ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143889
Marko Pranić, Livio Carlucci, Albert van der Wal, Jouke E Dykstra
{"title":"Kinetic and isotherm study for the adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on activated carbon in the low ng/L range.","authors":"Marko Pranić, Livio Carlucci, Albert van der Wal, Jouke E Dykstra","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activated carbon adsorption is a widely used technology for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the rapid breakthrough of PFAS in activated carbon filters poses a challenge to meet the very low allowable PFAS concentrations in drinking water, leading to high operational costs. In this study, we conducted batch isotherm and kinetic adsorption experiments using nine different types of PFAS molecules at concentrations typically found in water sources used for drinking water production (0.1-100 ng/L). The isotherm experiments at these low concentrations reveal that the maximum adsorption capacity of several PFAS is much lower than reported in literature. The estimated isotherms were included in a dynamic model that includes mass transport based on surface diffusion. This model effectively describes the experimental kinetic data, and the obtained surface diffusion coefficients indicate a very slow PFAS surface mobility. Additionally, our findings indicate that PFAS surface mobility decreases in scenarios with more available adsorption sites. Notably, mesoporous activated carbon, with its higher adsorption capacity, exhibits lower PFAS surface mobility than microporous carbon with lower PFAS adsorption capacity. Moreover, for both carbons, we observed a decrease in PFAS surface mobility at higher carbon loadings when the surface is less saturated with PFAS. Our findings suggest potential inherent limitations in activated carbon technology for PFAS removal under environmentally relevant conditions, as we observed lower adsorption capacities than previously reported at higher concentrations, and a decrease in PFAS surface mobility with more available adsorption sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144044
Alwyn R Fernandes, Alexander Schächtele, Rainer Malisch, Theresa Zwickel, Karin Tschiggfrei, Jerzy Falandysz
{"title":"Prioritising relevant polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners for human dietary exposure studies.","authors":"Alwyn R Fernandes, Alexander Schächtele, Rainer Malisch, Theresa Zwickel, Karin Tschiggfrei, Jerzy Falandysz","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a decline in the production and use of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and the restrictions introduced by the Stockholm Convention, dietary intake represents the most significant pathway of human exposure to these dioxin-like contaminants. PCNs occur ubiquitously in foods, originating from the legacy of historical production that is now globally redistributed, as well as from ongoing industrial and domestic combustion sources which have a stronger influence on occurrence patterns in countries where they were not produced. Recent studies have benefited from a wider set of available PCN reference standards, enabling more accurate reporting of a diverse range of congeners. Combining the available information on food occurrence with relative potency (REP) data, an initial selection of twenty PCN congeners are presented here for monitoring of foodstuffs. The selection is expected to provide a good indication of the overall dioxin-like toxic equivalence (TEQ) associated with food occurrence, particularly in industrialised countries and regions where both, historical production and current combustion processes are significant sources. The selection also appears to be representative of the vast majority of PCN TEQ reported in human tissues despite the limited amount of reliable data. Future studies will benefit from the increasing availability of new PCN standards and provide a broader spectrum of occurrence data in foods and human tissues. They will also support toxicological studies on a wider range of congeners and biological effects, enhancing our understanding of PCN-mediated toxicity. Both these information strands will allow refinement and expansion of the proposed selection of congeners, if required.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143861
Jia Xin Yap, C P Leo, Derek Juinn Chieh Chan, Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin, Pau Loke Show
{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Air-liquid interface cultivation of Navicula incerta using hollow fiber membranes\"[Chemosphere 307 (2022) 135625].","authors":"Jia Xin Yap, C P Leo, Derek Juinn Chieh Chan, Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin, Pau Loke Show","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). <This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. A journal-wide investigation by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team identified violations of the journal's policies on conflict of interest related to the submission and review of this paper. Review of this submission was handled by Guest Editor Kuan Shiong Khoo despite an extensive record of collaboration, including co-publication, with one of the paper co-authors (Pau Loke Show). Acceptance of the article was solely based upon the positive advice of reviewers who were closely linked to one of the authors (Show). This compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. The authors disagree with this retraction and dispute the grounds for it.>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144017
Shulian Wang, Yanqun Li, Lu Cai, Xian Yang, Kewu Pi, Zhu Li
{"title":"Enhanced coagulation of Microcystis aeruginosa using titanium xerogel coagulant.","authors":"Shulian Wang, Yanqun Li, Lu Cai, Xian Yang, Kewu Pi, Zhu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanobacterial blooms are prevalent globally and present a significant threat to water security. Titanium salt coagulants have garnered considerable attention due to their superior coagulation properties and the absence of metal residue risks. This paper explored the influencing factors in the coagulation process of titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC), the alterations in cell activity during floc storage, and the release of cyanobacterial organic matters, thereby determining the application scope of TXC for cyanobacterial water treatment. The findings indicated that at a TXC dosage of 8 mg Ti/L, the removal rate of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) exceeded 86% across a pH range of 5-9. The coagulation performance with anions HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>/HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> was unsatisfactory at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 mg/L, with corresponding chlorophyll a (Chl-a) levels of 168, 129, and 196 μg/L, respectively. While the presence of Cl<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> had little influence on the removal efficiency. At sodium alginate (SA) concentration of 6 mg/L, the Chl-a content was 116 μg/L, with humic acid (HA) not affecting M. aeruginosa removal but hindering turbidity reduction, leaving a residual turbidity of 11 NTU. Following TXC treatment, a floc storage study with cyanobacteria-laden surface water showed a decrease in microcystins (MCs) content. The low residual titanium concentration post-TXC coagulation (<0.06 mg/L) and MCs reduction contributed to reduced effluent toxicity, indicating TXC's versatile applicability for treating cyanobacterial-contaminated waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143841
R Suresh, Saravanan Rajendran, P Senthil Kumar, Dai-Viet N Vo, Lorena Cornejo-Ponce
{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Recent advancements of spinel ferrite based binary nanocomposite photocatalysts in wastewater treatment\"[Chemosphere 274 (2021) 129734].","authors":"R Suresh, Saravanan Rajendran, P Senthil Kumar, Dai-Viet N Vo, Lorena Cornejo-Ponce","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). <This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. A journal-wide investigation by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team identified violations of the journal's policies on conflict of interest related to the submission and review of this paper. Review of this submission was handled by Guest Editor Pau Loke Show despite an extensive recent record of collaboration, including co-publication, with three of the paper co-authors (P. Senthil Kumar, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Saravanan Rajendran). This compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. The authors disagree with this retraction and dispute the grounds for it.>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143840
S Akash, Baskaran Sivaprakash, Natarajan Rajamohan, C Muruga Pandiyan, Dai-Viet N Vo
{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Pesticide pollutants in the environment - A critical review on remediation techniques, mechanism and toxicological impact\"[Chemosphere 301 (2022) 134754].","authors":"S Akash, Baskaran Sivaprakash, Natarajan Rajamohan, C Muruga Pandiyan, Dai-Viet N Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). <This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. A journal-wide investigation by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team identified violations of the journal's policies on conflict of interest related to the submission and review of this paper. Review of this submission was handled by Guest Editor Pau Loke Show despite an extensive record of collaboration, including co-publication, with one of the paper co-authors (Dai-Viet N. Vo). Acceptance of the article was partly based upon the positive advice of a reviewer who was closely linked to one of the authors (Vo). This compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. The authors disagree with this retraction and dispute the grounds for it.>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"143840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Single-Step Magnetic Bead-Based Sandwich Immunoassay for the Rapid Detection of Ciguatoxins in Fish Samples.","authors":"Jaume Reverté, Shivangi Shukla, Takeshi Tsumuraya, Masahiro Hirama, Jean Turquet, Jorge Diogène, Mònica Campàs","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is one of the most prevalent non-bacterial seafood-borne illnesses worldwide, caused by the consumption of fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). Even though its prevention largely relies on avoidance of certain fishes and geographic regions, the development of rapid and user-friendly bioanalytical methods for effective CP management and surveillance is still necessary. In this work, four simplified strategies of a magnetic bead (MB)-based sandwich immunoassay were proposed for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of CTXs in fish. The one consisting of a single step was selected, which allowed the detection of CTXs in a fish extract in only 40 min at levels as low as 0.01 μg CTX1B equivalents/kg of fish, which is the safety guidance level proposed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this strategy, all components were incubated simultaneously with the sample, only requiring a subsequent washing and substrate incubation step before signal measurement, reducing the complexity and the time required for analysis in contrast with the classical sequential sandwich immunoassays. The ease of experimental handling, added to the short analysis time and appropriate sensitivity make this single-step immunoassay a promising tool for CP risk assessment and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144058
Chenrun Wu, Liangliang Zhu, Renzhi Xu, Zihan Zhou, Yanling Huang, Bo Song
{"title":"Prediction of lead accumulation risk and safe planting zone delineation of rice in Guizhou Province using machine learning.","authors":"Chenrun Wu, Liangliang Zhu, Renzhi Xu, Zihan Zhou, Yanling Huang, Bo Song","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uneven distribution of lead (Pb) in rice and soil across the primary rice-growing regions of southern China has led to challenges in assessing rice quality and associated health risks. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a fast and precise method for forecasting the accumulation of Pb in soils and rice to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals. We utilized eight machine learning models to fit the training data and find the optimal model based on 1,396 pairs of soil-rice samples collected during field surveys in Guizhou Province. Among them, the random forest model achieved higher prediction accuracy (rice: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.486; soil: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.518) and was further optimized using a Bayesian optimizer to enhance its performance (rice: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.662; soil: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.718). The importance of characteristics showed that annual precipitation and soil effective state were the main factors affecting rice Pb accumulation; distance to the nearest mine and annual rainfall were the main factors affecting total soil Pb. The area with higher risk of Pb accumulation in soil was located in the western part of Bijie, while the area with higher risk of Pb accumulation in rice was located in the southern part of Tongren. There were some differences between the two. About 88% of the areas in Guizhou Province are classified as priority protected areas regarding safe planting zoning, with safe utilization areas accounting for about 10%. However, areas in the eastern part of Qiandongnan, the southeastern part of Tongren, and the western part of Bijie require strict control. Our study attach great importance to the prevention of high Pb accumulation in rice as well as in soils in major rice growing areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemospherePub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144036
Qinghua Liu, Pan Yi, Jiawei Sun, Yuqing Liu, Hongxia Sui, Ruixin Guo, Jianqiu Chen, Yanhua Liu
{"title":"The synthetic cannabinoid 5F-ADB induced developmental toxicity in Daphnia magna through disrupting the oxidative stress system and the nervous conduction system.","authors":"Qinghua Liu, Pan Yi, Jiawei Sun, Yuqing Liu, Hongxia Sui, Ruixin Guo, Jianqiu Chen, Yanhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methyl 2-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB), which is classified as an illicit drug in China and most European countries, is susceptible to abuse. The abuse of 5F-ADB must avoid entering the water environment. However, the aquatic toxic effects of 5F-ADB remain unclear. In this study, Daphnia magna (D. magna) was used to investigate the potential toxicity of 5F-ADB at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 1, and 100 μg/L. The results showed that 5F-ADB caused significant developmental, reproductive, and neurodevelopmental toxicity in D. magna. Compared with the control group, exposure to 5F-ADB significantly reduced daphnia body length, weight, heartbeat, total number of offspring, while increased daphnia respiratory rate, and swimming behavior. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly, while catalase (CAT) activity decreased, indicating that the exposed daphnia suffered obvious oxidative damage. 5F-ADB also triggered the inhibition of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems, which ultimately stimulated the swimming behavior of D. magna. This study demonstrates that 5F-ADB has a significant toxic effect on the vital activity of D. magna upon entering aquatic environments, and that synthetic cannabinoid analogs such as 5F-ADB may pose potential ecological risks to organisms in aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The adverse effects of nanosilver on fish gills: A critical review on ecotoxicity and underlying mechanism.","authors":"Zhaolai Guo, Chengchen Wang, Daolei Cui, Qianqian Xiang, Ping Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.144037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental safety and health impacts of nanosilver have attracted much attention due to their continuous detection in water. Although the effects of nanosilver on aquatic organisms have been reported, the ecotoxicity and underlying mechanism of nanosilver in aquatic organisms are not fully understood. Fish gills are the primary target organs of pollutant exposure in aquatic environments, and is important to clarify the impact of nanosilver on aquatic organisms by systematically and comprehensively revealing the effect of nanosilver on fish gills. Here, we review the ecotoxicity and potential mechanisms of nanosilver on fish gills. Studies have shown the most commonly used and toxic nanosilver for studying the effects of nanosilver on fish gills is 5-30 nm. Nanosilver mainly affects various physiological functions of fish gills, such as respiration, ion, and osmotic pressure regulation, by disrupting the structure and components of tissues or cells (e.g., cell membranes and mitochondria), as well as interfering with tissue lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. The main mechanisms of toxicity induced by nanosilver in fish gills are gill membrane damage, oxidative stress, and silver ion release. This review provides a scientific basis for the detrimental effects of nanosilver on aquatic ecological environment health and the protection of fish resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":93933,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":" ","pages":"144037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}