Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Computational Design of Drugs for Epilepsy using a Novel Guided Evolutionary Algorithm for Enhanced Blood Brain Barrier Permeability.","authors":"Sekhar Talluri","doi":"10.2174/0118715249385792250709073502","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249385792250709073502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epilepsy is a common disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS). The rational design of small-molecule drugs for disorders of the CNS is a difficult process because the majority of small molecules are unable to cross the Blood-Brain-Barrier. An efficient method for the design of inhibitors that have high permeability through the Blood-Brain-Barrier has the potential for application in drug design for CNS disorders such as Addiction, Alzheimer's disease, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Epilepsy, Gliomas, and Tuberculous meningitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Supervised learning was used to model the Blood-Brain-Barrier permeability of drugs like small organic molecules. This information was utilized to guide an evolutionary algorithm for the design of inhibitors with increased affinity for the target as well as higher Blood-Brain-Barrier permeability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ligands designed with guided evolution were predicted to have higher binding affinity for the target as well as higher permeability across the Blood-Brain-Barrier compared to an evolutionary algorithm without the guidance. The guided evolutionary method was applied to design a set of drug-like ligands that were predicted to bind to GABA-T with high affinity, to be BBB permeable, and to be chemically synthesizable.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite the availability of several drugs that are approved for the treatment of epilepsy, there are many cases that do not respond to available drugs or experience adverse effects. The novel ligands designed as part of this work have the potential to address the limitations of available drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Guided evolution is an efficient computational approach for the design of CNS drugs. The de novo design of drugs by application of the guided evolution algorithm, developed as part of this work, has resulted in the generation of ligands that are potential drugs for the cure of epilepsy. However, the effectiveness of these drugs for the cure of epilepsy has to be validated experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"212-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mini-review on Unlocking Cognitive Enhancement: An Innovative Strategy for Optimal Brain Functions.","authors":"Akash Vikal, Rashmi Maurya, Brij Bihari Patel, Preeti Patel, Manish Kumar, Balak Das Kurmi","doi":"10.2174/0118715249357704250702140026","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249357704250702140026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive enhancement, aimed at improving or preserving memory, attention, and executive functions, has gained significant interest from both the scientific community and the public. This review explores various strategies for enhancing cognitive function, including natural compounds, synthetic enhancers, and behavioural approaches. Natural compounds like curcumin, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Rhodiola rosea are examined for their cognitive benefits, with ongoing research on their mechanisms and potential nanoformulation-based drug delivery. Synthetic enhancers such as Modafinil, Piracetam, Methylphenidate, and Noopept show promise in improving cognitive functions. Additionally, substances influencing brain metabolism, like Creatine and Coenzyme Q10, are discussed. Behavioural interventions, including sleep optimization, meditation, and physical exercise, are evaluated for their cognitive-enhancing effects. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as TMS and tDCS, along with innovative methods like whole-body vibration and brain-machine interfaces, are also explored. The review emphasizes the complex interplay of these strategies and the need for continued research to fully exploit their potential. By highlighting natural compounds, synthetic drugs, and behavioural approaches, the review advocates for a multifaceted approach to cognitive enhancement and calls for more detailed and longitudinal studies to understand their long-term benefits and mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"125-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Sadayuki Hashioka","doi":"10.2174/0118715249448780251013060739","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249448780251013060739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"v"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145411059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebroprotective Potential of Androgen Receptors in Ischemic Postconditioning against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Neurodegenerative Changes.","authors":"Prabhat Singh, Surbhi Gupta, Bhupesh Sharma, Lubhan Singh, Rani Bansal, Mamta Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0118715249354207250429041513","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249354207250429041513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In stroke, reperfusion of blood to the cerebral ischemic area following sustained ischemia further exacerbates tissue damage, identified as cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) insult. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPoC) appears to offer benefits against I/R injury. The cascade of androgen receptors (ARs) has a vital role in cerebral stroke; however, its neurodefensive function in IPoC is unclear. This investigation aimed to explore the involvement of ARs in IPoC in cerebral I/R insult in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (GCI/R) insult in experimental animals was provoked by 10 minutes of obstruction of the bilateral carotid arteries after reperfusion for 24 hours. IPoC was carried out by providing a triad of I/R insults with a gap of 10 minutes of GCI after 24 hours of reperfusion. Lateral push, inclined beam, rota rod, hanging wire, and Morris-water maze experimentations were conducted on animals to determine motor control and cognitive functions (learning and memory). Cerebral oxidative damage markers (raised lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, inflammatory indicators (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase), infarction, and histopathological alterations were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Animals with I/R exhibited reduced motor function and memory along with raised cerebral oxidative damage, AChE activity, inflammation, infarction, and histopathological alterations. IPoC after ischemic events recuperated the damaging outcomes of I/R insult. 60 minutes before cerebral ischemia, pretreatment with testosterone mimicked the neurodefensive outcomes of IPoC. However, neuroprotective outcomes developed by IPoC were diminished by flutamide (ARs antagonist) pretreatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IPoC may offer neuroprotective outcomes in I/R insult by modulation of ARmediated pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"183-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Identification of Pharmacophore Responsible for the JNK3 Enzyme Inhibition using KPLS-based QSAR Analysis.","authors":"Ravi Kumar Rajan, Maida Engels, Umaa Kuppuswamy","doi":"10.2174/1871524926999260225090858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524926999260225090858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An error was noted in the article titled \"Identification of Pharmacophore Responsible for the JNK3 Enzyme Inhibition using KPLS-based QSAR Analysis\" published in Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2026, 26(1), 63- 78 [1]. The heading \"DECLARATIONS\" appeared twice in the article. The duplication has now been removed, and the heading has been revised to \"AI DISCLOSURE\". We regret the error and apologize to the readers. The original article can be found at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/146990.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":"26 2","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-epileptic Activity of <i>Cyanthillium cinereum</i> (L.) H. Rob. Leaves in the Experimental Pentylenetetrazole-induced Epileptic Model.","authors":"Kundan Singh Bora, Kanupriya Kumari","doi":"10.2174/0118715249352799250512015642","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249352799250512015642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a common and frequently devastating disorder affecting millions of people. According to a recent survey, 1-2% of the Indian population suffers from major mental disorders and 5% suffers from minor mental disorders. Epilepsy is among those mental disorders that affect 30 million people worldwide. Currently, the treatment of epilepsy involves agents which modulate sodium-ion channels, enhance GABAergic transmission, and agents with multiple modes of action. Various classes of synthetic drugs are used to treat epilepsy, but these drugs are often challenged due to their unwanted side effects. Medicinal plants have been a part of human society which combating diseases from the dawn of civilization. The plant <i>Cyanthillium cinereum</i> (L.) H. Rob. is mainly found in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Nepal at an altitude of 8000 m. Decoction of this plant is traditionally used as an anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-epileptic, and in neurosis and skin diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study investigated the anti-epileptic activity of Cyanthillium cinereum leaves against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic model in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plant extracts were prepared using solvents in increasing polarity viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and water, using a Soxhlet apparatus. The bio-active extract was characterized using FTIR and GC techniques. <i>In vivo</i> antioxidants like GSH and SOD level, oxidative stress markers- MDA and hemoglobin and platelet count were also estimated in the animal brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Amongst all extracts tested, only ethanol extract of <i>Cyanthillium cinereum</i> significantly (p<0.05) inhibited generalized tonic-clonic seizures in PTZ-induced epilepsy in mice in a dose (100 or 200 mg/kg., p.o.) dependent manner. The dose of 200 mg/kg of extract exhibited the most significant effect. It is also found that treatment with ethanol extract on PTZ-induced epilepsy in mice significantly (p<0.05) reduces the duration of convulsion and delays the onset of clonic convulsion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings suggest that the high amounts of phenols and flavonoids in the ethanol extract could be responsible for the anti-epileptic effect. Moreover, the ethanol extract also restored GSH, SOD and hemoglobin and platelet level and decreased oxidative marker- MDA content in the mice brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"114-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Behavioral and Structural Impairments Associated with Brain Ischemia in Rats.","authors":"Mohammad Bakhtiari, Masoumeh Emamghoreishi, Maryam Khastkhodaei Ardakani, Mohammad Reza Namavar","doi":"10.2174/0118715249345683250116080547","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249345683250116080547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and physical and mental disability. Oxidative stress, free radicals, and inflammation play critical roles in ischemic brain damage. Free radical scavengers such as edaravone and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are considered promising targets for ischemic stroke treatment. This study aimed to assess the impact of these drugs on brain ischemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-nine rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham, edaravone, and DMF controls, as well as edaravone, DMF 5, 15, and 30 groups. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in all groups except the sham group. The MCAO groups were administered with either the vehicle, edaravone (3 mg/kg), or DMF at doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted throughout the experiment, and anatomical changes in the brain were evaluated using stereological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Edaravone and three doses of DMF improved neurobehavioral functions. All treated rats showed a reduction in the ischemic volume and cell loss in the brain regions when compared with the control animals. MCAO reduced the total number of neurons and just DMF doses had a significant effect on this factor. Interestingly, MCAO increased the number of non-neurons and only the DMF 30 group significantly decreased this parameter. DMF 30 was more effective in ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although edaravone improved neurological functions and reduced the size of brain ischemia and cell loss, DMF, especially at higher doses, exerted a more beneficial effect on these parameters. Therefore, DMF could be proposed as a reinforcement to currently conventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Dolutegravir in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Insights from Network Pharmacology and <i>In Silico</i> Docking Studies.","authors":"Karishma M Rathi, Nikhil S Sakle, Vaishali R Undale, Ravindra D Wavhale, Ritesh P Bhole, Pawan N Karwa","doi":"10.2174/0118715249350698250317041551","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249350698250317041551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The search for effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, has been fraught with challenges. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases globally, affecting approximately about 50 million people. Currently, drug repurposing has emerged as a promising strategy in new drug development, attracting significant attention from regulatory agencies, such as the US FDA.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of dolutegravir in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment using a novel network pharmacology approach. Specifically, it explored the interaction of dolutegravir with key molecular targets involved in AD pathology, predicted its effects on relevant biological pathways, and evaluated its viability as a new therapeutic candidate.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study employed a network pharmacology framework to evaluate dolutegravir, an antiretroviral drug, as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, shedding light on its possible therapeutic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A network pharmacology approach was used to predict the drug targets of dolutegravir. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify interacting pathways. Additionally, protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted to assess key interactions and molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding affinity of dolutegravir to the predicted targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PPI network analysis revealed that dolutegravir interacted with several key targets, including BRAF, mTOR, MAPK1, MAPK3, NOS1, BACE1, CAPN1, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, CHUK, IKBKB, PIK3CA, and PIK3CD. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that dolutegravir could influence amyloid-beta formation, amyloid precursor protein metabolism, and the cellular response to amyloid-beta. Molecular docking results showed the highest binding affinity of dolutegravir for PI3KCD (-8.5 kcal/mol) and MTOR (-8.7 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated that dolutegravir holds significant potential in modulating key pathways involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. These results provide a strong foundation for further investigations into the therapeutic efficacy and safety of dolutegravir in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The use of drug repurposing strategies, leveraging Dolutegravir's established pharmacological profile, offers a promising route for accelerated therapeutic development in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Pharmacological Effects of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>: Clinical Relevance and Applications.","authors":"Deepshi Arora, Yugam Taneja, Aakriti Saini, Bhawna Chopra, Manish Kumar, Shailendra Bhatt, Ajmer S Grewal, Ashwani K Dhingra","doi":"10.2174/0118715249362016250401085542","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249362016250401085542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption and utilization of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaves and seeds in traditional herbal treatments have left an indelible mark. Their rich chemical makeup and remarkable pharmacological effects, particularly in the form of EGb761 leaf extracts, have captivated researchers seeking novel treatments for degenerative nerve illnesses like Alzheimer's disease. However, the story of Ginkgo biloba doesn't end there. The <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> seeds, which were once highly regarded as sustenance and medicine but are often overlooked, hold ancient wisdom that awaits discovery and understanding, also, it is advised to consume one to two seeds per day because of the ginkgo toxin side effect. Traditional Chinese medicine has harnessed its potential to combat intestinal tract worm infections, pyogenic skin diseases, enuresis, asthma, cough, and more, owing to its abundant reserves of carbs, protein, fat, and polyphenols. Moreover, recent studies have emerged, suggesting their neuroprotective properties. Fostering awareness and encouraging the consumption of Ginkgo biloba seeds thus becomes paramount. As we embark on a quest to delve into the depths of Ginkgo biloba seeds, this comprehensive review aims to shed light on their key components, bioactivities, processing techniques, and the latest insights into their pharmacological actions. By embracing a holistic understanding of Ginkgo biloba seeds, we lay the foundation for their scientific advancement and the development of this remarkable edible seed. Furthermore, it is essential to acknowledge that while Ginkgo biloba holds immense potential, caution is warranted, as adverse effects such as allergies have been reported, particularly in individuals with known allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biochemical Effects of Resveratrol Intake on the Neurobehavioral Aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Masoud Nikfarjam, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Sahar Rostamian, Karamali Kasiri","doi":"10.2174/0118715249387274250521054238","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715249387274250521054238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by various neurobehavioral impairments. This study aims to review the preventive and therapeutic effects of Resveratrol (RSV) against ASD during various stages of life, specifically focusing on its influence on behavioral and neurodevelopmental biochemical mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On December 6, 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was conducted across several high-coverage databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The most important data were extracted and reviewed after screening the publications based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV alleviates autistic-like social behaviors by promoting social interaction and mitigating repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and symptoms resembling depression. RSV influences chemokine receptor expression, diminishes pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and regulates mitochondrial function by reducing nitrosative stress and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, while also increasing antioxidant markers like glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain. Additionally, it enhances neuronal organization, increases the proportions of interneurons (SOM+, PV+, CB+), and restores the integrity of the hippocampus. Moreover, RSV modulates epigenetic pathways, such as estrogen receptorbeta (ERβ) activation and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) expression, counteracts learning, memory, and locomotor activity deficits, and normalizes cortical oscillations. It also potentially modulated gutbrain- axis dysregulation and neurotransmitters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV has shown promising effects on ASD, primarily through its influence on behavioral, neuromolecular, and neurodevelopmental mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}