ChemospherePub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143691
S P Keerthana, R Yuvakkumar, G Ravi, V Ravi Sankar, S Arun Metha, Suresh Sagadevan
{"title":"Efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using α-SnWO<sub>4</sub> with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites for wastewater remediation.","authors":"S P Keerthana, R Yuvakkumar, G Ravi, V Ravi Sankar, S Arun Metha, Suresh Sagadevan","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater management has become necessary in this industrialized era to meet the water needs of the world. Wastewater is one of the major crises in depletion of the environment. Photocatalysis is considered as the best way to remove pollutants. Therefore, in this study, pure and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SnWO<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites were produced employing hydrothermal route. Prepared composites were studied by various techniques. SnWO<sub>4</sub> band gap were altered by introduction of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The morphology was uniformly developed by the addition of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> to the SnWO<sub>4</sub>. Evans Blue dye was employed as model pollutant. The photocatalytic action was improved by adding g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, which formed a heterojunction with SnWO<sub>4</sub>. The calculated rate constant was 0.000878, 0.0068, 0.01 and 0.0122 min<sup>-1</sup> for EB, SnWO<sub>4</sub>-EB, 0.1g g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SnWO<sub>4</sub>-EB and 0.2g g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SnWO<sub>4</sub>-EB. The rate constant increased for 0.2 g g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SnWO<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst. A heterojunction appeared between g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and SnWO<sub>4</sub> facilitated SnWO<sub>4</sub> for better e<sup>-</sup>/h<sup>+</sup>pair's separation and a lower recombination rate, which increased photocatalytic action of product. 0.2 g of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-SnWO<sub>4</sub> is a promising candidate for future wastewater degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduction of tobacco alkaloid bioaccumulation in pea shoots: a comparative study of biochar derived from cow dung and maize straw.","authors":"Yadong Cheng, Yuxiang Ba, Hui Yao, Xiao Wang, Yuan Yuan, Xiaojian He, Shibao Lv, Xiangwei You, Hao Zheng, Yiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco alkaloids in tobacco-cultivated soils pose potential risks for succeeding crops, due to their allelopathy and toxicity. Effects of biochar on the dissipation of tobacco alkaloids in soil-crop systems remain poorly understood. In this study, a 40-day pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of cow dung biochar (CDBC) and maize straw biochar (MSBC) on the uptake of nicotine and nornicotine by pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their dissipation in an agricultural soil. The results revealed that the bioaccumulation of nicotine and nornicotine by pea shoots in the soils added with CDBC and MSBC at 1.5% and 3.0% significantly decreased by 46.97-79.13% and 33.64-71.59%, respectively. CDBC more effectively decreased the uptake and bioaccumulation of nicotine and nornicotine by pea shoots than MSBC due to the higher soil pH and nutrient content. In addition, the enhanced relative abundances of soil nicotine-degrading bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter and Gemmatimonas also contributed to the decreasing uptake of nicotine by pea plants. The decreased bioavailability in the soils due to the increased adsorption was the key factor for the reduced bioaccumulation of tobacco alkaloids. This study provides guidance to protect subsequent crops in tobacco-cultivated soil from tobacco alkaloids with biochar.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143651
Tessa Pancras, Elisabeth van Bentum, Leontien de Pagter, Maarten van Hoef, Ron Hoogenboom, Bjorn Berendsen, Stefan van Leeuwen
{"title":"Large scale study on PFASs levels in fruits, vegetables and soil from allotments and gardens contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a Dutch fluorochemical production plant.","authors":"Tessa Pancras, Elisabeth van Bentum, Leontien de Pagter, Maarten van Hoef, Ron Hoogenboom, Bjorn Berendsen, Stefan van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citizens grow their own fruits and vegetables in allotment gardens in the vicinity of a fluorochemical production plant (FCPP) in The Netherlands. Historic emissions and the subsequent atmospheric deposition of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid / HFPO-DA) from the FCPP have resulted in the nearby environment being contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This research aimed to investigate the levels of PFASs in garden produce and whether a gradient can be observed in relation to distance from the FCPP. Furthermore, differences between certain types of fruits and vegetables were explored, as well as a potential relation between the measured concentrations in garden produce and soil. 737 fruit and vegetable samples were collected from 17 allotments and 4 gardens up to 20 kilometres from the FCPP, along with soil and water samples. Garden produce included fruits, potatoes, fruiting vegetables, brassicas, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, bulb vegetables, legumes and stem vegetables. PFASs concentrations in the samples were quantified using a very sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method. PFASs were detected in most samples above the analytical limit of detection (0.3 to 12.5 pg/g ww). PFOA and GenX were found in the highest concentrations (up to 5280 pg/g ww GenX and 3020 pg/g ww PFOA) in garden produce sampled downwind and close to the FCPP. Other PFASs were also found, but at (much) lower levels. Field-derived bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated for PFOA and GenX. The BAFs for PFOA were shown to be approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than BAFs from other studies. This may be explained by aging of the PFASs contamination and the intense cultivation of the garden plots. This study shows that PFOA and GenX can end up in garden produce and this will result in human exposure when the garden produce is consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143613
Ryan J LaRue, Samuel Koo, Ashleigh Warren, Yves G McKay, David R Latulippe
{"title":"A Strategy for Quantifying Microplastic Particles in Membrane Filtration Processes using Flow Cytometry.","authors":"Ryan J LaRue, Samuel Koo, Ashleigh Warren, Yves G McKay, David R Latulippe","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) pollution is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, with significant quantities of MPs originating from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Efforts to evaluate and implement MP removal processes are underway, with membrane technologies often recommended as an \"ideal\" solution. A key challenge in evaluating these technologies involves efficiently quantifying MP concentrations in samples. Here, flow cytometry (FC) is demonstrated as an effective technique to obtain concentration measurements of plastic microbeads (MBs; 1-5 μm) suspended in water with/without added humic acid. Regardless of solution conditions, MB concentrations were easily quantified via FC. Subsequently, two microfiltration membranes were challenged to these suspensions. As measured via FC, the 0.45 μm membrane demonstrated effective MB rejection (>99%) whereas the 5 μm membrane exhibited a broad range of rejections (40% to >95%) depending on solution conditions and filtration time. Finally, a model was formulated utilizing FC forward light scattering intensity measurements to estimate MB sizes in samples. Using the model, a 33% reduction in median MB size, on average, was noted across the 5 μm membrane when filtering MBs suspended in humic acid solution, affirming a preferential permeation of smaller particles. Overall, this study advances MP quantification techniques towards validating removal processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143605
Eleftheria Theodoropoulou, Paula Pierozan, Francesco Marabita, Andrey Höglund, Oskar Karlsson
{"title":"Persistent effects of di-n-butyl phthalate on liver transcriptome: impaired energy and lipid metabolic pathways.","authors":"Eleftheria Theodoropoulou, Paula Pierozan, Francesco Marabita, Andrey Höglund, Oskar Karlsson","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental contaminant dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is reported to be hepatotoxic, but the underlying molecular pathways and pathological processes remain unclear. Here we used RNA-sequencing to characterize persistent hepatic transcriptional effects one week after the conclusion of five weeks oral exposure to 10 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day DBP in male mice. The exploratory transcriptome analysis demonstrated five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 10 mg/kg/day group and thirteen in the 100 mg/kg/day group. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), which identifies affected biological pathways rather than focusing solely on individual genes, revealed nine significantly enriched Reactome pathways shared by both DBP treatment groups. Additionally, we found 54 upregulated and one downregulated Reactome pathways in the 10 mg/kg/day DBP group, and 29 upregulated and 13 downregulated pathways in the 100 mg/kg/day DBP group. According to the DEGs and the GSEA findings DBP exposure disrupts several key biological processes, including protein translation, protein folding, apoptosis, hedgehog signaling, degradation of extracellular matrix and alterations in the energy/lipid metabolism. Subsequent liver tissue analysis corroborated these findings, showing that DBP exposure induced tissue disorganization, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, increased TNF-α, ATP and glucokinase levels. In addition, several proteins central for the metabolic system were affected, mostly in a dose-response pattern. Taken together the results show that DBP can cause hepatic stress and damage and suggest a potential role for DBP in the development of non-alcoholic fat liver disease, the most prevalent liver disease worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal-oxide nanocatalysts for spontaneous sequestration of endocrine-disrupting compounds from wastewater.","authors":"Abayomi Bamisaye, Shakirudeen Modupe Abati, Ayodeji Rapheal Ige, Nelson Oshogwue Etafo, Yakubu Adekunle Alli, Muyideen Olaitan Bamidele, Omolabake Abiodun Okon-Akan, Kayode Adesina Adegoke, Olajumoke T Abiola-Kuforiji, Mopelola Abidemi Idowu, Olugbenga Solomon Bello","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quest for a good life, urbanization, and industrialization have led to the widespread distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water bodies through anthropogenic activities. This poses an imminent threat to both human and environmental health. In recent years, the utilization of advance materials for the removal of EDCs from wastewater has attracted a lot of attention. Metal-oxide nanocatalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their high surface area, reactivity, and tunable properties, as well as enhanced surface properties such as mesoporous structures and hierarchical morphologies that allow for increased adsorption capacity, improved photocatalytic activity, and enhanced selectivity towards specific EDCs. As a result, they have shown extraordinary efficacy in removing a wide range of EDCs from aqueous solutions, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, personal care items, and industrial chemicals. This study give insight into the unique physicochemical characteristics of metal-oxide nanocatalysts to effectively and efficiently remove harmful EDCs from wastewater. It also discussed the advances in the synthesis, and properties of metal-oxide nanocatalysts, and insight into understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the adsorption and degradation of EDCs on metal-oxide nanocatalysts using advanced characterization techniques such as spectroscopic analysis and electron microscopy. The findings of the study present metal-oxide nanocatalysts as a good candidate for the spontaneous sequestration of EDCs from wastewater is an intriguing approach to mitigating water pollution and safeguarding public health and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143508
Sunil Kumar Patel, Apeksha Vikram, Diksha Pathania, Rashi Chugh, Prakriti Gaur, Gaurav Prajapati, Sumana Y Kotian, G N V Satyanarayana, Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, Atul Kumar Upadhyay, Ratan Singh Ray, Ashish Dwivedi
{"title":"Allergic Potential & Molecular Mechanism of Skin Sensitization of Cinnamaldehyde Under Environmental UVB Exposure.","authors":"Sunil Kumar Patel, Apeksha Vikram, Diksha Pathania, Rashi Chugh, Prakriti Gaur, Gaurav Prajapati, Sumana Y Kotian, G N V Satyanarayana, Akhilesh Kumar Yadav, Atul Kumar Upadhyay, Ratan Singh Ray, Ashish Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fragrance, a key ingredient in cosmetics, often triggers skin allergy causes rashes, itching, dryness, and cracked or scaly skin. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), derived from the bark of the cinnamon tree, used as a fragrance and is a moderate skin sensitizer. CA exhibits strong UVB absorption, its allergic potential and the molecular mechanisms underlying skin sensitization under UVB exposure remain largely unexplored. To investigate the allergic potential and molecular mechanisms of CA-induced skin sensitization under ambient UVB radiation, we employed various alternative in-silico, in-chemico and in-vitro tools. CA under ambient UVB isomerizes from trans to cis CA after 1hr of exposure. Furthermore, DPRA assay and docking with simulation studies demonstrated the enhanced allergic potential of cis-CA. Additionally, our study evaluated intracellular ROS levels and the expression of Nrf2, Catalase, and MMP-2, and 9 in KeratinoSens cells, showing significant upregulation under UVB exposure in the presence of CA. Moreover, our findings indicate that CA activates THP-1 cells co-stimulatory surface marker (CD86) via the activation of intracellular ROS, phagocytosis, and genes of the TLR4 pathway. These insights into the mechanisms uncovered by our study are crucial for managing triggers of allergic skin diseases caused by fragrance use and concurrent exposure to environmental UVB/sunlight.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536
Yun-Ru Ju, Chang-Rui Su, Chih-Feng Chen, Cheng-Fu Shih, Li-Siang Gu
{"title":"Single and mixture toxicity of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites on Daphnia magna.","authors":"Yun-Ru Ju, Chang-Rui Su, Chih-Feng Chen, Cheng-Fu Shih, Li-Siang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is one of the organic ultraviolet (UV) filters widely used in personal care products, resulting in its ubiquitous occurrence in aquatic systems. This study discovered the potential risks of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites (BP-1 and BP-8) in aquatic environments. This study investigated the toxicity of three single BPs and their mixtures' effects on the survival of Daphnia magna. All three BP types were found to have toxic effects on D. magna, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 22.55 mg/L for BP-1, 1.89 mg/L for BP-3, and 2.36 mg/L for BP-8, after 48 h of exposure. When the three BPs were binary and ternary mixtures, the EC50 values fell within 2.74-32.26 mg/L. Binary and tertiary mixtures of the three BPs indicated no strong synergistic or antagonistic effects. The mixture toxicity predictions using the classical mixture concept of concentration addition and measured toxicity data showed good predictability. The ecological risks of BPs were assessed using the maximum measured environmental concentrations of BPs collected from a river in Taiwan, divided by their respective predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values derived from the assessment factor (AF) method. The result showed a low ecological risk for the sum of three BPs. However, BP-3 had the highest potential risk, while BP-1 was the lowest among the three BPs. Therefore, BP-3 should pay attention to long-term environmental monitoring and management. This study provides valuable information for establishing scientifically-based water quality criteria for BPs and evaluating and managing the potential risk of BPs in the aquatic environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143532
Laura Huidobro, Anna Domingo, Elvira Gómez, Albert Serrà
{"title":"Bismuth oxyiodide-based composites for advanced visible-light activation of peroxymonosulfate in pharmaceutical mineralization.","authors":"Laura Huidobro, Anna Domingo, Elvira Gómez, Albert Serrà","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in water bodies represents a significant environmental and public health concern, largely due to their inherent persistence and potential to induce antibiotic resistance. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that employ peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have emerged as an effective means of degrading these contaminants. Bismuth oxyiodides (BiOI), which are known for their visible-light photocatalytic properties, demonstrate considerable potential for removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. This study examines the synthesis and performance of BiOI-based composites with barium ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles for enhanced PMS activation under visible light. BiOI and Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I were synthesized via solvothermal and electrodeposition methods, respectively, and their morphologies and crystalline structures were observed to exhibit distinctive characteristics following annealing. The formation of the composite with BFO resulted in an improvement in the catalytic properties, which in turn enhanced the surface area and availability of active sites. The objective of the photocatalytic studies was to evaluate the degradation and mineralization of tetracycline (TC) under visible light, PMS, and combined conditions. The Bi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>I(ED)-BFO catalyst was identified as the optimal candidate, achieving up to 99.8% TC degradation and 99.4% mineralization within 90 min at room temperature. The synergistic effect of BFO in BiOI-based composites significantly enhanced performance across all conditions, indicating their potential for efficient remediation of pharmaceutical pollutant. The material's performance was further evaluated in tap water, where the degradation efficiency decreased to 56.4% and mineralization to 38.2%. These results reflect the challenges posed by complex water matrices. However, doubling the PMS concentration to 5 mM led to improved outcomes, with 93.8% degradation and 81.4% mineralization achieved. These findings demonstrate the material's robust potential for treating pharmaceutical pollutants in real-world conditions, advancing sustainable water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}