Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Lead Phytomolecules for Treating Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Krishn Kumar Agrawal, Chandra Veer, Yogesh Murti, Sunil Pratap Singh","doi":"10.2174/0118715249355503241210101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249355503241210101001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One percent of persons over 65 years of age suffer from Parkinson's disease, a neurological ailment marked by dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway gradually dying and being depleted in the striatum. Parkin and PINK1 gene mutations, which are essential for mitophagy and impair mitochondrial function, are the cause of it. Parkinson's disease is linked to a number of motor and impairment disorders, including bradykinesia, rigid muscles, tremor at rest, and imbalance. Numerous signaling pathways, including α-synuclein aggregation, lead to age-related decline in proteolytic defense systems. Parkinson's disease etiology involves oxidative stress, ferroptosis, mitochondrial failure, and neuroinflammation. Parkinson's disease is significantly influenced by neuroinflammation, which is a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The purpose of studying mechanisms and phytomolecules is to assist researchers in creating therapies for Parkinson's disease. Phytomolecules, like curcumin, β- amyrin, berberine, capsaicin, and gentisic acid, exert neuroprotective properties by reducing ROS levels, lessening α-synuclein-induced toxicity, and shielding the cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, the studies presented here provide valuable insights into the potential of various medications for Parkinson's disease treatment. By understanding the mechanisms behind these treatments, researchers can develop more effective treatments for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.","authors":"Farshad Hassanzadeh Kiabi, Tayebeh Khosravi, Saeed Gharooee Ahangar, Siavash Beiranvand","doi":"10.2174/0118715249328823241111101137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249328823241111101137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many disorders, including heart, bone, cancer, liver, and brain disease, have been treated using stem cell therapy as a viable alternative. The somatosensory system is affected by a lesion, which leads to neuropathic pain (NP), and just a relatively tiny fraction of patients now receive effective care from existing pharmacological medications. There have been studies to show the effectiveness of various stem cells in reducing or treating experimental neurological pain, although these studies are uncommon in number. In this narrative review, we will summarize the preclinical and clinical research that has been conducted on the effectiveness of several stem cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, bone-derived stem cells, and neural stem cells, in reducing neurological pain in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids.","authors":"Shweta Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0118715249344284241112184703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249344284241112184703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids have a wide range of neuroprotective effects on the brain, including the capacity to reduce neuroinflammation, shield neurons from harm caused by neurotoxins, and maybe improve memory, learning, and cognitive function. These functions are most likely a result of two similar mechanisms. Inhibiting neurotoxic substance-induced apoptosis and promoting synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival are achieved by first interacting with key protein and lipid kinase signaling pathways in the brain. Second, they have positive effects on the vascular system that alter cerebrovascular blood flow and can result in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and morphological alterations in neurons. Through these pathways, eating foods high in flavonoids has the potential to avoid or delay age-related impairments in cognitive abilities as well as neurodegeneration. Due to the high level of interest in creating new pharmaceuticals that might improve the cognitive function of the brain, Flavonoids could be important preparatory substances in the development of a new class of brain-improving drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalates Induced Neurotoxicity: A Mechanistic Approach.","authors":"Kajal Gaur, Yasir Hasan Siddique","doi":"10.2174/0118715249332874241113030902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249332874241113030902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phthalates play a significant role as plastic modifying additives in everyday items like plastics, pesticides, paints, and cosmetics. This review explores the relationship between phthalates and neurotoxicity and sheds light on the potential risks these ubiquitous chemicals pose to neurological health. The review elucidates the diverse neurotoxic effects of phthalates exposure, spanning developmental neurotoxicity, neuropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurobehavioral toxicity. Mechanistic insights reveal the pathways through which phthalates induce cellular damage, including oxidative stress, disruption of calcium signalling, alteration in lipid metabolism, and interference with thyroid hormone homeostasis. Moreover, the review discusses regulatory measures aimed at restricting phthalate usage and highlights the imperative for further research and awareness to safeguard public health against the neurotoxic effects of phthalates.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant Potential of Hispidulin Present in S. barbata D. Don: Mechanistic Insights through Neurochemical and Behavioral Assessments.","authors":"Arzoo Pannu, Ramesh K Goyal, Shikha Goswami","doi":"10.2174/0118715249331487241021053730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249331487241021053730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the antidepressant properties of Hispidulin, a flavonoid present in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. The selection of Hispidulin stems from its notable inhibitory activity against Xanthine Oxidase (XO), a parameter in the pathophysiology of depression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Mice were subjected to a rigorous evaluation using a murine model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) to induce depression for 21 days and antidepressant properties were rigorously assessed using the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Open Field Test (OFT). Imipramine and fluoxetine were used as standard drugs. Additionally, neurochemical analyses were conducted to quantify serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Further mechanistic insights were sought through the estimation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and assessment of antioxidant enzyme levels in the brain. Plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels were also measured to delineate the underlying mechanism of action.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hispidulin demonstrated significant antidepressant effects, as evidenced by reduced immobility time in TST and FST and increased exploratory behavior in OFT. Neurochemical analysis revealed restoration of 5-HT, NE, and DA levels in key brain regions. Furthermore, Hispidulin modulated MAO activity and enhanced antioxidant enzyme levels in the brain. Plasma nitrite levels were elevated, indicating enhanced nitric oxide synthesis, while corticosterone levels were reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that Hispidulin exerts potent antidepressant effects, potentially mediated through its influence on monoaminergic neurotransmitters, MAO activity, and antioxidant defenses. These results provide valuable mechanistic insights into the antidepressant action of Hispidulin, supporting its potential therapeutic application in depressive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Phytoconstituents from Natural Product Database as SIRT2 Inhibitors for Potential Role in Alzheimer's Disease: An In-Silico Screening.","authors":"Hitesh Kumar, Ashok Kumar Datusalia, Anoop Kumar, Gopal L Khatik","doi":"10.2174/0118715249319554240930050002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249319554240930050002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to conduct in silico screening of the potential phytoconstituent from a natural product database to find SIRT2 inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, characterized by behavioral and mental symptoms as well as a progressive loss of cognitive ability. Since SIRT2 may be detrimental to neurological illnesses, it is a prime target for research into SIRT2 inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the SIRT2 inhibitors and their role in AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have utilized NPAtlas database and screened using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and simulation. The Natural Products Atlas provides unrestricted access to various natural products derived from bacteria and fungi, allowing researchers to investigate and visualize the extensive chemical diversity in the natural world.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From in silico screening data, we have found phytoconstituents that could function as SIRT2 inhibitors. Six phytoconstituents were identified using pharmacophore-based virtual screening. According to molecular docking, Kurasoin B outperformed the reference molecule regarding binding energy. Kurasoin B exhibited a binding affinity of -12.543 kcal/mol, whereas the binding affinity of the reference molecule was -12.089 kcal/mol. The Kurasoin B complex with SIRT2 was determined to be stable throughout the simulation by performing MD simulation, with an RMSD of 2.88 (Å), whereas the reference and free protein displayed RMSDs of 3.74 and 4.70 (Å), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In silico studies and data analysis, suggest that Kurasoin B may be able to suppress the SIRT2 protein for managing AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiazolidine-4-one Analogues: Synthesis, In-Silico Molecular Modeling, and In-vivo Estimation for Anticonvulsant Potential.","authors":"Payal Mittal, Deepak Ghanghas, Diksha Sharma, Kamal Shah, Girish Chandra Arya, Aarti Chaudhary, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan","doi":"10.2174/0118715249322920241004113343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249322920241004113343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a critically deep-rooted CNS disorder affecting above 50 million people all over the world. Thus, a safe and effective treatment that proves its worth in this ailment is urgently needed. Thiazolidine-4-ones possess the molecules to be used as anticonvulsants. The thiazolidinedione is a cyclic analogue of thiosemicarbazides and thioureas as well as a (bio)isostere of hydantoin (imidazolidine-2,4-dione), which are recognized as novel anticonvulsant designs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel thiazolidine-4-one derivative by three-component condensation in one pot reaction method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel thiazolidine-4-one derivative was formulated by three-component condensation. The selected OH (Alcohol) derivatives were found to be more potent; hence, a molecular docking study against a selected target LGI1 LRR domain was performed. Various analytical tests like FTIR and H1 NMR were accomplished. The FTIR was used to validate the existence of multiple functional moieties like C-S, O-H, C=O, C-N, N=O, C-NH, C-O in the wave region from 3075 cm-1 - 1236 cm-1 and H1 NMR was employed to ascertain if the synthesized analogues had the complete set of protons. Then, the anti-seizure activity of the selected compound was examined using PTZ models in mice at three successive doses, i.e., 25, 50, and 100mg/kg, and compared with standard ethosuximide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The docking simulations were initiated using PyMOL after the binding site was determined and the receptor and ligand were suitably prepared. It showed higher binding frequency in comparison to the standard marketed drug Ethosuximide. FTIR and H1 NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the chemical components. Numerous functional groups, including O-H (alcohol), C=O (ketones), N=O, C-NH, C-N, C-S, and C-O bending stretching, were visible in the synthesized molecule accordingly. The synthesized compound was effective in inhibiting the convulsions at the concentration of 100 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel thiazolidine-4-one derivative showed promising activity and could be considered for further investigation and dosage form preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Emerging Targets Identification in Reducing Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Saurabh Sharma, Kalpana Rahate, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715249333381241012073557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249333381241012073557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid deposits has been identified as the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and neurological condition that can result in non-amnestic cognitive decline in less common forms and amnestic memory loss in its classic form. While Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of memory loss in middle-aged and older adults, other neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders can have an impact on the disease's clinical course. Designing multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) is a very promising modern approach. This methodology was designed specifically for treating disorders with complex pathological mechanisms. Among these disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is currently the most prevalent multifactorial neurodegenerative illness. Increased amounts of the amyloid βpeptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, together with the loss of neurons and synapses, are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, there is evidence that the pathophysiology of this condition is influenced by oxidative stress, metal ion dysregulation, inflammation, and failure of the cell cycle regulatory system. Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-factor illness, there are many attractive targets for the development of anti-AD medications. These molecules can be useful in treating AD since they are multi-target-directed. This review focuses on the discovery of dual and multi-acting anti-AD drug candidates, especially hybrids made by combining chemically active moieties that function against distinct targets. The first group of substances consists of cholinesterase inhibitors with extra properties or those that function as multiple binding site inhibitors. Natural products also provide numerous options for slowing the progression and symptoms of many diseases, including Alzheimer's Meanwhile, Natural chemical structures with the following characteristics: alkaloids, sterols, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic properties. We provide an overview of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and therapy targets in this study. We also show several isolated chemicals and medicinal plants that are used to treat and prevent the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review on Caenorhabditis elegans Role in Modelling Neurodegenerative Disease.","authors":"Himangi Vig, Priyanka Shukla, Anamika Mishra, Ayushi Pal, Ankita Wal","doi":"10.2174/0118715249340567241004043542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249340567241004043542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A small, translucent nematode known as Caenorhabditis elegans, or C. elegans, is frequently utilized as a model organism in biomedical studies. These worms, which are around 1 mm long and feed on bacteria, are usually found in soil. For accessible and effective research on genetics, developmental biology, neuroscience, cell biology, and aging, C. elegans provide an ideal model. Its simplicity, which includes a translucent body and a nervous system with only 302 neurons, makes it possible to see cellular and developmental processes in great detail. Because of its special benefits, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans allows for a thorough characterization of the cellular and molecular processes causing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This is a general review of the life cycle, experimental methodologies, and the use of C. elegans to model brain diseases, including those related to molecular and genetic factors that cause neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we go over how C. elegans is a perfect model organism for studying neurons in instances of prevalent age-related neurodegenerative illnesses due to a combination of its biological traits and new analytical techniques. The literature review process was carried out step-by-step using online search databases such as Web of Science, PubMED, Embase, Google Scholar, Medline, and Google Patents. In the first searches, keywords like C.elegans, disease modelling, and neuroprotective activity were employed. Because of C. elegans's physiological transparency, it is possible to track the development of neurodegeneration in aging organisms by using co-expressed fluorescent proteins. Importantly, a fully characterized connectome provides a unique ability to precisely connect cellular death with behavioural instability or phenotypic diversity in vivo, thus permitting a deep knowledge of the detrimental effect of neurodegeneration on wellbeing. In addition, pharmacological therapies and both forward and reverse gene screening speed up the discovery of modifiers that change neurodegeneration. These chemical-genetic investigations work together to determine important threshold states that either increase or decrease cellular stress in order to unravel related pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Explore Nasal-Brain Lymphatic System for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Rohit Sharma, Monika, Bobby Tyagi, Disha Gupta, Rupa Mazumder, Avijit Mazumder","doi":"10.2174/0118715249329586240924105624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249329586240924105624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-related Neurodegenerative Disorders (NDD) are the leading cause of low life expectancy globally. Brain-targeted drug delivery is required for treating most the NDD via bypassing the blood-brain barrier, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. The nasal-brain drug delivery route has the advantage of locally enhancing drug delivery to the brain, mainly through the olfactory route rather than systemic circulation. To overcome the limitations of nasal-brain drug delivery, a nanocarrier approach and mucoadhesive polymers are needed. Notwithstanding these constraints, various nanotechnology techniques have been created, including polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, & nano-emulsions. This review aims to explore the intranasal pathway for drug delivery through the nasal-brain lymphatic systems, considering brain anatomy and physiology along with a drug formulation design approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":93930,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}