representative of uncontrolled clinical EEG. FOOOF-based aperiodic correction restored significance (AUC=0.701, <i>p</i> = 0.014), improved intraclass correlation to 0.945, and generalised to the external dataset (AUC=0.830). In the normative cohort, FOOOF-corrected TAR was completely age-independent (<i>r</i> = 0.000), supporting a universal threshold of ≥0.45 (specificity 92.3%).ConclusionsA single step of aperiodic correction transforms TAR from an arousal-sensitive research metric into a robust, age-independent clinical tool. Combined with cognitive assessment, FOOOF-corrected TAR offers practical, objective dementia screening within routine EEG practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15500594261460590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Activity Changes Induced by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Irin Apiworajirawit, Wanalee Klomjai, Thatchaya Prathum, Oranich Vimolratana","doi":"10.1177/15500594261458855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594261458855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain activity can be assessed using electroencephalography (EEG) through measures such as power spectral density (PSD), functional connectivity, the brain symmetry index (BSI), and event-related brain responses. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an adjunctive intervention for post-stroke motor rehabilitation using different montages, including ipsilesional anodal, contralesional cathodal, and bilateral M1 stimulation. However, EEG-derived neurophysiological responses associated with motor recovery following tDCS have not been comprehensively reviewed. A PubMed search from 2000 to 2025 identified 12 studies investigating the effects of tDCS on oscillatory activity and 3 studies examining event-related brain responses. Five studies evaluated tDCS alone (without rehabilitation), whereas 10 investigated tDCS combined with rehabilitation. For tDCS alone, ipsilesional anodal stimulation (anode over the ipsilesional M1 and cathode over the contralateral supraorbital area) and bilateral M1 stimulation (anode over the ipsilesional M1 and cathode over the contralesional M1) showed similar trends toward enhancing high-frequency power and functional connectivity, whereas contralesional cathodal stimulation tended to reduce beta band connectivity. For tDCS combined with rehabilitation, PSD findings were inconsistent; however, BSI and event-related desynchronization (ERD) following ipsilesional anodal stimulation consistently showed increased high-frequency activity associated with motor improvement. ERD enhancements were also observed following bilateral M1 stimulation. Overall, heterogeneity in EEG analytical methods likely contributes to inconsistent findings. Nevertheless, current evidence suggests that ipsilesional anodal and bilateral M1 stimulation may upregulate high-frequency activity in individual with stroke. Future systematic studies integrating standardized EEG analyses with clinical outcomes across different tDCS montages are needed to establish EEG-based guidelines for post-stroke motor rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15500594261458855"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Onset: The Diagnostic Value of Late Significant Patterns in Scalp Ictal EEG.","authors":"Duygu Arslan Mehdiyev, Nurhak Demir, İbrahim Öztura, Barış Baklan","doi":"10.1177/15500594261458860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594261458860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PurposeThis study aimed to systematically assess ictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG) evolution by examining both ictal onset characteristics and late significant patterns (LSPs) in adults with focal epilepsy. We aimed to investigate their individual and collective descriptive roles in seizure lateralization and localization, as well as their correlation with seizure semiology, interictal EEG findings, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within a multimodal presurgical assessment framework.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 67 adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent extended video-EEG monitoring, during which 242 seizures were documented. The ictal EEG findings were categorized based on the morphology of the onset and subsequent rhythmic patterns. The yields of lateralization and localization were evaluated independently for ictal onset patterns, LSPs, and combined ictal interpretations. Cohen's κ statistics were used to look at multimodal concordance between ictal EEG, seizure semiology, interictal EEG, and MRI findings.ResultsThe most common types of ictal onset were non-rhythmic or unclassifiable activity (29.3%) and low-voltage fast activity (28.5%). Late significant patterns were detected in 36.8% of seizures, predominantly manifesting as rhythmic theta-alpha activity, followed by repetitive spikes or sharp waves. The integration of LSPs resulted in enhanced lateralization and localization yields, in contrast to the analysis of onset patterns in isolation. At the individual patient level, combined ictal interpretation lateralized seizures in 68.6% of cases and localized seizure-onset regions in 70.1% of cases. There was a high degree of agreement between ictal and interictal EEG (κ = 0.775, strict right-left), a high degree of agreement between ictal EEG and MRI (κ = 0.710), and moderate-to-high agreement between ictal EEG and seizure semiology (κ = 0.647).ConclusionA systematic evaluation of ictal EEG evolution, including the identification of LSPs, provides additional descriptive data that augments conventional ictal-onset analysis in focal epilepsy. The integration of ictal evolution findings with semiology, interictal EEG, and MRI validates a multimodal interpretative framework for presurgical evaluation. These results highlight the possible clinical importance of incorporating seizure evolution analysis into conventional scalp EEG interpretation, although further validation with surgical outcome data is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15500594261458860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QEEG Guided Neurofeedback to Enhance Intellectual Functioning in Children with Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Tanju Surmeli, Ayben Ertem, Nasira C Bukhari, David S Cantor, Emin Eralp, Haitham Jahrami","doi":"10.1177/15500594261452764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594261452764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study evaluated whether quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) guided neurofeedback (NF) improves intellectual functioning and attention in children with mild to severe intellectual disability (ID).MethodsSixty-five children (38 males, 27 females; mean age ≈11 years) with DSM-5 diagnoses of mild-to-severe ID (IQ 28-68) and histories of unsuccessful standard treatments were enrolled. Baseline assessments included 19-channel QEEG referenced to FDA-approved Nx-Link™, BrainDx™, and NeuroGuide™ databases, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R or WISC-IV),and the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Participants underwent 80-120 QEEG-guided NF sessions. Training protocols targeted deviant z-scores, with hypercoherence addressed prior to amplitude abnormalities. IQ and attention were reassessed 6-12 months post-treatment. Outcomes were analyzed using paired t-tests, correlation analyses, and generalized linear models.ResultsMean full-scale IQ increased by approximately 10 points (≈53 to ≈63; +18.6%, p < 0.001). Significant gains were observed in both WISC-IV (+≈11 points) and WISC-R (+≈10 points), with improvements across verbal, perceptual, working memory, processing speed, and performance domains (all p < 0.001). Two thirds of participants' IQ increased by ≥6 points. TOVA scores improved but were not correlated with IQ changes. QEEG analyses showed normalization of resting-state networks, including increased alpha power in default mode network hubs and reduced coherence and phase lag; reductions in slow-wave coherence predicted IQ improvement.ConclusionQEEG-guided NF was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in intellectual functioning and attention in children with ID, exceeding gains expected from environmental enrichment. Findings support NF as a promising nonpharmacologic intervention warranting randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15500594261452764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148240764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Wakeful EEG Correlated with Serum Lithium Concentration Before and After Treatment of Lithium Carbonate Toxicity: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Hongmei Han, Baohui Yang","doi":"10.1177/15500594261455079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594261455079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium carbonate is a first-line psychopharmacological agent for the treatment of mood disorders, demonstrating significant therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in the management and prevention of relapses in bipolar affective disorders characterized by manic and depressive episodes. However, chronic lithium therapy or acute overdose can lead to toxicity, with symptoms predominantly observed in individuals with a psychiatric history. Clinical manifestations of lithium toxicity are primarily neurologic and gastrointestinal. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a case of lithium toxicity, incorporating an analysis of the literature on the characteristics of wakeful EEG before and after treatment in relation to serum lithium levels. It was found that EEG, as an adjunctive examination in lithium-induced encephalopathy, serves as a sensitive tool for assessing lithium-related neurotoxicity, facilitating the safe management of manic disorders and other psychiatric conditions treated with lithium carbonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":93940,"journal":{"name":"Clinical EEG and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15500594261455079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}