Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"From Bench to Bedside: Cutting-Edge and Emerging Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Chanchal Sharma, Avijit Mazumder","doi":"10.2174/0118715249388723250910140541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249388723250910140541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most pressing neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, with increasing prevalence and limited disease-modifying treatments. While recent clinical advances, including monoclonal antibodies like lecanemab and donanemab (early stage), show promise in slowing cognitive decline by targeting amyloid-beta pathology, their use is associated with risks such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Alongside these developments, preclinical innovations continue to explore novel mechanisms, including antisense oligonucleotides, TREM2 agonists, siRNA, mRNA-LNP platforms, and CRISPR-based gene editing. These approaches target tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, and genetic risk modifiers like APOE4. This review bridges the gap between preclinical research and clinical application by highlighting the mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges of both established and emerging therapies. Emphasis is placed on biomarker-guided trials, model systems (e.g., iPSC organoids), and future directions to improve efficacy, safety, and global accessibility of AD therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharides: Sources, Mechanisms Associated and Therapeutic Potential for Neuropathy.","authors":"Zeeshan Ali, Nishat Fatma, Phool Chandra, Krishana Kumar Shamra","doi":"10.2174/0118715249385605250902120741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249385605250902120741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathy is a disorder defined by injury or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, which causes a variety of symptoms, including pain, numbness, and weakness. Diabetes, autoimmune illnesses, infections, and chemotherapy are some of the possible underlying reasons. Polysaccharides, complex carbohydrates derived from diverse natural sources such as plants, fungi, algae, and microbes, have garnered a significant role for their multifaceted biological activities that have been shown in humans, such as the ability to bind nuclear receptors, control inflammation, and scavenge radicals and antioxidants. These properties make polysaccharides a potential therapeutic option for preventing and managing neuropathy. Many polysaccharides possess strong antioxidant properties, which can help protect neurons from oxidative stress. Moreover, they have a broad variety of biological actions, including antibacterial and anticancer properties, as well as preventive effects against neurological illnesses, including neuropathy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Because of their diverse spectrum of biological functions, they have drawn a lot of attention for their potential as therapeutics, including nerve regeneration and repair, neuroprotective, antioxidants, and reducing inflammation. Several studies have emphasized the significant potential of polysaccharides for enhancing nerve regeneration. This review investigates numerous natural sources of polysaccharides, the mechanism of action, and their therapeutic potential for neuroprotective or neuropathy management, offering insights into their potential role in enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review also underscores the therapeutic potential of polysaccharides as adjunct or alternative agents in neuropathy management and advocates for further clinical validation and mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Pseudoelephantopus spicatus.","authors":"Shagupta Zohiriah Ahmed Warsi, Anwar Parvez, Abdullah Al Noman, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Faysal Ahmed, Abdur Rahman, Javed Iqbal, Rashmi Pathak, Himanshu Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0118715249382386250831055558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249382386250831055558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pseudoelephantopus spicatus has been traditionally employed in ethnomedicine for treating a variety of ailments. However, its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties remain underexplored. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and neuropharmacological effects of its methanolic leaf extract (MEPS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Leaves were collected, identified, and subjected to methanolic extraction. Phytochemical profiling was conducted via GC-MS, and antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and superoxide scavenging assays. Swiss albino mice were employed in behavioral tests, Hole Board Test (HBT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Forced Swimming Test (FST), and Tail Suspension Test (TST) to evaluate anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Additionally, in silico molecular docking assessed interactions of major compounds with the GABA receptor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GC-MS revealed key phytochemicals, including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. MEPS showed moderate antioxidant activity with 13.264 mg GAE/g and 43.692 mg QE/g for phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. Behavioral assays showed dosedependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, especially at 200 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Docking studies indicated strong GABA receptor binding, particularly for 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (-6.6 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The neuropharmacological effects are attributed to high flavonoid content and specific phytochemicals with known CNS activity. The behavioral improvements and antioxidant activities support MEPS's therapeutic potential in neurological disorders, likely through modulation of oxidative stress and GABAergic pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MEPS exhibits significant antioxidant, anxiolytic, and antidepressant activities, supported by both in vivo and in silico findings. These results validate its traditional use and warrant further studies for its potential development as a neuroprotective agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Pyranophenothiazines for Anti-Alzheimer's Activity: Insights from Molecular Modeling Analysis.","authors":"Prema V, Meena A, Ramalakshmi N","doi":"10.2174/0118715249353128250901051741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249353128250901051741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Obstructing AChE is a remedial strategy to increase ACh levels in the brain and potentially upgrade cognitive function. In the realm of anti-Alzheimer's agents, pyranophenothiazine has been a noteworthy compound that exhibits significant inhibitory activity toward relevant receptors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Novel analogs of pyranophenothiazine were intricately crafted, and their inhibitory potential against AChE enzyme (4EY7) and BuChE enzyme (4AQD) was thoroughly investigated through molecular modeling studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In silico ADMET predictions were carried out by using the QikProp module. Docking studies were conducted by using the Glide module for two targets: AChE enzyme (PDB id: 4EY7) and BuChE enzyme(PDB id: 4AQD). Binding free energies were calculated by means of the Prime MM-GBSA module, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed by using the Desmond module.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>These results of ADMET predictions indicated that the compounds possess drug-likeness properties, making them suitable candidates for further development and also having the ability to cross the BBB. The docking studies revealed the interaction between the designed ligands and cholinesterases. The results indicate that the ligands exhibit significant binding affinities, which was confirmed by MM-GBSA analysis and MD simulation study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, the study findings suggest that derivatives of pyranophenothiazine hold potential as inhibitors of AChE targeting AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145082707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Computational Analysis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Schiff Base Hybrids for Anxiolytic and Skeletal Muscle-Relaxant Activities.","authors":"Amit Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Shivam, Archana Gautam, Afreen Usmani, Sneha Rawat","doi":"10.2174/0118715249355436250806100850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249355436250806100850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schiff bases are a well-known class of substances with a variety of pharmacological properties, including skeletal muscle relaxant and anxiolytic effects. They are ideal candidates for the development of CNS-active drugs due to their structural adaptability and ability to interact with a range of biological targets. The purpose of this study was to create, synthesize, and describe new Schiff base hybrids and assess their possible skeletal muscle relaxant and anxiolytic effects using pharmacological and computational techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By using condensation reactions between primary amines and substituted aromatic aldehydes, several new Schiff base hybrids were created. FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry were used for structural elucidation. To evaluate binding affinity with GABA-A and NMDA receptor sites, computational investigations involving molecular docking and ADME profiling were carried out. Validated rodent models were utilized for pharmacological evaluations, including the rotarod and traction tests to assess skeletal muscle relaxation, as well as the elevated plus maze and open-field tests to evaluate anxiolytic activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The synthesized Schiff base derivatives demonstrated high purity and stability. In accordance with the observed in vivo anxiolytic activity, docking studies demonstrated advantageous binding interactions with the GABA-A receptor.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Certain compounds exhibited moderate skeletal muscle relaxant activity, without producing noticeable sedation or motor impairment, as well as significant anxiolytic effects comparable to those of diazepam (p < 0.05). Good drug-likeness and CNS permeability were predicted for the lead compounds by ADME analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both in silico and in vivo tests support the encouraging skeletal muscle relaxant and anxiolytic properties of the synthesized Schiff base hybrids. These results suggest their potential as top contenders for the development of innovative CNS-active medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Elements Involved in Alzheimer's Disease Progression.","authors":"Dania Khalid, Amber Afroz, Hammad Ismail, Umer Rashid, Saqib Hussain Hadri","doi":"10.2174/0118715249388578250827072156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249388578250827072156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss and a decline in cognitive behavior. It is a progressive brain disorder where an individual's intelligence and reasoning capabilities are highly affected. The ability to think and process any idea is impaired, which is quite common in elders aged above 60 years. However, the current era has reported an increase in Alzheimer's disease as people gradually lose the ability to analyze things at an early age of 45 years. The main cause of AD is not known yet, due to which a particular target for drug action is not available. The main elements implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) include tau protein, amyloid beta protein, and cholinergic receptors, all of which exhibit altered function and expression levels in individuals with the disease. Several studies indicate the disrupted levels of the brain's dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters. Mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium ions, and inflammation pathways also play a significant role in disease progression. The interplay of a number of genes and proteins is also dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, which affects processes related to cell signaling and cell division. The link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus is a new breakthrough in the research on both diseases. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses have revealed a number of interconnected genes responsible for AD. The use of natural products as medicines can be a great hallmark in Alzheimer's research, producing promising results in the future, which may lead to amelioration of the disease and its adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shielding the Brain: Nrf2-ARE Pathway as a Therapeutic Focus in Epilepsy.","authors":"Arshdeep Kaur, Navpreet Kaur, Shamsher Singh, Raj Kumar Narang, Sania Grover","doi":"10.2174/0118715249377844250806052840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249377844250806052840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is a common neurological condition marked by frequent seizures, which often accompanies cognitive and psychological difficulties. With an estimated 65 million sufferers worldwide, epilepsy imposes an enormous burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Seizures are categorized into focal, generalized, and seizures with unknown onset. Of all the focal seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is distinctive as it develops in the temporal lobes and causes altered consciousness as well as emotional difficulties. About 30% of people with TLE continue to have symptoms that do not improve with antiepileptic medications, resulting in further physical and psychological issues. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, driven by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of ROS disrupt neuronal calcium homeostasis, increase synaptic excitability, and contribute to neuronal injury and death. Antioxidant enzymes like catalase and superoxide dismutase help to reduce damage caused by ROS; yet, prolonged OS promotes the development of epileptogenesis. Additionally, recent research highlights the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of cellular defense against OS. Activation of the Nrf2-antioxidant response elements (ARE) signaling pathway enhances antioxidant enzyme expression and protects neurons from ROS damage. Studies suggest that targeting Nrf2 could offer novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsy by reducing OS and improving neuronal survival. Exploring Nrf2-activating compounds holds promise for developing more effective antiepileptic therapies, addressing the unmet need for treatments that can modulate the oxidative environment within the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Early Prediction of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Anjali Gond, Adarsh Kumar, Anmol Kumar, Swatantra K S Kushwaha","doi":"10.2174/0118715249377789250724111141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249377789250724111141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects both motor and non-motor functions, primarily due to the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Traditional diagnostic methods largely depend on clinical symptom evaluation, which often leads to delays in detection and treatment. However, in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have emerged as groundbreaking techniques for the diagnosis and management of PD. This review explores the emergent role of AI-driven techniques in early disease detection, continuous monitoring, and the development of personalized treatment strategies. Advanced AI applications, including medical imaging analysis, speech pattern recognition, gait assessment, and the identification of digital biomarkers, have shown remarkable potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care. Additionally, AI-driven telemedicine solutions enable remote and real-time disease monitoring, addressing challenges related to accessibility and early intervention. Despite these promising advancements, several hurdles remain, such as concerns over data privacy, the interpretability of AI models, and the need for rigorous validation before clinical implementation. With PD cases expected to rise significantly by 2030, further research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial to refining AI technologies and ensuring their reliability in medical practice. By bridging the gap between technology and neurology, AI has the potential to revolutionize PD management, paving the way for precision medicine and better patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144982437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Anti-Epileptic Drug Design: DFT, TD-DFT, and Molecular Docking Approach.","authors":"Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Saira Khan, Farhan Siddique, Mehvish Bibi, Seema Zareen, Arooma Yasmin, Syda Saba Hassan","doi":"10.2174/0118715249350047250725120152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249350047250725120152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that affects around 50 million people globally. To cure this disorder, different antiepileptic drugs have been studied via computational approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-density functional theory (TDDFT) are employed to investigate the optoelectronic, photodynamic, and structural properties of antiepileptic drugs (EP1-EP5). The B3LYP/6-311 G (d, p) was used for the computational simulations study. Further comparisons with reference drug phenobarbital (R) and (EP1-EP5) drugs, several geometrical variables, including frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), excitation energy, hole-electron overlap, density of states, binding energy, molecular electrostatic potential, transition density matrix, and density of states were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to R with antiepileptic drugs AEDs (EP1-EP5) exhibited a bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum, lower excitation energies, and comparable binding energies. The findings showed that the antiepileptic drugs had significantly lower HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (Eg = 1.89-1.98 eV), pointing to their higher charge-directing behavior from HOMO to LUMO. The EP5 molecule exhibited excellent HOMO (-7.17 eV), LUMO (-2.80 eV), lowest energy band gap (4.37 eV), and boosted DOS results, which strengthens the drug-protein interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EP5 exhibited the enhanced performance due to the presence of the electron withdrawing group in the acceptor region, extended conjugation, and better charge transference could be the best drug efficiency. During molecular docking, the robust interactions in EP5 with the antiepileptic proteins (4EY7 and 7SK2) showed an excellent structural template among the designed drugs. Among them, EP5 has better structural properties as an antiepileptic drug for future drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Morin & Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathic Pain.","authors":"Ankita Wal, Pranay Wal, Gagandeep Singh Basra, Ritu Rani Yadav, Srilekha Das Nag, Shiva Mishra, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/0118715249352790250711092129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249352790250711092129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that plant-derived flavonoids may be useful in the treatment of diabetes. Plants in the Moraceae family are commonly known to contain the bioflavonoid morin. Its pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective properties. An organic dithiol molecule called alpha-lipoic acid is essential to mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. Its antioxidant properties have led to significant research in the treatment of diabetic conditions. Diabetic neuropathic pain is associated with poor glucose regulation and metabolic abnormalities, specifically oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Many mediators and signaling pathways play a crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain, including the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end products, glutamate pathway, trophic factors, activation of channels, inflammation, and OS. Morin is useful in controlling blood sugar levels and lowering the problems associated with diabetes, according to studies conducted in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring chemical that is necessary for the function of specific enzymes involved in mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism. Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), the reduced form of ALA, is thought to have a variety of biological activities, including the reduction of oxidized forms of other agents, including vitamin E and C, metal chelation, and modulation of signal transduction of several pathways (insulin). With its antioxidant properties and ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, ALA may be able to inhibit the oxidative stress-inflammation pathways that are triggered in diabetic neuropathy. Thus, in this paper, we studied the impact of dietary flavonoid morin and alpha lipoic acid on the molecular mechanism causing major diabetic problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}